Structure of the enzyme-acyl carrier protein (ACP) substrate
... Å from the pimeloyl carboxylate carbon atom, which would be the site of nucleophilic addition (Fig. S3). The ACP molecule adopts the well-described four-helix bundle structure with a hydrophobic core described in prior studies of ACP (8–10). The second helix of the ACP helical bundle (ACP-α2) lies d ...
... Å from the pimeloyl carboxylate carbon atom, which would be the site of nucleophilic addition (Fig. S3). The ACP molecule adopts the well-described four-helix bundle structure with a hydrophobic core described in prior studies of ACP (8–10). The second helix of the ACP helical bundle (ACP-α2) lies d ...
CHAPTER 6
... • Recall that vigorous exercise can lead to a buildup of pyruvate and NADH, due to oxygen shortage and the need for more glycolysis • NADH can be reoxidized during the reduction of pyruvate to lactate • Lactate is then returned to the liver, where it can be reoxidized to pyruvate by liver LDH • Live ...
... • Recall that vigorous exercise can lead to a buildup of pyruvate and NADH, due to oxygen shortage and the need for more glycolysis • NADH can be reoxidized during the reduction of pyruvate to lactate • Lactate is then returned to the liver, where it can be reoxidized to pyruvate by liver LDH • Live ...
Structure and Function of Amino Acid Ammonia
... Gly /Ala /Ser /Gly /Asp /Leu /Ala /Pro/Leu (conserved amino acid residues are shown underlined) was highly conserved in most of HAL and PAL (Poppe, 2001). Since Ser202 in Parsley PAL was considered to be the precursor of the prosthetic group (Schuster and Rétey, 1995), the Ser was changed t ...
... Gly /Ala /Ser /Gly /Asp /Leu /Ala /Pro/Leu (conserved amino acid residues are shown underlined) was highly conserved in most of HAL and PAL (Poppe, 2001). Since Ser202 in Parsley PAL was considered to be the precursor of the prosthetic group (Schuster and Rétey, 1995), the Ser was changed t ...
Fig. 4 - Cambridge University Press
... In mice, hepatic functions can be greatly affected by dietary trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, this phenomenon has been less documented in hamsters. In the present study, male hamsters were fed two doses of the trans-10, cis-12-CLA (0·5 and 1 %, w/w diet) or linoleic acid (0 ...
... In mice, hepatic functions can be greatly affected by dietary trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, this phenomenon has been less documented in hamsters. In the present study, male hamsters were fed two doses of the trans-10, cis-12-CLA (0·5 and 1 %, w/w diet) or linoleic acid (0 ...
General and Organic Chemistry: Theory content HT 2016
... Key concepts: Carbon and hydrogen isotopes. Decay by , -, +, electron capture. Radiation, , , , X-ray. Radioactive decay law, units of radioactivity. Synthetic routes for the incorporation of H-and C-isotopes. Measurement methods incl. GM tubes, liquid scintillation counter in detail. Efficien ...
... Key concepts: Carbon and hydrogen isotopes. Decay by , -, +, electron capture. Radiation, , , , X-ray. Radioactive decay law, units of radioactivity. Synthetic routes for the incorporation of H-and C-isotopes. Measurement methods incl. GM tubes, liquid scintillation counter in detail. Efficien ...
A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the
... externalized peptide loops connecting a-helices and psheets, referred to as variable regions (VRs) which may vary in length from a single residue to 151 residues as in Lactococcus lactis S K l l cell wall protease (Estell et al., 1985). The structural non-equivalence of these loops may result from a ...
... externalized peptide loops connecting a-helices and psheets, referred to as variable regions (VRs) which may vary in length from a single residue to 151 residues as in Lactococcus lactis S K l l cell wall protease (Estell et al., 1985). The structural non-equivalence of these loops may result from a ...
The Hypothesis that the Genetic Code Originated in Coupled
... acid [31], and in biology ester bonds in poly(β-L-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHBA) are formed from β-L-hydroxybutyryl-CoA [32]. Therefore, an energy flux in primitive cells producing thioester bonds could have led to formation of ester and amide linked polymers in a simple system. 6. Energy Transduction ...
