12_Lecture
... created in the liver provide an excess of reactants that create excess pyruvate and acetyl CoA that, if not required for energy by the cells, is converted to fat. ...
... created in the liver provide an excess of reactants that create excess pyruvate and acetyl CoA that, if not required for energy by the cells, is converted to fat. ...
Representations of 3D Structures
... A simulated annealing trajectory over the first few picoseconds ...
... A simulated annealing trajectory over the first few picoseconds ...
Probing peroxisomal β-oxidation and the labelling of acetyl
... acetyl-CoA is not homogeneous [23,24]. However, to our knowledge of the literature, this is the first demonstration of the influence of the concentration of a labelled acetyl-CoA precursor on the labelling homogeneity of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. Our data thus show that the labelling of the C1 + 2 f ...
... acetyl-CoA is not homogeneous [23,24]. However, to our knowledge of the literature, this is the first demonstration of the influence of the concentration of a labelled acetyl-CoA precursor on the labelling homogeneity of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. Our data thus show that the labelling of the C1 + 2 f ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
... • The most important function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to reduce two molecules of NADP+ to NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) for each glucose-6-phosphate that is oxidatively decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate. • NADPH is functionally similar to NAD+ however, NADPH is ...
... • The most important function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to reduce two molecules of NADP+ to NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) for each glucose-6-phosphate that is oxidatively decarboxylated to ribulose-5-phosphate. • NADPH is functionally similar to NAD+ however, NADPH is ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration (working)
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn • Remember – Two turns take place for each 1 molecule of glucose, therefore a total of 2ATP, 6 NA ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn • Remember – Two turns take place for each 1 molecule of glucose, therefore a total of 2ATP, 6 NA ...
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than
... the substrate for the next round of elongation as it binds the thiol-group of the cysteine at the catalytic site of KS. The elongation ceases at the 16- or 18-carbon stage (Foster & Bloom, 1963; Carey, Dils & Hansen, 1970) with release of palmitic acid or stearic acid from ACP via activity of the th ...
... the substrate for the next round of elongation as it binds the thiol-group of the cysteine at the catalytic site of KS. The elongation ceases at the 16- or 18-carbon stage (Foster & Bloom, 1963; Carey, Dils & Hansen, 1970) with release of palmitic acid or stearic acid from ACP via activity of the th ...
Enzymes
... Polysaccharaides: These are carbohydrates made up of many sugar units synthesized into long chains called polymers. The units may be the same, or they may be different. Examples: starches, cellulose etc. ...
... Polysaccharaides: These are carbohydrates made up of many sugar units synthesized into long chains called polymers. The units may be the same, or they may be different. Examples: starches, cellulose etc. ...
Pyropheophytin a accompanies pheophytin a in darkened light
... Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer Concentration . 1050 Actin Polymerization Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer concentration ...
... Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer Concentration . 1050 Actin Polymerization Cytochalasin B-Induced ATPase Activity of Actin: Dependence on Monomer concentration ...
fates of pyruvate
... FATES OF PYRUVATE -Depends upon presence or absence of O2 - Anaerobic conditions: 1)alcohol fermentation – pyruvate converted to ethyl alcohol 2)lactic acid fermentation - pyruvate converted to lactic acid (cheese, yogurt) - Aerobic conditions: Pyruvate enter the mitochondria where it is completel ...
... FATES OF PYRUVATE -Depends upon presence or absence of O2 - Anaerobic conditions: 1)alcohol fermentation – pyruvate converted to ethyl alcohol 2)lactic acid fermentation - pyruvate converted to lactic acid (cheese, yogurt) - Aerobic conditions: Pyruvate enter the mitochondria where it is completel ...
citric acid metabolism in lactic bacteria and
... facilitates the rapid adaptation of the bacteria, so they need less citric acid after inoculation. More importantly, the diacetyl produced during MLF may be immediately reduced via the diacetyl reductase activity of the yeast in the medium. As a result, the final diacetyl content of the wine may be ...
... facilitates the rapid adaptation of the bacteria, so they need less citric acid after inoculation. More importantly, the diacetyl produced during MLF may be immediately reduced via the diacetyl reductase activity of the yeast in the medium. As a result, the final diacetyl content of the wine may be ...
Document
... made of cellulose microfibrils, which is consisted of about 36 chains of cellulose, a polymer of b(14)glucose. ...
... made of cellulose microfibrils, which is consisted of about 36 chains of cellulose, a polymer of b(14)glucose. ...
CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS
... The process has five major steps: (1) Acetyl - CoA’s are converted to 3-hydroxy-3methyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is converted to mevalonate (3) Mevalonate is converted to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), with the concomitant loss of ...
... The process has five major steps: (1) Acetyl - CoA’s are converted to 3-hydroxy-3methyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is converted to mevalonate (3) Mevalonate is converted to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), with the concomitant loss of ...
