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... developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic ...
... developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic ...
Systemic Organ Wasting Induced by Localized Expression of the
... of diseases, including cancers. We have developed a model for organ wasting in adult Drosophila, whereby overproliferation induced by activation of Yorkie, the Yap1 oncogene ortholog, in intestinal stem cells leads to wasting of the ovary, fat body, and muscle. These organ-wasting phenotypes are ass ...
... of diseases, including cancers. We have developed a model for organ wasting in adult Drosophila, whereby overproliferation induced by activation of Yorkie, the Yap1 oncogene ortholog, in intestinal stem cells leads to wasting of the ovary, fat body, and muscle. These organ-wasting phenotypes are ass ...
Slides
... • Stomata open during night • CO2 stored as 4-carbon compound to be used the next day • Stomata can be closed during the day • Plants found in hot/dry environments – Cactus, pineapple, many orchids – (some are members of plant family Crassulaceae) ...
... • Stomata open during night • CO2 stored as 4-carbon compound to be used the next day • Stomata can be closed during the day • Plants found in hot/dry environments – Cactus, pineapple, many orchids – (some are members of plant family Crassulaceae) ...
The core histone-binding region of the murine cytomegalovirus 89K
... D u r i n g infection of M E F s , a n d following t r a n s f e c t i o n or injection of the IE1 gene into L T K - or N I H 3T3 cells, the IE1 gene p r o d u c t pp89 a c c u m u l a t e s w i t h i n the nucleus (Del V a l e t al., 1989; K o s z i n o w s k i et al., 1986; S c h i c k e d a n z e ...
... D u r i n g infection of M E F s , a n d following t r a n s f e c t i o n or injection of the IE1 gene into L T K - or N I H 3T3 cells, the IE1 gene p r o d u c t pp89 a c c u m u l a t e s w i t h i n the nucleus (Del V a l e t al., 1989; K o s z i n o w s k i et al., 1986; S c h i c k e d a n z e ...
The O 2
... by providing a protective environment where polypeptides fold correctly into native conformations or quaternary structures. ...
... by providing a protective environment where polypeptides fold correctly into native conformations or quaternary structures. ...
the plateau phase of growth of the lm strain mouse cell
... revealed that the onset of the plateau phase is accompanied by a depletion of the original glucose in the medium [23]. The cells become smaller in size and viability drops rapidly [21]. The addition of glucose at this point in the growth cycle preserves cell viability and extends the duration of the ...
... revealed that the onset of the plateau phase is accompanied by a depletion of the original glucose in the medium [23]. The cells become smaller in size and viability drops rapidly [21]. The addition of glucose at this point in the growth cycle preserves cell viability and extends the duration of the ...
Evolutionary Rate in the Protein Interaction Network
... that underpins most cellular functions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. How the organization of this network affects the evolution of the proteins that compose it is a fundamental question in molecular evolution. We show that the connectivity of well-conserved proteins in the network is negati ...
... that underpins most cellular functions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. How the organization of this network affects the evolution of the proteins that compose it is a fundamental question in molecular evolution. We show that the connectivity of well-conserved proteins in the network is negati ...
Plant Signaling and Behavior
... nod gene that has been studied in detail for β-rhizobial phylogeny. NodA is an N-acyltransferase that mediates the transfer of an acyl group to the Nod factor backbone,20-21 and bona fide nodA homologs have not been found in bacteria other than rhizobia. However, nod gene sequencing in Burkholderia ...
... nod gene that has been studied in detail for β-rhizobial phylogeny. NodA is an N-acyltransferase that mediates the transfer of an acyl group to the Nod factor backbone,20-21 and bona fide nodA homologs have not been found in bacteria other than rhizobia. However, nod gene sequencing in Burkholderia ...
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... the cytoplasmic β-catenin-destruction machinery, which contains, among other proteins, glycogen synthase kinase 3β [GSK3β; Shaggy (Sgg) in Drosophila]. Receptors (Fz and LRP5/6) are activated by Wnt signal to disassemble the destruction complex, leading to the stabilization of β-catenin, its translo ...
