Amino Acid Metabolism
... • However, at the low pH of the stomach, pepsin is not denatured and acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving peptide bonds at various points within the protein chain • Although pepsin has a fairly broad specificity, it tends to cleave peptide bonds in which the carboxyl group is provided by an aromatic o ...
... • However, at the low pH of the stomach, pepsin is not denatured and acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving peptide bonds at various points within the protein chain • Although pepsin has a fairly broad specificity, it tends to cleave peptide bonds in which the carboxyl group is provided by an aromatic o ...
Choreography of Transcriptomes and Lipidomes of
... For instance, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways are the major contributors for pyruvate production in vascular plants, and a minor amount of pyruvate can also be synthesized from malate by NADP-dependent malic enzyme (Kang and Rawsthorne, 1996; Alonso et al., 2007). Pyruvate is then converte ...
... For instance, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways are the major contributors for pyruvate production in vascular plants, and a minor amount of pyruvate can also be synthesized from malate by NADP-dependent malic enzyme (Kang and Rawsthorne, 1996; Alonso et al., 2007). Pyruvate is then converte ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... FXR is constitutively bound to the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR). This heterodimer binds FXR response elements (FXREs) and induces gene transcription. Upon ligand binding, FXR undergoes conformational changes to release co-repressors and recruit co-activators, including DRIP-205 (vitamin-D-rece ...
... FXR is constitutively bound to the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR). This heterodimer binds FXR response elements (FXREs) and induces gene transcription. Upon ligand binding, FXR undergoes conformational changes to release co-repressors and recruit co-activators, including DRIP-205 (vitamin-D-rece ...
Metabolic Flux Profiling of Reaction Modules in Liver Drug
... model xenobiotic was troglitazone (TGZ), an anti-diabetic drug that has recently been withdrawn due to idiosyncratic liver toxicity [8]. The exact mechanisms of toxicity remain unknown, but could involve the formation of harmful derivatives through metabolic activation, cellular energy depletion via ...
... model xenobiotic was troglitazone (TGZ), an anti-diabetic drug that has recently been withdrawn due to idiosyncratic liver toxicity [8]. The exact mechanisms of toxicity remain unknown, but could involve the formation of harmful derivatives through metabolic activation, cellular energy depletion via ...
Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination in Meiosis
... how meiotic recombination could produce both crossovers and noncrossovers (Holliday 1964). The central intermediate in his model is a structure in which strands from two homologous duplexes swap pairing partners across a short region, yielding a four-stranded intermediate now known as the Holliday j ...
... how meiotic recombination could produce both crossovers and noncrossovers (Holliday 1964). The central intermediate in his model is a structure in which strands from two homologous duplexes swap pairing partners across a short region, yielding a four-stranded intermediate now known as the Holliday j ...
C7orf30 is necessary for biogenesis of the large
... supply energy to the cell through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Approximately 90 proteins form the five enzyme complexes that perform OXPHOS and 13 of those are encoded in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). For this reason, mitochondria contain a separate translation apparatus, ne ...
... supply energy to the cell through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Approximately 90 proteins form the five enzyme complexes that perform OXPHOS and 13 of those are encoded in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). For this reason, mitochondria contain a separate translation apparatus, ne ...
Self-association of the SET domains of human ALL-1 and of
... (Lewis, 1978). The pattern is initially established by the gap and pair-rule genes and is later maintained by the trithorax and polycomb group genes, which function as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively. ALL-1 contains several motifs shared with other proteins. These include: (a ...
... (Lewis, 1978). The pattern is initially established by the gap and pair-rule genes and is later maintained by the trithorax and polycomb group genes, which function as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively. ALL-1 contains several motifs shared with other proteins. These include: (a ...
Effect of aluminium on plant growth and metabolism
... could pass through organic anion-specific channels. Because of its rapidness and specificity to Al, Al-induced malate efflux is a useful system for studying how the Al signal is transmitted into the cell that expresses physiological responses underlying Al-toxicity or tolerance. Protein phosphorylat ...
... could pass through organic anion-specific channels. Because of its rapidness and specificity to Al, Al-induced malate efflux is a useful system for studying how the Al signal is transmitted into the cell that expresses physiological responses underlying Al-toxicity or tolerance. Protein phosphorylat ...
