TCA Cycle Handout 1
... The Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle, is a fundamental metabolic pathway involving eight enzymes essential for energy production through aerobic respiration, and, like glycolysis, arose early in evolution. This pathway is also an important source of biosynthetic building blocks used in ...
... The Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle, is a fundamental metabolic pathway involving eight enzymes essential for energy production through aerobic respiration, and, like glycolysis, arose early in evolution. This pathway is also an important source of biosynthetic building blocks used in ...
Chapter 5 - Scranton Prep Biology
... catalysts, enzymatic proteins selectively speed up the chemical reactionsof a cell. Polypeptiiles A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids. A protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific three-dimensional shape or conformation. Amino acids are composed of an asymmetric ...
... catalysts, enzymatic proteins selectively speed up the chemical reactionsof a cell. Polypeptiiles A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids. A protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific three-dimensional shape or conformation. Amino acids are composed of an asymmetric ...
Lipid metabolism
... cross the inner mitochondrial membrane without the aid of carnitine. Once enter mitochondria, they are activated into their acyl CoA. Steps of β- oxidation: See figure Energy yield from β- oxidation: Each β- oxidation cycle yields: one NADH+H+ (which give 3 ATP via respiratory chain) one FADH2 (whic ...
... cross the inner mitochondrial membrane without the aid of carnitine. Once enter mitochondria, they are activated into their acyl CoA. Steps of β- oxidation: See figure Energy yield from β- oxidation: Each β- oxidation cycle yields: one NADH+H+ (which give 3 ATP via respiratory chain) one FADH2 (whic ...
a new equation for calculating the number of atp molecules
... This kind of work also applies on the work done by chromosomes and flagella to carry out their many different functions and (iii) chemical work in which the energy stored in ATP molecules is utilized to synthesize several thousands of macromolecules that the cell needs for its survival.[4-11] ATP bi ...
... This kind of work also applies on the work done by chromosomes and flagella to carry out their many different functions and (iii) chemical work in which the energy stored in ATP molecules is utilized to synthesize several thousands of macromolecules that the cell needs for its survival.[4-11] ATP bi ...
Answers set 7
... Citrate (C) + HSCoA(C) + ATP(C) → acetyl-CoA(C) + oxaloacetate (C) + ADP(C) + Pi(C) malate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic) Oxaloacetate (C) + NADH(C) + H+ → malate (C) + NAD +(C) For malate translocation, see above malate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial) malate (M) + NAD +(M) → oxaloacetate (M) + NADH(M) + ...
... Citrate (C) + HSCoA(C) + ATP(C) → acetyl-CoA(C) + oxaloacetate (C) + ADP(C) + Pi(C) malate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic) Oxaloacetate (C) + NADH(C) + H+ → malate (C) + NAD +(C) For malate translocation, see above malate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial) malate (M) + NAD +(M) → oxaloacetate (M) + NADH(M) + ...
Phospholipid Ester-linked Fatty Acid Biomarkers of
... or of dimethyl disulphide derivatives (Dunkelblum et al., 1985). Determination offatty acid cyclopropylposition. This procedure was modified from McCloskey & Law (19671, and Kaneshiro & Marr (1961). Cyclopropyl FAME (approximately 5 mg) were hydrogenated in the presence of PtOz (2 mg) and glacial ac ...
... or of dimethyl disulphide derivatives (Dunkelblum et al., 1985). Determination offatty acid cyclopropylposition. This procedure was modified from McCloskey & Law (19671, and Kaneshiro & Marr (1961). Cyclopropyl FAME (approximately 5 mg) were hydrogenated in the presence of PtOz (2 mg) and glacial ac ...
Chapter 18
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
Polymers and Amino Acids
... Hydrolysis of peptide bonds A peptide bond can be split by refluxing with hydrochloric acid. During hydrolysis, the water molecule adds across the peptide bond, forming a mixture of the two amino acids. ...
... Hydrolysis of peptide bonds A peptide bond can be split by refluxing with hydrochloric acid. During hydrolysis, the water molecule adds across the peptide bond, forming a mixture of the two amino acids. ...
Word
... The cell uses the same pool of HMG-CoA for cholesterol and ketone body synthesis Cholesterol esterification increases its polarity making it more water soluble Low density lipoproteins are called bad cholesterol because they can esterify cholesterol ...
... The cell uses the same pool of HMG-CoA for cholesterol and ketone body synthesis Cholesterol esterification increases its polarity making it more water soluble Low density lipoproteins are called bad cholesterol because they can esterify cholesterol ...
Unit 2
... 3. To predict pH values qualitatively for salt solutions based on the acids and bases that could have produced them. 4. To calculate pH for pure salt solutions for monoprotic acid and base conjugates, and for the first salt of a polyprotic acid. 5. To relate salt solution pH values to titration curv ...
... 3. To predict pH values qualitatively for salt solutions based on the acids and bases that could have produced them. 4. To calculate pH for pure salt solutions for monoprotic acid and base conjugates, and for the first salt of a polyprotic acid. 5. To relate salt solution pH values to titration curv ...
