Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, muscle and liver in health
... Figure 2. Regulation and action of LPL This is shown for adipose tissue but aspects of the regulation and action are likely to be similar in other tissues. Top panel: LPL is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and post-translationally modified, becoming active in the Golgi apparatus ...
... Figure 2. Regulation and action of LPL This is shown for adipose tissue but aspects of the regulation and action are likely to be similar in other tissues. Top panel: LPL is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and post-translationally modified, becoming active in the Golgi apparatus ...
17_Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and Krebs cycle
... An Overview of the Citric Acid Cycle Two carbon atoms (acetyl CoA) enter the cycle and two carbon atoms leave the cycle in the form of two molecules of carbon dioxide. Three hydride ions (six electrons) are transferred to three molecules of NAD+, one pair of hydrogen atoms (two electrons) is transf ...
... An Overview of the Citric Acid Cycle Two carbon atoms (acetyl CoA) enter the cycle and two carbon atoms leave the cycle in the form of two molecules of carbon dioxide. Three hydride ions (six electrons) are transferred to three molecules of NAD+, one pair of hydrogen atoms (two electrons) is transf ...
(a) (c)
... • Tend to be liquid at room temperature – Example: plant oils – Saturated - no double bonds between carbons • Tend to be solid at room temperature ...
... • Tend to be liquid at room temperature – Example: plant oils – Saturated - no double bonds between carbons • Tend to be solid at room temperature ...
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
... Proteins and peptides are amino acid polymers in which the individual amino acid units, called residues, are linked together by amide bonds, or peptide bonds An amino group from one residue forms an amide bond with the carboxyl of a second residue ...
... Proteins and peptides are amino acid polymers in which the individual amino acid units, called residues, are linked together by amide bonds, or peptide bonds An amino group from one residue forms an amide bond with the carboxyl of a second residue ...
Lecture: 28 TRANSAMINATION, DEAMINATION AND
... Catabolism of amino acids The important reaction commonly employed in the breakdown of an amino acid is always the removal of its -amino group. The product ammonia is excreted after conversion to urea or other products and the carbon skeleton is degraded to CO2 releasing energy. The important reac ...
... Catabolism of amino acids The important reaction commonly employed in the breakdown of an amino acid is always the removal of its -amino group. The product ammonia is excreted after conversion to urea or other products and the carbon skeleton is degraded to CO2 releasing energy. The important reac ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - ribose-5-P produced from glycolytic intermediates; oxidative pathway shutdown by NADPH feedback inhibition Cell requires both NADPH and ribose-5-P - cell operates only oxidative branch of pentose pathway - all ribulose-5-P converted to ribose-5-P 2. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) - toxic ROS gener ...
... - ribose-5-P produced from glycolytic intermediates; oxidative pathway shutdown by NADPH feedback inhibition Cell requires both NADPH and ribose-5-P - cell operates only oxidative branch of pentose pathway - all ribulose-5-P converted to ribose-5-P 2. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) - toxic ROS gener ...
Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa
... RECORD: time consuming but accurate log of all consumed foods/drinks; depends on compliance. Most useful if run over longer periods 24 hr RECALL: quick, provides a snapshot of intake- how good is the patients memory? Diet History: for long-term accustomed food intake, eg. on average, what do you eat ...
... RECORD: time consuming but accurate log of all consumed foods/drinks; depends on compliance. Most useful if run over longer periods 24 hr RECALL: quick, provides a snapshot of intake- how good is the patients memory? Diet History: for long-term accustomed food intake, eg. on average, what do you eat ...
biomolecules
... A fatty acid has a carboxyl group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (–CH3), or ethyl (–C2H 5) or higher number of –CH2 groups (1 carbon to 19 carbons). For example, palmitic acid has 16 carbons including carboxyl carbon. Arachidonic acid has 20 carbon atoms including the carboxyl ...
... A fatty acid has a carboxyl group attached to an R group. The R group could be a methyl (–CH3), or ethyl (–C2H 5) or higher number of –CH2 groups (1 carbon to 19 carbons). For example, palmitic acid has 16 carbons including carboxyl carbon. Arachidonic acid has 20 carbon atoms including the carboxyl ...
