Climate Change and International Economic Law
... economic law. Indeed, as Suzanne A. Spears notes, the question of ―how to strike a balance between principles regarding the protection and promotion of foreign investment on the one hand and principles regarding the protection of society and the environment on the other‖12 is ―[o]ne of the most impo ...
... economic law. Indeed, as Suzanne A. Spears notes, the question of ―how to strike a balance between principles regarding the protection and promotion of foreign investment on the one hand and principles regarding the protection of society and the environment on the other‖12 is ―[o]ne of the most impo ...
Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering
... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established in 1992. Signed by 194 countries and ratified by 189, including the United States, it came into force in 1994. It says in part, ‘‘The ultimate objective of this Convention . . . is to achieve . . . stabilization of gr ...
... The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established in 1992. Signed by 194 countries and ratified by 189, including the United States, it came into force in 1994. It says in part, ‘‘The ultimate objective of this Convention . . . is to achieve . . . stabilization of gr ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability
... complement climate-change mitigation, and both have to be central to an integrated strategy to reduce risks and impacts of climate change. Most of the discussion on climate change has focused on mitigation measures, for example the Kyoto Protocol. Not much attention has been given to climatechange a ...
... complement climate-change mitigation, and both have to be central to an integrated strategy to reduce risks and impacts of climate change. Most of the discussion on climate change has focused on mitigation measures, for example the Kyoto Protocol. Not much attention has been given to climatechange a ...
climate change document
... Ecosystems around the world already are reacting as plant and animal species struggle to adapt to a shifting climate. ...
... Ecosystems around the world already are reacting as plant and animal species struggle to adapt to a shifting climate. ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
Climate Scientists Respond
... Table of Contents Organization of Material............................................................................................................................... 3 Assertion 1 and Responses...................................................................................................... ...
... Table of Contents Organization of Material............................................................................................................................... 3 Assertion 1 and Responses...................................................................................................... ...
IPCC 5-2014 WG-2 Summary.pdf
... Human interference with the climate system is occurring,1 and climate change poses risks for human and natural systems (Figure SPM.1). The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5) evaluates how patterns ...
... Human interference with the climate system is occurring,1 and climate change poses risks for human and natural systems (Figure SPM.1). The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5) evaluates how patterns ...
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
... Human interference with the climate system is occurring,1 and climate change poses risks for human and natural systems (Figure SPM.1). The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5) evaluates how patterns ...
... Human interference with the climate system is occurring,1 and climate change poses risks for human and natural systems (Figure SPM.1). The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5) evaluates how patterns ...
The Cost of Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa
... Framework Convention on Climate Change, to support adaptation in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to climate change – nor should this cost-effectiveness be taken to mean that efforts to cut emissions can be reduced. The potential benefits of adaptation spending need not be under ...
... Framework Convention on Climate Change, to support adaptation in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to climate change – nor should this cost-effectiveness be taken to mean that efforts to cut emissions can be reduced. The potential benefits of adaptation spending need not be under ...
Technical note on science- based targets
... The steps that the SBTi takes to validate a target, specifically for 2017 CDP scoring, are outlined below. Please note that companies have an opportunity to provide clarifications or minor pieces of missing information, but within a limited timeframe. 1. Initial screening: A member of the SBTi team ...
... The steps that the SBTi takes to validate a target, specifically for 2017 CDP scoring, are outlined below. Please note that companies have an opportunity to provide clarifications or minor pieces of missing information, but within a limited timeframe. 1. Initial screening: A member of the SBTi team ...
C - UBC Blogs
... Adaptation within existing priorities • Basic needs of the community are not being met. Their priorities are: employment, housing, health and education. ...
... Adaptation within existing priorities • Basic needs of the community are not being met. Their priorities are: employment, housing, health and education. ...
Chapter 19
... Godrej, Dinyar. 2006. The No-Nonsense Guide to Climate Change. 2nd ed., Niagra Falls, N. Y.: New Internationalist. Goldman, Erica. 2002. “Even in the High Arctic, Nothing is Permanent.” Science, vol. 297, 1493. Gore, Al. 2006. An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What ...
... Godrej, Dinyar. 2006. The No-Nonsense Guide to Climate Change. 2nd ed., Niagra Falls, N. Y.: New Internationalist. Goldman, Erica. 2002. “Even in the High Arctic, Nothing is Permanent.” Science, vol. 297, 1493. Gore, Al. 2006. An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What ...
early human health effects of climate change and stratospheric
... yields). Some health effects may become evident within the coming decade; others would take longer. Furthermore, failure to reduce fossil fuel combustion (as the principal means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions) will result directly in a continuing (and increasing) avoidable burden of mortality ...
