Public Lecture
... principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. In the Kyoto Protocol, this was interpreted as requiring no specific emission reduction commitments from Developing Countries. At the Copenhagen Conference this was modified in the Accord, which asked non-Annex I countries to make mitigation ...
... principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. In the Kyoto Protocol, this was interpreted as requiring no specific emission reduction commitments from Developing Countries. At the Copenhagen Conference this was modified in the Accord, which asked non-Annex I countries to make mitigation ...
Climate Change Memo 3 - UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs
... important to encourage them to take steps toward reducing GHG emissions and for securing future political support for a climate change bill. A public information campaign should be spearheaded by the White House in coordination with private and nonprofit partners. This campaign should highlight the ...
... important to encourage them to take steps toward reducing GHG emissions and for securing future political support for a climate change bill. A public information campaign should be spearheaded by the White House in coordination with private and nonprofit partners. This campaign should highlight the ...
Russia`s greenhouse gas target 2020
... the innovative scenario had been deemed more likely. In January 2014, the Annual Gaidar Economic Forum15 also demonstrated a far more conservative approach to economic development for the coming decades. The 2013 prognosis is that GHG emissions will reach 75 per cent of the 1990 level by 2020, there ...
... the innovative scenario had been deemed more likely. In January 2014, the Annual Gaidar Economic Forum15 also demonstrated a far more conservative approach to economic development for the coming decades. The 2013 prognosis is that GHG emissions will reach 75 per cent of the 1990 level by 2020, there ...
Effect of Green House Gases and Human Population in Global
... Naturally occurring GHGs contributes a mean warming effect of about 330 C [7]. The major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which cause about 36-70 percent of the greenhouse effect; and ozone, which cause 3-7 percent [8], [9] & [10]. Effects of clouds are also their but ultimately they are building u ...
... Naturally occurring GHGs contributes a mean warming effect of about 330 C [7]. The major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which cause about 36-70 percent of the greenhouse effect; and ozone, which cause 3-7 percent [8], [9] & [10]. Effects of clouds are also their but ultimately they are building u ...
3.1. Greenhouse gases and climate change
... increases, above 1990 levels, of about 2°C by the year 2100. It is unlikely that stable, potentially sustainable, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations will be realised before 2050. An immediate 50-70% reduction in global CO2 emissions would be needed to stabilise global CO2 concentrations at th ...
... increases, above 1990 levels, of about 2°C by the year 2100. It is unlikely that stable, potentially sustainable, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations will be realised before 2050. An immediate 50-70% reduction in global CO2 emissions would be needed to stabilise global CO2 concentrations at th ...
Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Midwest: Michigan
... forests, and land can absorb some of this carbon, but not as fast as we are creating it. As a result, heat-trapping emissions are building up in our atmosphere to levels that could produce severe effects including extreme heat, prolonged droughts, intense storms, corrosive ocean acidification, and d ...
... forests, and land can absorb some of this carbon, but not as fast as we are creating it. As a result, heat-trapping emissions are building up in our atmosphere to levels that could produce severe effects including extreme heat, prolonged droughts, intense storms, corrosive ocean acidification, and d ...
Delaying climate action would be costly for Australia and the
... ‘What additional PaMs [Policies and Measures] are taken into consideration by the Party in light of longer term requirements to substantially lower per capita GHG emissions as recommended by science and thus contribute to the collective achievement of the 2 degree warming limit?’ - Switzerland ‘Coul ...
... ‘What additional PaMs [Policies and Measures] are taken into consideration by the Party in light of longer term requirements to substantially lower per capita GHG emissions as recommended by science and thus contribute to the collective achievement of the 2 degree warming limit?’ - Switzerland ‘Coul ...
Stern Review
... impacts from climate change associated with business-as-usual (BAU) paths for emissions. The scientific evidence on the causes and future paths of climate change is strengthening all the time. In particular, scientists are now able to attach probabilities to the temperature outcomes and impacts on t ...
... impacts from climate change associated with business-as-usual (BAU) paths for emissions. The scientific evidence on the causes and future paths of climate change is strengthening all the time. In particular, scientists are now able to attach probabilities to the temperature outcomes and impacts on t ...
The Economic Case For Divesting From Fossil Fuels
... realized. As this becomes apparent, their asset valuations and revenue guidance may be revealed as currently far too high, and the values of their companies and stocks overvalued. Citing abandonment risk, Bloomberg14 has stated, “Investors in carbon-intensive business could see $6 trillion wasted as ...
... realized. As this becomes apparent, their asset valuations and revenue guidance may be revealed as currently far too high, and the values of their companies and stocks overvalued. Citing abandonment risk, Bloomberg14 has stated, “Investors in carbon-intensive business could see $6 trillion wasted as ...
Himalayan-Tibetan Glaciers and Snowpack System
... freezing, addition of energy goes to warm the surface. Once it reaches freezing temperatures, addition of energy goes to melt the glaciers. The mass balance is governed by evaporation (or sublimation), precipitation and dynamics of glaciers and sub-surface water transport. For the central and the ea ...
... freezing, addition of energy goes to warm the surface. Once it reaches freezing temperatures, addition of energy goes to melt the glaciers. The mass balance is governed by evaporation (or sublimation), precipitation and dynamics of glaciers and sub-surface water transport. For the central and the ea ...
Perverse incentives under the CDM: a comment - Working Paper 53 (757 kB) (opens in new window)
... is costly to itself. A lower discount rate and a larger instantaneous gain from preventing these bad projects would allow the EB to recoup these losses more quickly. These factors effectively enhance the value of having a reputation for being tough, and would hence make the threat to play Withhold mo ...