A REVIEW ABS - International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
... hydrocarbon nature of a major portion of their structure. Chemically lipids vary to such a great extent that no structural definition is available (Gurr and Harwood, 1991). Lipids have been classified in several different ways. The most ...
... hydrocarbon nature of a major portion of their structure. Chemically lipids vary to such a great extent that no structural definition is available (Gurr and Harwood, 1991). Lipids have been classified in several different ways. The most ...
Nitrogen Metabolism - Oregon State University
... Interesting Regulation of Synthesis in Bacteria Attenuation - All 5 Genes on One Operon When Tryptophan High, Transcription of Operon Aborts Early When Tryptophan Low, Transcription of Operon Continues Through All Genes Molecules Made from Tryptophan Melatonin Circadian Rhythm Sensing Affects Mood, ...
... Interesting Regulation of Synthesis in Bacteria Attenuation - All 5 Genes on One Operon When Tryptophan High, Transcription of Operon Aborts Early When Tryptophan Low, Transcription of Operon Continues Through All Genes Molecules Made from Tryptophan Melatonin Circadian Rhythm Sensing Affects Mood, ...
Biochemistry of the liver - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... The figure was adopted from: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, 1997. ISBN 0-471-15451-2 ...
... The figure was adopted from: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, 1997. ISBN 0-471-15451-2 ...
Integration of Metabolism
... The major role of the kidney is to produce urine which is a vehicle for excreting water soluble waste products. During starvation the kidney becomes an important site of gluconeogenesis and may produce up to half of the blood’s glucose. 6.) The Liver The liver is the center of metabolism. The liver ...
... The major role of the kidney is to produce urine which is a vehicle for excreting water soluble waste products. During starvation the kidney becomes an important site of gluconeogenesis and may produce up to half of the blood’s glucose. 6.) The Liver The liver is the center of metabolism. The liver ...
25. biosynthesis of lipids
... synthesis of coenzyme A. The thioester bond that links ACP to the fatty acyl group has a high free energy of hydrolysis. And when this bond is broken, energy is released which makes the first reaction in fatty acid synthesis (i.e., condensation reaction) thermodynamically favourable. The 4′–phosphop ...
... synthesis of coenzyme A. The thioester bond that links ACP to the fatty acyl group has a high free energy of hydrolysis. And when this bond is broken, energy is released which makes the first reaction in fatty acid synthesis (i.e., condensation reaction) thermodynamically favourable. The 4′–phosphop ...
Macromolecules
... Four Levels of Protein Structure • Secondary Structure Folded structure due to hydrogen bonds between the amino and acid groups of amino acids ...
... Four Levels of Protein Structure • Secondary Structure Folded structure due to hydrogen bonds between the amino and acid groups of amino acids ...
File
... ATP is very important as it acts as the link between catabolic energy releasing reactions (e.g. respiration) and anabolic energy-consuming reactions (e.g. protein synthesis) ...
... ATP is very important as it acts as the link between catabolic energy releasing reactions (e.g. respiration) and anabolic energy-consuming reactions (e.g. protein synthesis) ...
Unit 06 Lecture Notes: Metabolism and Respiration
... 2) Respiratory mechanism delivers oxygen to blood 3) Blood delivers oxygen to tissues 4) Tissues give CO2 (waste) to blood 5) Blood gives CO2 to respiratory mechanism 6) Respiratory mechanism releases CO2 to external environment! B. Cells then take O2 and carry out cellular respiration, CO2 being wa ...
... 2) Respiratory mechanism delivers oxygen to blood 3) Blood delivers oxygen to tissues 4) Tissues give CO2 (waste) to blood 5) Blood gives CO2 to respiratory mechanism 6) Respiratory mechanism releases CO2 to external environment! B. Cells then take O2 and carry out cellular respiration, CO2 being wa ...