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Fermentations
... Pyruvate is a major source of carbon for building cell structures. If it is plentiful, then more of it can be diverted into side reactions producing flavor compounds such as diacetyl. Citrate is a source of pyruvate in milk (milk contains about ...
... Pyruvate is a major source of carbon for building cell structures. If it is plentiful, then more of it can be diverted into side reactions producing flavor compounds such as diacetyl. Citrate is a source of pyruvate in milk (milk contains about ...
Document
... Code is degenerate. 18 of 20 amino acids are coded by more than one codon. Met and Trp are the only exceptions. Many amino acids are four-fold degenerate at the third position. ...
... Code is degenerate. 18 of 20 amino acids are coded by more than one codon. Met and Trp are the only exceptions. Many amino acids are four-fold degenerate at the third position. ...
Metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane
... was found to be completely normal in these knockouts, it was concluded that the defect occurs upstream of the β-oxidation process, presumably at the level of fatty acid import. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways for the import of fatty acids: (i) a Pxa1p/Pxa2p-inde ...
... was found to be completely normal in these knockouts, it was concluded that the defect occurs upstream of the β-oxidation process, presumably at the level of fatty acid import. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways for the import of fatty acids: (i) a Pxa1p/Pxa2p-inde ...
Chapter 19
... accompanied by an accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion, which in turn creates osmotic pressure; the protons driven back to the mitochondrion under this pressure generate ATP. • The energy-releasing oxidations give rise to proton pumping and a pH gradient is created ...
... accompanied by an accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion, which in turn creates osmotic pressure; the protons driven back to the mitochondrion under this pressure generate ATP. • The energy-releasing oxidations give rise to proton pumping and a pH gradient is created ...
Gluconeogensis
... glucose Glucogenic = amino acids that can be converted into glucose (most AA’s) Ketogenic = amino acids that can only be converted into ketone (Lysine & Leucine) Citric Acid Cylce Diagram (S35) Why can’t you convert fatty acids to glucose? i. Acety-CoA has 2 carbons that come in and 2 that go out so ...
... glucose Glucogenic = amino acids that can be converted into glucose (most AA’s) Ketogenic = amino acids that can only be converted into ketone (Lysine & Leucine) Citric Acid Cylce Diagram (S35) Why can’t you convert fatty acids to glucose? i. Acety-CoA has 2 carbons that come in and 2 that go out so ...
Bioenergetics
... • Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, Pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters the Krebs cycle ...
... • Recall: If oxygen is present in sufficient quantities, the end product of glycolysis, Pyruvate, is not converted to lactate but is transported to the mitochondria, where it is taken up and enters the Krebs cycle ...
The multicomponent condensation of an aryl
... Introduction Multi-component reactions (MCRs) have emerged as one of the most useful synthetic transformations in organic synthesis because of their wide applications in pharmaceutical chemistry for production of structural scaffolds and combinatorial libraries for drug discovery. They are preferred ...
... Introduction Multi-component reactions (MCRs) have emerged as one of the most useful synthetic transformations in organic synthesis because of their wide applications in pharmaceutical chemistry for production of structural scaffolds and combinatorial libraries for drug discovery. They are preferred ...
Alkaptonuria and Aspergillus nidulans
... particularly nose bleeds. Jaundice may or may not be prominent. Despite vigorous therapy, death from hepatic failure frequently occurs between three and nine months of age unless a liver transplantation is performed. ...
... particularly nose bleeds. Jaundice may or may not be prominent. Despite vigorous therapy, death from hepatic failure frequently occurs between three and nine months of age unless a liver transplantation is performed. ...
Free amino acids as phagostimulants in cricket nuptial gifts: support
... virgin female and were observed for up to 30 min. The spermatophylax was removed immediately from the mated female using watchmaker’s forceps and weighed to the nearest 0.01 mg using an electrobalance. The spermatophylaces were then freeze-dried and re-weighed. The carbon and nitrogen content of 10 ...
... virgin female and were observed for up to 30 min. The spermatophylax was removed immediately from the mated female using watchmaker’s forceps and weighed to the nearest 0.01 mg using an electrobalance. The spermatophylaces were then freeze-dried and re-weighed. The carbon and nitrogen content of 10 ...
p Research Article NAGARAJA NAIK*, H. VIJAY KUMAR, ANITHA
... possess strong antioxidant activities as radical scavengers against reactive oxygen species16-19 and to have considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activities 20-21 . Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested to play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and as a consequen ...
... possess strong antioxidant activities as radical scavengers against reactive oxygen species16-19 and to have considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activities 20-21 . Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested to play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and as a consequen ...
IPHY 3430 1-11-11 If you missed class on Tuesday, please pick up
... For each NADH, 3 ATPs are formed. For each FADH2, 2 ATPs are formed. ...
... For each NADH, 3 ATPs are formed. For each FADH2, 2 ATPs are formed. ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.