... the cytoplasmic β-catenin-destruction machinery, which contains, among other proteins, glycogen synthase kinase 3β [GSK3β; Shaggy (Sgg) in Drosophila]. Receptors (Fz and LRP5/6) are activated by Wnt signal to disassemble the destruction complex, leading to the stabilization of β-catenin, its translo ...
Autophosphorylation Activity of the Arabidopsis Ethylene Receptor
... proteins are also involved in more complex signaling pathways, termed phosphorelays. In these pathways the receptors are often hybrid proteins containing a receiver domain at the carboxyl terminus of their kinase domain. After autophosphorylation of the histidine residue in the kinase domain, the ph ...
... proteins are also involved in more complex signaling pathways, termed phosphorelays. In these pathways the receptors are often hybrid proteins containing a receiver domain at the carboxyl terminus of their kinase domain. After autophosphorylation of the histidine residue in the kinase domain, the ph ...
Powerpoint
... History of One Superfamily – the Protein Kinase-like Superfamily E. Scheeff and P.E. Bourne 2005 PLoS Comp. Biol. 1(5): e49. ...
... History of One Superfamily – the Protein Kinase-like Superfamily E. Scheeff and P.E. Bourne 2005 PLoS Comp. Biol. 1(5): e49. ...
Poster
... 100% of the EPSC amplitude because there is no 2-AG present. At time 0, the electrical pulses were vastly increased for a few milliseconds, triggering 2-AG synthesis. The presence of 2-AG decreased the release of glutamate reflected in a decrease in EPSC amplitude. The control line returned to 100% ...
... 100% of the EPSC amplitude because there is no 2-AG present. At time 0, the electrical pulses were vastly increased for a few milliseconds, triggering 2-AG synthesis. The presence of 2-AG decreased the release of glutamate reflected in a decrease in EPSC amplitude. The control line returned to 100% ...
HSC 4572: Selected portions Chapter 6
... 30-60g protein (usually works out to 8-15% of kcal); lower amounts if history of high blood ammonia, or encephalopathy. High quality protein is more desirable (why?) 60-70% kcal as carbohydrate; fruit is encouraged. Usually have to demonstrate how to add extra. Carbs do not need protein carriers for ...
... 30-60g protein (usually works out to 8-15% of kcal); lower amounts if history of high blood ammonia, or encephalopathy. High quality protein is more desirable (why?) 60-70% kcal as carbohydrate; fruit is encouraged. Usually have to demonstrate how to add extra. Carbs do not need protein carriers for ...
... regulation, choice C involves regulation of glycogen storage and degradation). Choice A: Briefly describe how the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in a liver cell is responsive to the energy needs of the cell. Choice B: Briefly describe how the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in a liver c ...
Learning Objectives, test #2 BIO105 Mark S. Wilson Topic: Cell
... - describe the fluidity of the cell membrane and explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by membrane composition - explain the role of hydrophobic interactions in membrane structure / function - describe the different ways that proteins are oriented in the cell membrane - describe factors that ...
... - describe the fluidity of the cell membrane and explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by membrane composition - explain the role of hydrophobic interactions in membrane structure / function - describe the different ways that proteins are oriented in the cell membrane - describe factors that ...
12.1 Mechanisms regulating enzyme synthesis 12.1.2.2 Enzyme
... Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activates HPr(ser) kinase to phosphorylate the serine residue of the non-phosphorylated HPr protein. This phosphorylated HPr protein [HPr(Ser-P)] forms a complex with CcpA (catabolite control protein A). The CcpA-HPr(Ser-P) complex binds to the cre (catabolite respons ...
... Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activates HPr(ser) kinase to phosphorylate the serine residue of the non-phosphorylated HPr protein. This phosphorylated HPr protein [HPr(Ser-P)] forms a complex with CcpA (catabolite control protein A). The CcpA-HPr(Ser-P) complex binds to the cre (catabolite respons ...
