Patient dose from kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography
... using the dose conversion factor, identical sets of measurements 共using the same beam quality, technique settings兲 have been performed with 120 kV beam at a depth of 2.0 and 10 cm, as well as on the surface of a specially designed 20-cm-diam and 30-cm-long cylindrical solid water phantom, on the ben ...
... using the dose conversion factor, identical sets of measurements 共using the same beam quality, technique settings兲 have been performed with 120 kV beam at a depth of 2.0 and 10 cm, as well as on the surface of a specially designed 20-cm-diam and 30-cm-long cylindrical solid water phantom, on the ben ...
Breast Microcalcifications - Diagnostic Centers of America
... condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists, and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient's clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imagin ...
... condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists, and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient's clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imagin ...
5/2/2011 The Use of In-room kV Imaging for IGRT Disclosure
... • 80’s ---- 45 off-set kV x-ray source – 10 MV medical accelerator at MGH (Biggs, et al. 1985) – same screen/film system with MV beam (Shiu, 1987) – RADII product by HRL Inc • 80’s ---- The advent of electronic portal imaging (EPI) – Renewed recognition of deficient MV image quality ...
... • 80’s ---- 45 off-set kV x-ray source – 10 MV medical accelerator at MGH (Biggs, et al. 1985) – same screen/film system with MV beam (Shiu, 1987) – RADII product by HRL Inc • 80’s ---- The advent of electronic portal imaging (EPI) – Renewed recognition of deficient MV image quality ...
Computed tomography
... Computed tomography (or computerized axial tomography) is an examination that uses X-ray and computer to obtain a cross-sectional image of the human body. ...
... Computed tomography (or computerized axial tomography) is an examination that uses X-ray and computer to obtain a cross-sectional image of the human body. ...
-1 - 1. Introduction: The specialty of radiology has grown enormously
... Understand the nature of formation of all types of radiological images, including physical and technical aspects, patient positioning and contrast media used. Know the theoretical, practical and legal aspects of radiation protection, and possible harmful effects of radiation. Understands and applies ...
... Understand the nature of formation of all types of radiological images, including physical and technical aspects, patient positioning and contrast media used. Know the theoretical, practical and legal aspects of radiation protection, and possible harmful effects of radiation. Understands and applies ...
Using Cone Beam CT in Clinical Practice
... factors utilized.29-31 Even though F-speed film is recommended for routine use,32 many dentists still use D-speed film with round collimation for their full mouth series technique; this examination results in an effective dose of ~388 μSv; or, three to five times the radiation dose of many standard ...
... factors utilized.29-31 Even though F-speed film is recommended for routine use,32 many dentists still use D-speed film with round collimation for their full mouth series technique; this examination results in an effective dose of ~388 μSv; or, three to five times the radiation dose of many standard ...
Novel Techniques for Integrating Video Augmented X
... The standard mobile C-arm fluoroscope, found in nearly every hospital worldwide, is the primary technology used in guiding orthopedic and trauma surgeries. It produces a realtime X-ray image that provides surgeons with live visual information of the anatomy to be treated. However, there are several ...
... The standard mobile C-arm fluoroscope, found in nearly every hospital worldwide, is the primary technology used in guiding orthopedic and trauma surgeries. It produces a realtime X-ray image that provides surgeons with live visual information of the anatomy to be treated. However, there are several ...
Garba_Idris_MASTERS
... optimisation in Northern Nigeria. Background: A brain CT scan is the most common CT examination performed, and this modality is recognized as delivering a high dose. CT, therefore, contributes significantly to the total collective effective dose to the population. Elimination of unnecessary or unpro ...
... optimisation in Northern Nigeria. Background: A brain CT scan is the most common CT examination performed, and this modality is recognized as delivering a high dose. CT, therefore, contributes significantly to the total collective effective dose to the population. Elimination of unnecessary or unpro ...
Progeny Vantage Panoramic X-ray System
... Only qualified and authorized service personnel should remove covers on the equipment. ...
... Only qualified and authorized service personnel should remove covers on the equipment. ...
CT Dosimetry: Com- parison of Measure- ment
... (CT) is typically measured by using a simple cylindrical phantom and expressed as a volumeaveraged CT dose index (CTDI). Understanding the methods for quantifying radiation dose is important for users of this technology. As compared to screen-film radiography, CT delivers considerably more dose to t ...