Lecture 3: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
... and outer membrane, known as intermembrane space and second inside the inner membrane known as matrix. The proteins present in intermembrane space have a role in executing “programmed cell death” or “apoptosis”. Matrix is the liquid part present in the inner most compartment of the mitochondria and ...
... and outer membrane, known as intermembrane space and second inside the inner membrane known as matrix. The proteins present in intermembrane space have a role in executing “programmed cell death” or “apoptosis”. Matrix is the liquid part present in the inner most compartment of the mitochondria and ...
IN SILICO SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS TARGETING CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY (CAE)
... transmission within the mammalian central nervous system [1]. They are members of the cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels [2]. These transmitter-gated ion channels are assembled as a pentameric complex of subunits which, includes two α subunits, two β subunits, and a γ or δ subunit [3]. GAB ...
... transmission within the mammalian central nervous system [1]. They are members of the cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels [2]. These transmitter-gated ion channels are assembled as a pentameric complex of subunits which, includes two α subunits, two β subunits, and a γ or δ subunit [3]. GAB ...
Alterations in gene expression in T1α null lung: a model of deficient
... dynein, a motor protein involved in microtubule-mediated forward cell migration [20], is up regulated in the absence of T1α (Figure 4A,B). Genes involved in cell adhesion are also altered, such as the extracellular matrix protein βig-h3, and VCAM1 (Table 1). Ptgs1 (prostaglandin ...
... dynein, a motor protein involved in microtubule-mediated forward cell migration [20], is up regulated in the absence of T1α (Figure 4A,B). Genes involved in cell adhesion are also altered, such as the extracellular matrix protein βig-h3, and VCAM1 (Table 1). Ptgs1 (prostaglandin ...
Heterologous products from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis
... heterologous protein is functional in driving the polypeptide through the secretion pathway, indicating the great flexibility of this mechanism in K. lactis. The expression of the heterologous genes has been achieved by means of regulated or constitutive promoters from both K. lactis and S. cerevisi ...
... heterologous protein is functional in driving the polypeptide through the secretion pathway, indicating the great flexibility of this mechanism in K. lactis. The expression of the heterologous genes has been achieved by means of regulated or constitutive promoters from both K. lactis and S. cerevisi ...
Biosynthesis of heme in mammals
... Both forms of ALAS are transcriptionally regulated but by quite different mechanisms [9–11]. In addition to heme's posttranslational affect on mitochondrial import, heme downregulates transcription of ALAS1. In humans there are two alternate splice forms of ALAS1. The major form lacks exon 1B (Fig. ...
... Both forms of ALAS are transcriptionally regulated but by quite different mechanisms [9–11]. In addition to heme's posttranslational affect on mitochondrial import, heme downregulates transcription of ALAS1. In humans there are two alternate splice forms of ALAS1. The major form lacks exon 1B (Fig. ...
Inflammation and ER Stress Regulate Branched
... we used high fat-fed C57BL/6J mice and lean controls and measured the down-regulation of genes linked to BCAA and TCA cycle metabolism selectively in visceral but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue, brown fat, liver, or muscle. Using 3T3-L1 cells, TNF␣, and other proinflammatory cytokine treatments ...
... we used high fat-fed C57BL/6J mice and lean controls and measured the down-regulation of genes linked to BCAA and TCA cycle metabolism selectively in visceral but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue, brown fat, liver, or muscle. Using 3T3-L1 cells, TNF␣, and other proinflammatory cytokine treatments ...
Analysis of TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE
... encodes CYP703A2, which has been shown to in-chain hydroxylate lauric acid (C12:0 fatty acid) (Morant et al., 2007). Recently, CYP704B1 has been demonstrated also to be implicated in exine formation and to catalyze the v-hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids (Dobritsa et al., 2009b). These studies ...
... encodes CYP703A2, which has been shown to in-chain hydroxylate lauric acid (C12:0 fatty acid) (Morant et al., 2007). Recently, CYP704B1 has been demonstrated also to be implicated in exine formation and to catalyze the v-hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids (Dobritsa et al., 2009b). These studies ...
NIHMS88703-supplement-2
... homozygous ko animals are not viable) had reduced fat/lean ratio as compared to their wild-type (wt) littermates 4. Analysis of additional mice from both sexes confirmed our previous results (Supplementary Table 2; Figure 1a-1d). Interestingly, female C3ar1 ko and female Tgfbr2 heterozygous mice dem ...