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs)
... • They act as sensors of diet and xenobiotics • They play an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis and metabolic control at whole organism and cellular level • Involved in: metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, ... ...
... • They act as sensors of diet and xenobiotics • They play an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis and metabolic control at whole organism and cellular level • Involved in: metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, ... ...
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... genesis of human tumours (reviewed by Harvey and Tapon, 2007; Pan, 2007; Reddy and Irvine, 2008). The SWH pathway controls the size of imaginal discs (the presumptive adult D. melanogaster organs) by regulating cellular growth rates and cell proliferation. The SWH pathway also controls organ size by ...
... genesis of human tumours (reviewed by Harvey and Tapon, 2007; Pan, 2007; Reddy and Irvine, 2008). The SWH pathway controls the size of imaginal discs (the presumptive adult D. melanogaster organs) by regulating cellular growth rates and cell proliferation. The SWH pathway also controls organ size by ...
Trends in Plant Science
... Many (>3000) domains in database, including non-signaling types Both DNA and protein input available Provides a ranking list of most observed domains ...
... Many (>3000) domains in database, including non-signaling types Both DNA and protein input available Provides a ranking list of most observed domains ...
Prediction of protein disorder: basic concepts and practical hints
... •False positive: Ordered residues predicted as disordered •True negative: Ordered residues predicted as ordered •False negative: Disordered residues predicted as ordered ...
... •False positive: Ordered residues predicted as disordered •True negative: Ordered residues predicted as ordered •False negative: Disordered residues predicted as ordered ...
Questions
... 12. Explain how activation of adrenergic receptors serves the ‘fight-or-flight’ response in animals. ...
... 12. Explain how activation of adrenergic receptors serves the ‘fight-or-flight’ response in animals. ...
Electrophoresis of Serum Proteins Properties of Proteins
... artificial membranes that allow diffusion of small molecules but not proteins. This process of differential diffusion through membranes of a limited permeability is called dialysis. The membranes suitable for this purpose are called semi-permeable, the cellophane used most widely in a laboratory for ...
... artificial membranes that allow diffusion of small molecules but not proteins. This process of differential diffusion through membranes of a limited permeability is called dialysis. The membranes suitable for this purpose are called semi-permeable, the cellophane used most widely in a laboratory for ...
In-vivo detection of binary PKA network interactions upon activation
... β AR activity could be reversed by subsequent treatment with the non-selective βAR antagonist alprenolol (Fig. 5B). In comparison, administration of 0.9% saline showed no significant impact on PKA activation, (P = 0,0014; Supplementary Figure S1). To exclude the possibility that isoproterenol might ...
... β AR activity could be reversed by subsequent treatment with the non-selective βAR antagonist alprenolol (Fig. 5B). In comparison, administration of 0.9% saline showed no significant impact on PKA activation, (P = 0,0014; Supplementary Figure S1). To exclude the possibility that isoproterenol might ...
Proteomic Mapping of Mitochondria in Living Cells
... enhances the in vivo dihydroorotase (E3) activity of CAD, with additional points of regulation from insulin and S6K1 possibly affecting upstream steps in the pathway (fig. S7C). The cells expressing CAD-S1859A were no longer acutely sensitive to insulin for the stimulated incorporation of de novo–sy ...
... enhances the in vivo dihydroorotase (E3) activity of CAD, with additional points of regulation from insulin and S6K1 possibly affecting upstream steps in the pathway (fig. S7C). The cells expressing CAD-S1859A were no longer acutely sensitive to insulin for the stimulated incorporation of de novo–sy ...
Why a need for Systems Biology
... Qualitative analysis: It tries to answer the questions why and how, it catagorises data into patterns. In biology, qualitative research has provided a huge amount of information which is the basis for today´s and future research. It has been the basis for the reductionist era of molecular biology. Q ...
... Qualitative analysis: It tries to answer the questions why and how, it catagorises data into patterns. In biology, qualitative research has provided a huge amount of information which is the basis for today´s and future research. It has been the basis for the reductionist era of molecular biology. Q ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.