Two fatty acid ∆9-desaturase genes, ole1 and ole2
... Genes encoding two distinct fatty acid ∆9-desaturases were isolated from strains of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Two genomic sequences, ∆9-1 and ∆9-2, each containing a single intron, were cloned from strain CBS 528.72 while one cDNA clone, LM9, was isolated from strain CBS 210.32. The ...
... Genes encoding two distinct fatty acid ∆9-desaturases were isolated from strains of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Two genomic sequences, ∆9-1 and ∆9-2, each containing a single intron, were cloned from strain CBS 528.72 while one cDNA clone, LM9, was isolated from strain CBS 210.32. The ...
FIGURE 21–6 Part 1
... palmitoleate, 16:1(Δ9), and oleate, 18:1(Δ9); both of these fatty acids have a single cis double bond between C-9 and C-10. The double bond is introduced into the fatty acid chain by ...
... palmitoleate, 16:1(Δ9), and oleate, 18:1(Δ9); both of these fatty acids have a single cis double bond between C-9 and C-10. The double bond is introduced into the fatty acid chain by ...
18 Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA to Krebs Cycle A/P
... Pyruvate is one of most important intermediate forms of the breakdown of high energy macromolecules (such as sugar, lipid, and protein). Pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid in bacteria and man when oxygen is in short supply or not available. The build up of lactic acid causes some interesting e ...
... Pyruvate is one of most important intermediate forms of the breakdown of high energy macromolecules (such as sugar, lipid, and protein). Pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid in bacteria and man when oxygen is in short supply or not available. The build up of lactic acid causes some interesting e ...
Step 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
... • Happens in the cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
... • Happens in the cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
Chapter 3 - Evangel University
... • ____________ : the name given to a short polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acids in the chain • ____________ : a molecule containing two amino acids joined by a peptide bond • ____________ : a molecule containing three amino acids joined by ...
... • ____________ : the name given to a short polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acids in the chain • ____________ : a molecule containing two amino acids joined by a peptide bond • ____________ : a molecule containing three amino acids joined by ...
Step 1: Hexokinase
... – Determine [glucose] at equilibrium (ΔG’ = 0); then a concentration greater than this will favor production of G6P. ...
... – Determine [glucose] at equilibrium (ΔG’ = 0); then a concentration greater than this will favor production of G6P. ...
1. Describe the properties of the following apical and basolateral
... a. What enzyme complex is involved in this disease and what are its components? What reaction does this complex catalyze? Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase. Three components can be affected: E1-keto acid decarboxylase (thiamine dependent) either alpha (IA) or beta (IB); E2-dihydrolipoyl acyltr ...
... a. What enzyme complex is involved in this disease and what are its components? What reaction does this complex catalyze? Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase. Three components can be affected: E1-keto acid decarboxylase (thiamine dependent) either alpha (IA) or beta (IB); E2-dihydrolipoyl acyltr ...
File
... Urea Cycle [1] In the first step, carbamoyl phosphate is formed in the mitochondria from hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) and NH4+, with two ATP molecules being consumed. In this compound, the carbamoyl residue (–O–CO–NH2) is at a high chemical potential. In hepatic mitochondria, enzyme [1] makes up abou ...
... Urea Cycle [1] In the first step, carbamoyl phosphate is formed in the mitochondria from hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) and NH4+, with two ATP molecules being consumed. In this compound, the carbamoyl residue (–O–CO–NH2) is at a high chemical potential. In hepatic mitochondria, enzyme [1] makes up abou ...
New Product Highlights Monoclonal Anti
... Isotype: rat IgG2a Species Cross Reactivity: Human and mouse Shh Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an important cell signaling molecule expressed during embryonic development. Shh is involved in the patterning of the developing embryonic nervous system, somite and limb. The N-terminal peptide of Shh is releas ...
... Isotype: rat IgG2a Species Cross Reactivity: Human and mouse Shh Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an important cell signaling molecule expressed during embryonic development. Shh is involved in the patterning of the developing embryonic nervous system, somite and limb. The N-terminal peptide of Shh is releas ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.