... is costly to itself. A lower discount rate and a larger instantaneous gain from preventing these bad projects would allow the EB to recoup these losses more quickly. These factors effectively enhance the value of having a reputation for being tough, and would hence make the threat to play Withhold mo ...
Federated States of Micronesia
... The FSM is a non-annex-1 party to the Kyoto Protocol, having submitted its first communication to the UNFCCC in 1997. It is also a member of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) to address global climate change. In February 2014 the FSM accepted the Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, which ...
... The FSM is a non-annex-1 party to the Kyoto Protocol, having submitted its first communication to the UNFCCC in 1997. It is also a member of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) to address global climate change. In February 2014 the FSM accepted the Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, which ...
The Energy-Climate Literacy Imperative: Why Energy Education
... Fortunately, there are excellent resources available for educators to weave climate and energy learning together in ways that are synergistic and complementary. The Next Generation Science Standards include energy and matter as crosscutting themes, and the basics of climate and the environment—and h ...
... Fortunately, there are excellent resources available for educators to weave climate and energy learning together in ways that are synergistic and complementary. The Next Generation Science Standards include energy and matter as crosscutting themes, and the basics of climate and the environment—and h ...
Carbon Capture and Storage
... formations. It may thus be viewed as a bridging technology to a future when energy production will be based on renewable sources. Furthermore, it would have the potential to sustain an existing quality of life by maintaining secure power generation and simultaneously avoiding dramatic climate change ...
... formations. It may thus be viewed as a bridging technology to a future when energy production will be based on renewable sources. Furthermore, it would have the potential to sustain an existing quality of life by maintaining secure power generation and simultaneously avoiding dramatic climate change ...
The European framework for energy and climate policies
... charges. The Commission plans to complete the IEM by 2014—almost a quarter of a century after embarking on the policy. Yet even if all the IEM directives are implemented, the EU will remain far from a single competitive market. The CCP was grounded on short term targets (the 2020-20-20 programme) on ...
... charges. The Commission plans to complete the IEM by 2014—almost a quarter of a century after embarking on the policy. Yet even if all the IEM directives are implemented, the EU will remain far from a single competitive market. The CCP was grounded on short term targets (the 2020-20-20 programme) on ...
ADDRESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: FOCUS ON THE CARIBBEAN
... rising at approxim ately 2 ppm per year. I f the target o f 450 to 550 could be attained it would require em ission to be at least 25 per cent below current levels by 2050. The report estimates that the overall cost and risks o f climate change is a loss o f 5 per cent o f global GDP each year. H ow ...
... rising at approxim ately 2 ppm per year. I f the target o f 450 to 550 could be attained it would require em ission to be at least 25 per cent below current levels by 2050. The report estimates that the overall cost and risks o f climate change is a loss o f 5 per cent o f global GDP each year. H ow ...
first biennial report of the united states of america
... action on climate change puts the United States on a path to reach the ambitious but achievable goal of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. During 2009-2011, average U.S. GHG emissions fell to the lowest level for any three-year period s ...
... action on climate change puts the United States on a path to reach the ambitious but achievable goal of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. During 2009-2011, average U.S. GHG emissions fell to the lowest level for any three-year period s ...
How We Should Be Thinking About Food and Climate
... Presently, methane emissions from rice cultivation constitute about 10% of the total greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, excepting land use change,25 and about 1.5% of total global greenhouse gas emissions.26 Potential to reduce methane emissions from rice cultivation exists primarily through ...
... Presently, methane emissions from rice cultivation constitute about 10% of the total greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, excepting land use change,25 and about 1.5% of total global greenhouse gas emissions.26 Potential to reduce methane emissions from rice cultivation exists primarily through ...
Ghana`s intended nationally determined contribution (INDC)
... – GSGDA 2), the anticipated 40-year socio-economic transformational plan and the universal sustainable development goals. In all, 20 mitigation and 11 adaptation programme of actions1 in 7 priority economic sectors are being proposed for implementation in the 10year period (2020-2030). The implement ...
... – GSGDA 2), the anticipated 40-year socio-economic transformational plan and the universal sustainable development goals. In all, 20 mitigation and 11 adaptation programme of actions1 in 7 priority economic sectors are being proposed for implementation in the 10year period (2020-2030). The implement ...
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - Air Pollution Control
... Natural fluctuations in solar output (solar cycles) can cause changes in the energy balance (through fluctuations in the amount of incoming SWR). Human activity changes the emissions of gases and aerosols, which are involved in atmospheric chemical reactions, resulting in modified O3 and aerosol amo ...
... Natural fluctuations in solar output (solar cycles) can cause changes in the energy balance (through fluctuations in the amount of incoming SWR). Human activity changes the emissions of gases and aerosols, which are involved in atmospheric chemical reactions, resulting in modified O3 and aerosol amo ...
Possible impact of climate change on India
... The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic inte ...
... The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic inte ...
Tropical Forests and Climate Policy
... per hectare. Compensating landowners to keep their land in these reductions are not simply forests instead of creating pastures could be done at relatively low traded off against less emission carbon prices (16). reductions from fossil fuels. Beyond protecting the cliare promising examples of countr ...
... per hectare. Compensating landowners to keep their land in these reductions are not simply forests instead of creating pastures could be done at relatively low traded off against less emission carbon prices (16). reductions from fossil fuels. Beyond protecting the cliare promising examples of countr ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.