... acid [31], and in biology ester bonds in poly(β-L-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHBA) are formed from β-L-hydroxybutyryl-CoA [32]. Therefore, an energy flux in primitive cells producing thioester bonds could have led to formation of ester and amide linked polymers in a simple system. 6. Energy Transduction ...
Cholesterol, steroids, and related molecules
... LDL receptor. This regulation is mediated by the transcription factor, SREBP (sterol response element binding protein). SREBP is produced as a membrane-bound protein attached to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell via a second protein, SCAP. In cholesterol-starved cells SREBP:SCAP is transported ...
... LDL receptor. This regulation is mediated by the transcription factor, SREBP (sterol response element binding protein). SREBP is produced as a membrane-bound protein attached to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell via a second protein, SCAP. In cholesterol-starved cells SREBP:SCAP is transported ...
Citric Acid Cycle Review Activity Goals
... Imagine yourself small enough to ride alongside a molecule of glucose that has just been broken down in glycolysis into two pyruvates. Then, each pyruvate crosses the mitochondrial membrane and something goes wrong because you were sitting on the surface of the pyruvate molecule as it entered the mi ...
... Imagine yourself small enough to ride alongside a molecule of glucose that has just been broken down in glycolysis into two pyruvates. Then, each pyruvate crosses the mitochondrial membrane and something goes wrong because you were sitting on the surface of the pyruvate molecule as it entered the mi ...
Metabolismo dos aminoácidos e proteínas. II. Anabolismo
... simples, a partir de precursores que estão normalmente presentes em todas as células. A deficiência em um ou mais aminoácidos essenciais na dieta de um organismo origina, tipicamente, ...
... simples, a partir de precursores que estão normalmente presentes em todas as células. A deficiência em um ou mais aminoácidos essenciais na dieta de um organismo origina, tipicamente, ...
1 - Humble ISD
... 90. The link reaction produces Acetyl CoA (2C) from the input substrate (usually pyruvate). The extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecule ...
... 90. The link reaction produces Acetyl CoA (2C) from the input substrate (usually pyruvate). The extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecule ...
A defined growth medium for Clostridium difficile
... acids and vitamins Growth of all five test strains reached maximum after an incubation period of 20-22 h in BDM and m-BHI. The maximum OD,,, values were 0-80-0-88 in BDM and 0.73-0.84 in m-BHI. T o identify amino acid requirements for good growth of the five strains, experiments were performed using ...
... acids and vitamins Growth of all five test strains reached maximum after an incubation period of 20-22 h in BDM and m-BHI. The maximum OD,,, values were 0-80-0-88 in BDM and 0.73-0.84 in m-BHI. T o identify amino acid requirements for good growth of the five strains, experiments were performed using ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLE
... The TB-specific drugs isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH)) and ethionamide (Figure 1) have been shown to target the synthesis of these mycolic acids, which are central constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. The biosynthesis of mycolic acids is achieved by the FAS in M. tuberculosis. U ...
... The TB-specific drugs isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH)) and ethionamide (Figure 1) have been shown to target the synthesis of these mycolic acids, which are central constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall. The biosynthesis of mycolic acids is achieved by the FAS in M. tuberculosis. U ...
Metabolism of pentoses, glycogen, Fru and Gal
... • Reduction of oxidized glutathione • Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ...
... • Reduction of oxidized glutathione • Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ...
Lecture 22-Lutz
... 4. Prostaglandins are involved in several other organs -regulate salt and fluid balance in body -increase blood flow in kidneys -increase secretion of protective mucus in GI tract -inhibit acid synthesis in GI tract -leukotrienes, related molecules, promote constriction of bronchi associated with as ...
... 4. Prostaglandins are involved in several other organs -regulate salt and fluid balance in body -increase blood flow in kidneys -increase secretion of protective mucus in GI tract -inhibit acid synthesis in GI tract -leukotrienes, related molecules, promote constriction of bronchi associated with as ...