... homozygous ko animals are not viable) had reduced fat/lean ratio as compared to their wild-type (wt) littermates 4. Analysis of additional mice from both sexes confirmed our previous results (Supplementary Table 2; Figure 1a-1d). Interestingly, female C3ar1 ko and female Tgfbr2 heterozygous mice dem ...
The RNA-binding protein HuR regulates protein nuclear import
... incompletely understood. We show that HuR controls the expression of multiple components of the nuclear import machinery. Consequently, HuR is critical for the nuclear import of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2), which delivers RA to the nuclear receptor RAR and whose mobilization to ...
... incompletely understood. We show that HuR controls the expression of multiple components of the nuclear import machinery. Consequently, HuR is critical for the nuclear import of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2), which delivers RA to the nuclear receptor RAR and whose mobilization to ...
Cell biology of carbohydrate metabolism
... cells; lane 2, extract from 293 cells transfected with HA-tagged Mlx and FLAG-tagged ChREBP; lane 3, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to HA; lane 4, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to FLAG. The arrow indicates the position of the ChREBP·Mlx complex. ...
... cells; lane 2, extract from 293 cells transfected with HA-tagged Mlx and FLAG-tagged ChREBP; lane 3, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to HA; lane 4, same as lane 2 except incubated with antibodies to FLAG. The arrow indicates the position of the ChREBP·Mlx complex. ...
Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause
... Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause significant and serious diseases. Cancer cells show an increased production of nucleotides. Inhibiting nucleotide synthesis inhibits growth. Using this, we can develop drugs for cancer, antibiotics. Cancer cells are more sensitive to nucleot ...
... Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause significant and serious diseases. Cancer cells show an increased production of nucleotides. Inhibiting nucleotide synthesis inhibits growth. Using this, we can develop drugs for cancer, antibiotics. Cancer cells are more sensitive to nucleot ...
+ energy
... •The hydrolysis of n ATP molecules changes the equilibrium ratio of a couple reaction by a factor of 108n •A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction sequence can be converted into a favorable one by coupling it to the hydrolysis of a sufficient number of ATP molecules in a new reaction •A and B may r ...
... •The hydrolysis of n ATP molecules changes the equilibrium ratio of a couple reaction by a factor of 108n •A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction sequence can be converted into a favorable one by coupling it to the hydrolysis of a sufficient number of ATP molecules in a new reaction •A and B may r ...
Comparative day/night metatranscriptomic analysis of microbial
... and 75 946 from a night transcriptome. Taxonomic binning of annotated mRNAs indicated that Cyanobacteria contributed a greater percentage of the transcripts (54% of annotated sequences) than expected based on abundance (35% of cell counts and 21% 16S rRNA of libraries), and may represent the most ac ...
... and 75 946 from a night transcriptome. Taxonomic binning of annotated mRNAs indicated that Cyanobacteria contributed a greater percentage of the transcripts (54% of annotated sequences) than expected based on abundance (35% of cell counts and 21% 16S rRNA of libraries), and may represent the most ac ...
TYK2 (JTK1), Active TYK2 (JTK1), Active
... Store product at –70oC. For optimal storage, aliquot target into smaller quantities after centrifugation and store at recommended temperature. For most favorable performance, avoid repeated handling and multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Product shipped ...
... Store product at –70oC. For optimal storage, aliquot target into smaller quantities after centrifugation and store at recommended temperature. For most favorable performance, avoid repeated handling and multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Product shipped ...
Molecular basis for the evolution of xylem lignification
... and the utilization of plant materials. The adaptive significance of the lignification of xylem cells during the evolution of land plants [4] is evidenced by the proliferation of land plants, such that the mass of lignin in the biosphere is second only to the mass of cellulose. The synthesis of lign ...
... and the utilization of plant materials. The adaptive significance of the lignification of xylem cells during the evolution of land plants [4] is evidenced by the proliferation of land plants, such that the mass of lignin in the biosphere is second only to the mass of cellulose. The synthesis of lign ...
Inhibition of de novo Palmitate Synthesis by Fatty Acid Synthase
... with a strong biological rationale. FASN expression increases with tumor progression and associates with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival in numerous tumor types. TVB-3166, an orally-available, reversible, potent, and selective FASN inhibitor induces apoptosis, inhi ...
... with a strong biological rationale. FASN expression increases with tumor progression and associates with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival in numerous tumor types. TVB-3166, an orally-available, reversible, potent, and selective FASN inhibitor induces apoptosis, inhi ...