Development finance and climate finance - IIED
... aid in 2013) should not be counted as official development assistance (ODA) as it is now. This will limit any crowding out or diversion of ODA money from core SDG provision, and provide a more accurate picture of development-related finance. Other attempts to resolve this debate over ‘new and additi ...
... aid in 2013) should not be counted as official development assistance (ODA) as it is now. This will limit any crowding out or diversion of ODA money from core SDG provision, and provide a more accurate picture of development-related finance. Other attempts to resolve this debate over ‘new and additi ...
Why Kyoto?
... 9th June 2006, the Climate Change Secretariat of the United Nations published news that projects with emission reductions worth more than 1,000,000,000 (1 billion) tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) had just been approved!!! CDM is happening faster than anyone would have predicted two years ...
... 9th June 2006, the Climate Change Secretariat of the United Nations published news that projects with emission reductions worth more than 1,000,000,000 (1 billion) tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) had just been approved!!! CDM is happening faster than anyone would have predicted two years ...
text_2ed_rev - Department of the Geophysical Sciences
... reflects more light than vegetation does. Smoke emitted from coal-burning power plants produces a haze of sulfuric acid droplets that can reflect light. The Earth is kept significantly warmer than it would be by the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. Most of the gases in the air are completely tra ...
... reflects more light than vegetation does. Smoke emitted from coal-burning power plants produces a haze of sulfuric acid droplets that can reflect light. The Earth is kept significantly warmer than it would be by the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. Most of the gases in the air are completely tra ...
Preparing Low-Emission Climate-Resilient Development
... and climate change. They incorporate the priorities of all stakeholders, including organizations and individuals outside the government. LECRDS should not be perceived as strategies that create rules and constraints to development, but rather as approaches that will continue to pursue social, gender ...
... and climate change. They incorporate the priorities of all stakeholders, including organizations and individuals outside the government. LECRDS should not be perceived as strategies that create rules and constraints to development, but rather as approaches that will continue to pursue social, gender ...
TAMK - University of Applied Sciences Tampere, Finland
... of people, first in Europe and Northern America and subsequently in Asia and Latin America. The development of techniques and machines which convert potential energy into work has heavily increased the economies‟ outputs – but, vice versa, as well the demand for energy. The combustion of slowly rene ...
... of people, first in Europe and Northern America and subsequently in Asia and Latin America. The development of techniques and machines which convert potential energy into work has heavily increased the economies‟ outputs – but, vice versa, as well the demand for energy. The combustion of slowly rene ...
1650_Velders_ODSuncertainties
... Other factors also affect future ozone layer ● Non-Montreal Protocol related changes also important ● Increases in other gases: CO2, CH4, N2O: – Changes through chemical reactions: HOx, HCl, NOx, ClONO2 – Changes through temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere ...
... Other factors also affect future ozone layer ● Non-Montreal Protocol related changes also important ● Increases in other gases: CO2, CH4, N2O: – Changes through chemical reactions: HOx, HCl, NOx, ClONO2 – Changes through temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere ...
Process-based simulation of seasonality and
... of instantaneous temperature. However, there are only two models known to the authors that explicitly account for the cumulative effect of both impacts temperature and radiation, throughout longer time periods. One is the respective routine of the MEGAN model (Guenther et al., 2006; Müller et al., ...
... of instantaneous temperature. However, there are only two models known to the authors that explicitly account for the cumulative effect of both impacts temperature and radiation, throughout longer time periods. One is the respective routine of the MEGAN model (Guenther et al., 2006; Müller et al., ...
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
... CO2 than that associated with conventional oil and gas. CCS has the potential to mitigate some of this extra CO2 burden. If we wish to sustain the use of oil, gas, and coal to meet energy demands in a carbon-constrained world and to provide time to move toward alternative energy sources, then it wil ...
... CO2 than that associated with conventional oil and gas. CCS has the potential to mitigate some of this extra CO2 burden. If we wish to sustain the use of oil, gas, and coal to meet energy demands in a carbon-constrained world and to provide time to move toward alternative energy sources, then it wil ...
Chapter 1 Introduction - Wageningen UR E
... policy constitution is also formed out of the policy theory. Evaluation on this constitution is included and results combined with the evaluation on the criteria. This method is applied to a practical case; the Separate Sinks Target Regime (SSTR) as a post 2012 climate change policy regime. The SSTR ...
... policy constitution is also formed out of the policy theory. Evaluation on this constitution is included and results combined with the evaluation on the criteria. This method is applied to a practical case; the Separate Sinks Target Regime (SSTR) as a post 2012 climate change policy regime. The SSTR ...
GDI 12 – Warming Core – Final
... eruptions, as well as a look at what happened thousands or even millions of years ago, when atmospheric CO2 levels were much higher due to natural causes. As this handy chart from New Scientist shows, most of these studies have been converging around the same range of answers: Doubling the amount of ...
... eruptions, as well as a look at what happened thousands or even millions of years ago, when atmospheric CO2 levels were much higher due to natural causes. As this handy chart from New Scientist shows, most of these studies have been converging around the same range of answers: Doubling the amount of ...
A review of global wind energy expansion and a climate change
... This capstone would not have been possible without the help of many people. It is also the product of a large measure of serendipitous and fortuitous encounters with people who knowingly or not have changed the course of my academic career. I am genuinely appreciative for the many professors at John ...
... This capstone would not have been possible without the help of many people. It is also the product of a large measure of serendipitous and fortuitous encounters with people who knowingly or not have changed the course of my academic career. I am genuinely appreciative for the many professors at John ...