Module 3 Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids
... D. All of the above E. None of the above 17. ATP is a cosubstrate of the enzyme PFK-1. In most species ATP is also an inhibitor of PFK-1 at higher concentrations. This seems to violate Le Chatelier's Principle. Which statement below would provide a suitable explanation? A. PFK-1 must be phosphorylat ...
... D. All of the above E. None of the above 17. ATP is a cosubstrate of the enzyme PFK-1. In most species ATP is also an inhibitor of PFK-1 at higher concentrations. This seems to violate Le Chatelier's Principle. Which statement below would provide a suitable explanation? A. PFK-1 must be phosphorylat ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... intermediate. – It can also be converted into glycogen or it can be oxidized by the pentose phosphate pathway to form NADPH. ...
... intermediate. – It can also be converted into glycogen or it can be oxidized by the pentose phosphate pathway to form NADPH. ...
Inhibition by D-Glutamate of Growth and Glutamate
... a potent growth inhibitor for the two Neurospora crassa strains studied, and its inhibition was easily annulled by L-glu or glutamine at 2-5times smaller molar concentrations. Although cell-free preparations showed no glutaminase activity, it is not certain that the glutamine itself, and not some en ...
... a potent growth inhibitor for the two Neurospora crassa strains studied, and its inhibition was easily annulled by L-glu or glutamine at 2-5times smaller molar concentrations. Although cell-free preparations showed no glutaminase activity, it is not certain that the glutamine itself, and not some en ...
16. Energy Metabolism
... Glycogen stored in the liver is used primarily to provide glucose to the blood for distribution to tissues that require it for energy metabolism. However, some glucose 1-phosphate derived from glycogen by glycogenolysis is directed into the glycolytic pathway and completely oxidized in the tricarbox ...
... Glycogen stored in the liver is used primarily to provide glucose to the blood for distribution to tissues that require it for energy metabolism. However, some glucose 1-phosphate derived from glycogen by glycogenolysis is directed into the glycolytic pathway and completely oxidized in the tricarbox ...
capitolo 1 - Structural Biology
... criterion for classification it changes the class to which the amino acids belong. Tryptophan and arginine for example, belong to different classes if the parameter is the polarity, but belong to the same class if the classification criterion is the size of side chain. The comparison of the sequence ...
... criterion for classification it changes the class to which the amino acids belong. Tryptophan and arginine for example, belong to different classes if the parameter is the polarity, but belong to the same class if the classification criterion is the size of side chain. The comparison of the sequence ...
Nucleotides
... Thioredoxin contains two cysteine residues separated by two amino acids in the peptide chain. The two –SH groups of thioredoxin donate their H atoms to the enzyme, in the process forming S-S bond. ...
... Thioredoxin contains two cysteine residues separated by two amino acids in the peptide chain. The two –SH groups of thioredoxin donate their H atoms to the enzyme, in the process forming S-S bond. ...
capitolo 1 - Structural Biology
... criterion for classification it changes the class to which the amino acids belong. Tryptophan and arginine for example, belong to different classes if the parameter is the polarity, but belong to the same class if the classification criterion is the size of side chain. The comparison of the sequence ...
... criterion for classification it changes the class to which the amino acids belong. Tryptophan and arginine for example, belong to different classes if the parameter is the polarity, but belong to the same class if the classification criterion is the size of side chain. The comparison of the sequence ...
Inhibition by D-Glutamate of Growth and Glutamate
... a potent growth inhibitor for the two Neurospora crassa strains studied, and its inhibition was easily annulled by L-glu or glutamine at 2-5times smaller molar concentrations. Although cell-free preparations showed no glutaminase activity, it is not certain that the glutamine itself, and not some en ...
... a potent growth inhibitor for the two Neurospora crassa strains studied, and its inhibition was easily annulled by L-glu or glutamine at 2-5times smaller molar concentrations. Although cell-free preparations showed no glutaminase activity, it is not certain that the glutamine itself, and not some en ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.