... (CT) is typically measured by using a simple cylindrical phantom and expressed as a volumeaveraged CT dose index (CTDI). Understanding the methods for quantifying radiation dose is important for users of this technology. As compared to screen-film radiography, CT delivers considerably more dose to t ...
Evaluation of absorbed dose and image quality in mammography
... Mammography refers to the X-ray examination of the human breast, and is considered the single most important diagnostic tool in the early detection of breast cancer, which is by far the most common cancer among women. There is good evidence from clinical trials, that mammographic screening can reduc ...
... Mammography refers to the X-ray examination of the human breast, and is considered the single most important diagnostic tool in the early detection of breast cancer, which is by far the most common cancer among women. There is good evidence from clinical trials, that mammographic screening can reduc ...
Structure of the Atom - The American Association of Physicists in
... Imaging Physics Curricula Subcommittee AAPM Subcommittee of the Medical Physics Education of ...
... Imaging Physics Curricula Subcommittee AAPM Subcommittee of the Medical Physics Education of ...
Chapter 01
... In radiation therapy, it is imperative that the clinical target volume (CTV) be accurately positioned during treatment in order to avoid the detrimental effects of a geographic miss. Historically, a patient is positioned based on skin marks, and the treatment setup is verified with megavoltage (MV) ...
... In radiation therapy, it is imperative that the clinical target volume (CTV) be accurately positioned during treatment in order to avoid the detrimental effects of a geographic miss. Historically, a patient is positioned based on skin marks, and the treatment setup is verified with megavoltage (MV) ...
Synchrotron x-ray imaging of pulmonary alveoli in respiration in live
... In the present study, we developed TrXM II (Fig. 1a and b) that allowed us to visualize individual alveoli not only in the lung apices with minimum movement but also in the lung bases with maximum movement (Fig. 1c) during respiration in live intact mice. The key idea was to enlarge FOV to 1 mm 3 1 ...
... In the present study, we developed TrXM II (Fig. 1a and b) that allowed us to visualize individual alveoli not only in the lung apices with minimum movement but also in the lung bases with maximum movement (Fig. 1c) during respiration in live intact mice. The key idea was to enlarge FOV to 1 mm 3 1 ...
Flash speed. Lowest dose. - VCU Department of Radiology
... unprecedented temporal resolution of 75 ms. This permits imaging the heart without the clinical, workflow and financial aspects of utilizing beta-blockers when using the Flash cardio sequence. The realities of healthcare today often do not permit the interruptions in workflow, longer patient prepara ...
... unprecedented temporal resolution of 75 ms. This permits imaging the heart without the clinical, workflow and financial aspects of utilizing beta-blockers when using the Flash cardio sequence. The realities of healthcare today often do not permit the interruptions in workflow, longer patient prepara ...
Nanoscale and Ultrafast Imaging of Magnetic Materials with
... for miniaturization and higher densities, there is also interest in exploring faster processes and pathways to manipulate magnetism. These naturally lead to motivations in studying nanoscale and ultrafast magnetism. Resonant soft x-ray scattering and imaging are unique techniques that can combine na ...
... for miniaturization and higher densities, there is also interest in exploring faster processes and pathways to manipulate magnetism. These naturally lead to motivations in studying nanoscale and ultrafast magnetism. Resonant soft x-ray scattering and imaging are unique techniques that can combine na ...
AAPM Report No 116A.qxd - dicom
... TG-116 recommends avoiding the concept of “speed class” when referring to DR system performance. The definition of radiographic speed according to ISO 9236-1[6] is based on the radiation exposure required to achieve a net optical density of 1.0 on the developed film. With DR there is no fixed relati ...
... TG-116 recommends avoiding the concept of “speed class” when referring to DR system performance. The definition of radiographic speed according to ISO 9236-1[6] is based on the radiation exposure required to achieve a net optical density of 1.0 on the developed film. With DR there is no fixed relati ...
Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield KT CBE. 28 August 1919
... Within a few months of the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in Würzburg, Germany, on 8 November 1895, the practice of medicine had been revolutionized. The ability to see inside the intact human body advanced the diagnosis of disease from the art of guesswork into a new era based on kno ...
... Within a few months of the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in Würzburg, Germany, on 8 November 1895, the practice of medicine had been revolutionized. The ability to see inside the intact human body advanced the diagnosis of disease from the art of guesswork into a new era based on kno ...