Including International Forest Carbon Incentives
... Economic models suggest that over the next 20 years, carbon prices of US$10–$302 per metric ton3 of CO2 (tCO2) could generate reductions of 1–4 billion tCO2/year globally through avoided deforestation. The models suggest that this amount could be as much as doubled if other options such as afforesta ...
... Economic models suggest that over the next 20 years, carbon prices of US$10–$302 per metric ton3 of CO2 (tCO2) could generate reductions of 1–4 billion tCO2/year globally through avoided deforestation. The models suggest that this amount could be as much as doubled if other options such as afforesta ...
From Davos to Copenhagen and Beyond
... century are considerable and have featured prominently in recent international policy debatesviii. The IPCCix concluded, with very high confidence, that climate change would impede the ability of many developing nations to make progress on sustainable development by mid‐cent ...
... century are considerable and have featured prominently in recent international policy debatesviii. The IPCCix concluded, with very high confidence, that climate change would impede the ability of many developing nations to make progress on sustainable development by mid‐cent ...
Download report from external website
... The international negotiations on future action on climate change so far have proceeded along a “two-track” approach: the first track was launched in 2005 and the second in 2007. The first track deals with the commitments for the industrialised countries (Annex I Parties) under the Kyoto Protocol fo ...
... The international negotiations on future action on climate change so far have proceeded along a “two-track” approach: the first track was launched in 2005 and the second in 2007. The first track deals with the commitments for the industrialised countries (Annex I Parties) under the Kyoto Protocol fo ...
28 REDD+: What should come next?
... Local and sub-national REDD+ projects exist in 47 countries. Most of these are selfdefined and not part of a national REDD+ strategy as such (Simonet et al. 2014). In an in-depth review of 23 initiatives, de Sassi et al. (2014, p. 421) conclude that most projects have served their explorative roles, ...
... Local and sub-national REDD+ projects exist in 47 countries. Most of these are selfdefined and not part of a national REDD+ strategy as such (Simonet et al. 2014). In an in-depth review of 23 initiatives, de Sassi et al. (2014, p. 421) conclude that most projects have served their explorative roles, ...
Girl Guide Climate Change Challenge Table of Contents
... Idling a vehicle for 10 minutes a day uses an average of 100 litres of gas a year. A recent study suggests that in the middle of winter, Canadians idle their vehicles for a combined total of more than 75 million minutes a day – equal to one vehicle idling for 144 years! With the cold winters in the ...
... Idling a vehicle for 10 minutes a day uses an average of 100 litres of gas a year. A recent study suggests that in the middle of winter, Canadians idle their vehicles for a combined total of more than 75 million minutes a day – equal to one vehicle idling for 144 years! With the cold winters in the ...
References and Index - UN
... act globally: How curbing global warming emissions can improve local public health’, American Journal of Preventative Medicine 35(5): 414–423 Boardman, B. (2007) ‘Examining the carbon agenda via the 40% house scenario’, Building Research & Information 35(4): 363–378 Bodansky, D. (2001) ‘The history ...
... act globally: How curbing global warming emissions can improve local public health’, American Journal of Preventative Medicine 35(5): 414–423 Boardman, B. (2007) ‘Examining the carbon agenda via the 40% house scenario’, Building Research & Information 35(4): 363–378 Bodansky, D. (2001) ‘The history ...
Climate Change and Renewable Energy - Minnesota DNR - MN-dnr
... developing, but many uncertainties remain. In general, precipitation projections are more uncertain than temperature projections. ...
... developing, but many uncertainties remain. In general, precipitation projections are more uncertain than temperature projections. ...
World Heritage and Climate Change
... framework to Australia, the report concludes that Australia is failing to fulfill its obligation under the World Heritage Convention to protect the Great Barrier Reef from the impacts of climate change. Coral reefs are one of the most remarkable and biologically diverse elements of Earth’s natural h ...
... framework to Australia, the report concludes that Australia is failing to fulfill its obligation under the World Heritage Convention to protect the Great Barrier Reef from the impacts of climate change. Coral reefs are one of the most remarkable and biologically diverse elements of Earth’s natural h ...
world heritage and climate change
... framework to Australia, the report concludes that Australia is failing to fulfill its obligation under the World Heritage Convention to protect the Great Barrier Reef from the impacts of climate change. Coral reefs are one of the most remarkable and biologically diverse elements of Earth’s natural h ...
... framework to Australia, the report concludes that Australia is failing to fulfill its obligation under the World Heritage Convention to protect the Great Barrier Reef from the impacts of climate change. Coral reefs are one of the most remarkable and biologically diverse elements of Earth’s natural h ...
Strategy 3 of the National Strategy on Climate Change
... NGOs has provided helpful technical supports. It is hoped that this report will prove useful to the national and international community and increase general awareness of climate change among interested readers. This report describes Thailand’s inventory status for the year 2000 and up to the year 2 ...
... NGOs has provided helpful technical supports. It is hoped that this report will prove useful to the national and international community and increase general awareness of climate change among interested readers. This report describes Thailand’s inventory status for the year 2000 and up to the year 2 ...
Synthesis of Climate Change and Transportation Research Efforts at
... Mitigation is an essential component of climate change research as it targets the cause of anthropogenic climate change—GHG emissions. Climate change mitigation policies aim to reduce sources of GHG emissions or to enhance GHG sinks in order to reduce the magnitude of anthropogenic climate change im ...
... Mitigation is an essential component of climate change research as it targets the cause of anthropogenic climate change—GHG emissions. Climate change mitigation policies aim to reduce sources of GHG emissions or to enhance GHG sinks in order to reduce the magnitude of anthropogenic climate change im ...
Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate
... Revised: 26 September 2016 – Accepted: 27 September 2016 – Published: 31 October 2016 ...
... Revised: 26 September 2016 – Accepted: 27 September 2016 – Published: 31 October 2016 ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.