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The Structure and Function of Proteins Chapter 5 (continued)
The Structure and Function of Proteins Chapter 5 (continued)

... –  Amino acids are organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups –  Amino acids differ in their properties due to differing side chains, called R groups (see next slide) ...
Analysis on Organic Compounds Submitted by WWW
Analysis on Organic Compounds Submitted by WWW

... these unique proteins is found in the nucleus of the cell. The so‐called genetic code specifies the sequence of amino acids in the protein and thereby regulates the chemical activity taking place within the cell. Proteins also can serve as a reserve source of energy for the microorganism. When the a ...
II. Control of Metabolic Reactions
II. Control of Metabolic Reactions

... 11. The interaction of the enzyme-substrate complex causes chemical bonds to be strained in a substrate in a way that makes a chemical reaction more likely to occur. 12. The speed of enzyme-catalyzed reactions depends on the number of enzymes and substrate molecules. 13. Metabolic pathways are seque ...
Cellular Respiration - Chapter 8 (new book).
Cellular Respiration - Chapter 8 (new book).

... 3. aerobic respiration = requires oxygen 4. anaerobic respiration = does not require oxygen (yeast, bacteria) 5. some organisms produce their own “high energy” food molecules (autotrophic – “producers – plants, some bacteria) while other obtain their food molecules from other sources (heterotrophic ...
Chalkboard Challenge
Chalkboard Challenge

... 8 of 21) Place the steps of the scientific method in the correct order. ...
Chemistry Option B: Human Biochemistry
Chemistry Option B: Human Biochemistry

... complex, active site and induced fit model. (3m)  binding on the active site / lock and key / formation of substrate enzyme complex; Do not allow bind to enzyme.  active site depends on tertiary/quaternary structures (of the enzyme);  (as substrate binds) chemical bonds are broken and the product ...
LS1a Fall 2014 Lab 2 (PyMOL- Protein) question sheet Q1) (10 points)
LS1a Fall 2014 Lab 2 (PyMOL- Protein) question sheet Q1) (10 points)

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Chapter 3

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Nutrition

... acids must be found in the diet because the human body cannot produce them. There are about 10 essential amino acids. There are many references for these amino acids and they do not all agree. Some sources say there are only nine and some say even eight. The essential amino acids are as follows: CYS ...
Second test - rci.rutgers.edu
Second test - rci.rutgers.edu

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Discussion in Advanced Chemical Biology II
Discussion in Advanced Chemical Biology II

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Cynthia Smith - people.csail.mit.edu
Cynthia Smith - people.csail.mit.edu

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Organic Compounds Test ~Please DO NOT write on the test!~ 1
Organic Compounds Test ~Please DO NOT write on the test!~ 1

... A. a single unit of a macromolecule B. multiple units of a macromolecules that are bonded together C. same as a molecule D. the entire structure of a macromolecule 10. A major characteristic that all lipids have in common is A. They all contain phosphorus B. They all contain nitrogen C. None of them ...
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... RNA than in the base part of RNA (43%). Amino acids, in which side chain contacts are dominant, naturally revealed more diverse interaction propensities than nucleotides. One of the reasons that backbone contacts are more frequent than base contacts in RNA may be that the backbone part has more atom ...
Excitatory Amino Acids Brochure
Excitatory Amino Acids Brochure

... schizophrenia. Excitatory amino acid receptor agonists and antagonists are therefore of major interest as potential drugs for central nervous system disorders. Excitatory Amino Acids is the first book entirely dedicated to the results of human testing of modulators of excitatory amino acid neurotran ...
2. Glucogenic amino acids
2. Glucogenic amino acids

... 1. Only liver can replenish blood glucose through gluconeogenesis, because glucose-6- phosphatase is present mainly in liver. So liver plays the major role in maintaining the blood glucose level. 2. During starvation, Gluconeogenesis maintains normal blood glucose level. The stored glycogen is deple ...
Herbicide Mode of Action - Montana State University
Herbicide Mode of Action - Montana State University

...  Referred to as synthetic auxins (regulate growth in plant tissues)  Accumulation at growing points  Specific biochemical change responsible for killing plant is not known (probably several processes)  Grasses are not susceptible (may be due to differences in vascular tissue structure or differe ...
Bio-Macromolecules Worksheet
Bio-Macromolecules Worksheet

... condensation as water is produced when the monomers are bonded together. To break the polymers down again the reaction is called hydrolysis. Notice how water is used or produced in these two reactions shown to the right There are four classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and n ...
Proteins - foothill.edu
Proteins - foothill.edu

... •The nonpolar side chains are described as hydrophobic (water-fearing)—they are not attracted to water molecules. •To avoid aqueous body fluids, they gather into clusters that provide a water-free environment, often a pocket within a large protein molecule. •The polar, acidic, and basic side chains ...
Student Procedures
Student Procedures

... showing gradual changes over time from earlier forms to modern forms, and more are being found every year. All of this indicates that common ancestors connect all life forms to each other, much like the way you are related to your cousins because you have the same grandparents. When this flow of lif ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... stranded molecule, we only need to copy one side of the DNA. The side we use is the 3’ side. (NO lagging strand!!!) • Tell a partner WHY you thing we use the 3’ side of the DNA, be ready to share. • The 3’ side of DNA is called the antisense strand. The 5’ (uncopied) side is called the sense strand. ...
colon cleanse colon cleanse advanced
colon cleanse colon cleanse advanced

... of high-quality, easy-to-digest protein with the addition of amino acids, micronutrients, essential fatty acids, and metabolic cofactors makes ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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