An Exposure Indicator for Digital Radiography Report of AAPM Task
... TG-116 recommends avoiding the concept of “speed class” when referring to DR system performance. The definition of radiographic speed according to ISO 9236-1[6] is based on the radiation exposure required to achieve a net optical density of 1.0 on the developed film. With DR there is no fixed relati ...
... TG-116 recommends avoiding the concept of “speed class” when referring to DR system performance. The definition of radiographic speed according to ISO 9236-1[6] is based on the radiation exposure required to achieve a net optical density of 1.0 on the developed film. With DR there is no fixed relati ...
06. Radiation Protection of Children During Computed Tomography
... • Scan the minimum length required and be restrictive in defining upper and lower limits. • Optimise scan parameters for volume coverage by using representative volume sample(s) when the entire volume is not needed (by sequential scans with gaps) to reduce dose-length product Vock and Wolf , Dose Op ...
... • Scan the minimum length required and be restrictive in defining upper and lower limits. • Optimise scan parameters for volume coverage by using representative volume sample(s) when the entire volume is not needed (by sequential scans with gaps) to reduce dose-length product Vock and Wolf , Dose Op ...
Multilayer Energy Discriminating Detector for Medical X
... In this research the use of a multilayer flat panel detector is examined for CEM that is designed to acquire both (low- and high-energy) images simultaneously, thus avoiding motion artifacts in the resulting subtracted image. For comparison, a dual-energy technique prone to motion artifacts that use ...
... In this research the use of a multilayer flat panel detector is examined for CEM that is designed to acquire both (low- and high-energy) images simultaneously, thus avoiding motion artifacts in the resulting subtracted image. For comparison, a dual-energy technique prone to motion artifacts that use ...
Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology
... cathode wire bearing assembly anode disk ...
... cathode wire bearing assembly anode disk ...
09. Quality Assurance in Paediatric Radiological - RPOP
... children are more sensitive to ionizing radiation and QA is therefore even more important Yes, we are ...
... children are more sensitive to ionizing radiation and QA is therefore even more important Yes, we are ...
Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography
... the average lifetime attributable risk of incidence and mortality for all cancers from an exposure of 10 mSv is approximately 0.1 and 0.05%, respec‑ tively [6] . Such an estimated risk is much lower than the incidence and mortality rate of naturally occurring cancers, which are approximately 42 and ...
... the average lifetime attributable risk of incidence and mortality for all cancers from an exposure of 10 mSv is approximately 0.1 and 0.05%, respec‑ tively [6] . Such an estimated risk is much lower than the incidence and mortality rate of naturally occurring cancers, which are approximately 42 and ...
Chapter 8
... typically 100 μm in dimension. It is obvious that there is the need not only to maximize the subject contrast, for the detection of soft-tissue lesions, but also to obtain a high degree of resolution and low level of noise. In addition, due to the risks of ionizing radiation, the dose in the breast ...
... typically 100 μm in dimension. It is obvious that there is the need not only to maximize the subject contrast, for the detection of soft-tissue lesions, but also to obtain a high degree of resolution and low level of noise. In addition, due to the risks of ionizing radiation, the dose in the breast ...
X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s), xray(s) and X ray(s).X-rays with photon energies above 5–10 keV (below 0.2–0.1 nm wavelength) are called hard X-rays, while those with lower energy are called soft X-rays. Due to their penetrating ability, hard X-rays are widely used to image the inside of objects, e.g., in medical radiography and airport security. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. Since the wavelengths of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms they are also useful for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography. By contrast, soft X-rays are easily absorbed in air and the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.There is no universal consensus for a definition distinguishing between X-rays and gamma rays. One common practice is to distinguish between the two types of radiation based on their source: X-rays are emitted by electrons, while gamma rays are emitted by the atomic nucleus. This definition has several problems; other processes also can generate these high energy photons, or sometimes the method of generation is not known. One common alternative is to distinguish X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength (or equivalently, frequency or photon energy), with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m (0.1 Å), defined as gamma radiation.This criterion assigns a photon to an unambiguous category, but is only possible if wavelength is known. (Some measurement techniques do not distinguish between detected wavelengths.) However, these two definitions often coincide since the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes generally has a longer wavelength and lower photon energy than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei.Occasionally, one term or the other is used in specific contexts due to historical precedent, based on measurement (detection) technique, or based on their intended use rather than their wavelength or source.Thus, gamma-rays generated for medical and industrial uses, for example radiotherapy, in the ranges of 6–20 MeV, can in this context also be referred to as X-rays.