Theory21_30
... Use the following information to answer Questions 28-29 The following enzymes (A-E) are all involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose: ...
... Use the following information to answer Questions 28-29 The following enzymes (A-E) are all involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose: ...
Metabolism
... Liver: protein/amino acid metabolism • Liver absorbs the majority of dietary amino acids. • These amino acids are primarily used for ...
... Liver: protein/amino acid metabolism • Liver absorbs the majority of dietary amino acids. • These amino acids are primarily used for ...
End of Chapter 18 Questions
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
Amino acid lecture(1) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
... transformation: Arginine – deamination occurs after transfomation to ornithin, lysine – transamination follows the transformation to α-aminoadipate, methionine – deamination of homoserine, proline – deamination after conversion to glutamate, tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alani ...
... transformation: Arginine – deamination occurs after transfomation to ornithin, lysine – transamination follows the transformation to α-aminoadipate, methionine – deamination of homoserine, proline – deamination after conversion to glutamate, tryptophan – after its transformation to kynurenine, alani ...
version a
... A) Leucine and isoleucine are the D and L isomers of leucine. B) The α‐helix is one possible conformation of a polypeptide. C) Peptides can adopt many conformations because of rotation about single covalent bonds. D) Unfolding or denaturation of a protein usually leads to a loss of biological act ...
... A) Leucine and isoleucine are the D and L isomers of leucine. B) The α‐helix is one possible conformation of a polypeptide. C) Peptides can adopt many conformations because of rotation about single covalent bonds. D) Unfolding or denaturation of a protein usually leads to a loss of biological act ...
Intro to Macromolecules
... Function: Waterproof coverings of cells, can be used for long-term energy storage. Elements: Mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen. Monomer: 3 fatty-acids and 1 glycerol head Polymer: Lipids – Unsaturated Fats: Liquid at room temperature due to double bonds (bent structure) – Saturated ...
... Function: Waterproof coverings of cells, can be used for long-term energy storage. Elements: Mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen. Monomer: 3 fatty-acids and 1 glycerol head Polymer: Lipids – Unsaturated Fats: Liquid at room temperature due to double bonds (bent structure) – Saturated ...
Vitamins and Minerals
... occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and electron transport. Once triglycerides are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids, the glycerol is converted to glucose or oxidized for energy, and the fatty acids are oxidized or converted to ketones when carbohydrates are depleted. After deam ...
... occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and electron transport. Once triglycerides are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids, the glycerol is converted to glucose or oxidized for energy, and the fatty acids are oxidized or converted to ketones when carbohydrates are depleted. After deam ...
Chapter 5
... Glucose must be activated first before energy can be o btained ◦ ATP consumed at the beginning of glycolysis ◦ ATP ...
... Glucose must be activated first before energy can be o btained ◦ ATP consumed at the beginning of glycolysis ◦ ATP ...
Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism 4.1 Introduction (p. 74) A. A living
... cytoplasm where the protein will be constructed in a process called translation. Protein Synthesis (p. 87; Fig. 4.18; Table 4.3) ...
... cytoplasm where the protein will be constructed in a process called translation. Protein Synthesis (p. 87; Fig. 4.18; Table 4.3) ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl groups from one molecule to ano ...
... 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl groups from one molecule to ano ...
Nov_16
... Do we need to know all the enzyme? o The more you understand, the better it is o Break down and understand what each step does and then build on that o What does TCA do? o Simple diagrams of TCA o TOOO MANY ENZYMES TO MEMORIZE….remember the ones he emphasized Pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehyd ...
... Do we need to know all the enzyme? o The more you understand, the better it is o Break down and understand what each step does and then build on that o What does TCA do? o Simple diagrams of TCA o TOOO MANY ENZYMES TO MEMORIZE….remember the ones he emphasized Pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehyd ...
Lecture notes Chapter 27-28
... energy reserves by synthesizing glycogen that is stored in limited amounts in our skeletal muscle and liver. When glycogen stores are full, any remaining glucose in converted to triacylglycerols and stored as body fat. When our diet does not supply sufficient glucose, or we have utilized our blood g ...
... energy reserves by synthesizing glycogen that is stored in limited amounts in our skeletal muscle and liver. When glycogen stores are full, any remaining glucose in converted to triacylglycerols and stored as body fat. When our diet does not supply sufficient glucose, or we have utilized our blood g ...
Biological Molecules: Structure and Methods of Analysis
... a substance changes form a solid to a liquid. Molecules in a solid state are packed together in an orderly fashion with very much movement, while molecules in a liquid state are moving around in a random pattern termed Brownian motion. Therefore, the melting point is affected by anything that affect ...
... a substance changes form a solid to a liquid. Molecules in a solid state are packed together in an orderly fashion with very much movement, while molecules in a liquid state are moving around in a random pattern termed Brownian motion. Therefore, the melting point is affected by anything that affect ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.