... yields). Some health effects may become evident within the coming decade; others would take longer. Furthermore, failure to reduce fossil fuel combustion (as the principal means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions) will result directly in a continuing (and increasing) avoidable burden of mortality ...
T M Global Climate Change, Human Security, and Democracy Overview of Core Issues
... Ecosystems are components of biodiversity; and species and their diversity are essential components within ecosystems. Each species, and therefore biodiversity, has a fundamental role in the provision of ecosystem services (see Appendix 1). The loss of biodiversity will lead to a change in the servi ...
... Ecosystems are components of biodiversity; and species and their diversity are essential components within ecosystems. Each species, and therefore biodiversity, has a fundamental role in the provision of ecosystem services (see Appendix 1). The loss of biodiversity will lead to a change in the servi ...
Land use planning tools for local adaptation to climate change
... wildfires. A changing climate magnifies all these risks. In 2008, Elkford, with support of the Columbia Basin Trust, a provincial crown corporation, developed a local adaptation strategy to assess the risks posed by climate change and identify corresponding adaptation actions. The Adaptation Strateg ...
... wildfires. A changing climate magnifies all these risks. In 2008, Elkford, with support of the Columbia Basin Trust, a provincial crown corporation, developed a local adaptation strategy to assess the risks posed by climate change and identify corresponding adaptation actions. The Adaptation Strateg ...
A Question of Balance - Yale Economics
... equations. The actual equations of the model are presented in the Appendix. Chapter 4 describes the alternative policies that are analyzed in the computer runs. These include everything from the current Kyoto Protocol to an idealized perfectly efficient or “optimal” economic approach. Chapter 5 prese ...
... equations. The actual equations of the model are presented in the Appendix. Chapter 4 describes the alternative policies that are analyzed in the computer runs. These include everything from the current Kyoto Protocol to an idealized perfectly efficient or “optimal” economic approach. Chapter 5 prese ...
Financing Climate Policies through Climate Bonds
... agents are reimbursed for their eort by the issuance of green bonds. Sovereign debt may rise as environmental and climate eects are reduced to a sustainable level. Finally, in the third stage, the future generation pays back the bonds through an income tax. The latter generation does not experienc ...
... agents are reimbursed for their eort by the issuance of green bonds. Sovereign debt may rise as environmental and climate eects are reduced to a sustainable level. Finally, in the third stage, the future generation pays back the bonds through an income tax. The latter generation does not experienc ...
Stakeholder mapping report - final version
... operations are targeted at issues related to climate change adaptation. Working groups are identified in order to highlight particular units, often within these same organisations, whose direct function is to provide guidance and direction on adaptation or related activities. The stakeholders descri ...
... operations are targeted at issues related to climate change adaptation. Working groups are identified in order to highlight particular units, often within these same organisations, whose direct function is to provide guidance and direction on adaptation or related activities. The stakeholders descri ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON REPORTING GREENHOUSE GAS
... assessing Canada’s overall environmental per- ...
... assessing Canada’s overall environmental per- ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty (currently the only international climate policy venue with broad legitimacy, due in part to its virtually universal membership) negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. The objective of the treaty is to ""stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"".The treaty itself set no binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and contains no enforcement mechanisms. In that sense, the treaty is considered legally non-binding. Instead, the treaty provides a framework for negotiating specific international treaties (called ""protocols"") that may set binding limits on greenhouse gases.The UNFCCC was adopted on 9 May 1992, and opened for signature on 4 June 1992, after an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee produced the text of the Framework Convention as a report following its meeting in New York from 30 April to 9 May 1992. It entered into force on 21 March 1994. As of March 2014, UNFCCC has 196 parties.The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The 2010 Cancún agreements state that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. The 20th COP took place in Peru in 2014.One of the first tasks set by the UNFCCC was for signatory nations to establish national greenhouse gas inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals, which were used to create the 1990 benchmark levels for accession of Annex I countries to the Kyoto Protocol and for the commitment of those countries to GHG reductions. Updated inventories must be regularly submitted by Annex I countries.The UNFCCC is also the name of the United Nations Secretariat charged with supporting the operation of the Convention, with offices in Haus Carstanjen, and UN Campus [known as: Langer Eugen] Bonn, Germany. From 2006 to 2010 the head of the secretariat was Yvo de Boer. On 17 May 2010, Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica succeeded de Boer. The Secretariat, augmented through the parallel efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), aims to gain consensus through meetings and the discussion of various strategies.