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Enzymes
Enzymes

... Lower temperature ...
The Body`s Essential Building Blocks, Article by Gloria Gilbère, N.D.
The Body`s Essential Building Blocks, Article by Gloria Gilbère, N.D.

... heart, teeth, blood, brain, skin and billions of biochemical activities. Apart from water, the most abundant substance in the body is contained in the amino acid group; the matrix into which these substances are incorporated is protein. The brain is made-up of more than ...
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Self-Organizing Bio

... Give an insight of self-organizing processes in nature and how these designs inspired humans to create nano-sized objects ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... energy The more activation energy a reaction needs, the slower the reaction Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed ...
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Packet 2 - Organic Chemistry

... around faster (higher temperature) o Enzymes do not function well above or below the optimal (best) temperature o The enzyme denatures, or breaks down, if the enzyme gets too hot. ...
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... • Living cells devote more energy to the synthesis of proteins than to any other aspect of metabolism. • About a third of the dry mass of a cell consists of molecules that directly participate in protein synthesis • This reflects the importance of protein synthesis to the existence of the organism. ...
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

... Other nucleotides -ATP: adenosine triphosphate -primary energy currency of the cell -NAD+ and FAD: electron carriers for many cellular reactions ...
Untitled
Untitled

... First, the correct amino acid has the highest binding affinity for the active-site pocket (synthesis site) of its synthetase and is therefore favored over the other 19. Amino acids that are larger than the correct one are excluded from the active site based on size. However, this mechanism for proof ...
to find the lecture notes for lecture 4 cellular physiology click here
to find the lecture notes for lecture 4 cellular physiology click here

... – most plasma membrane and secreted proteins have one or more carbohydrate chains that help target them to the correct location – some glycosylation occurs in the ER, others in the various sacs of the Golgi – in the Golgi are the addition of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides – specific sugar residues ...
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enzymes - MBBS Students Club

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... Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol of many organisms but in the chloroplasts of plant • In most higher eukaryotes, fatty acid synthase complex is found in cytosol. • Usually, NADPH carries electrons for anabolic reactions, and NAD+ in catabolic reactions. • In plants, NADPH is produced in t ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Lectures For UG-5
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Lectures For UG-5

... The nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway occur in all cell types synthesizing nucleotides and nucleic acids. These reactions catalyze the interconversion of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-carbon sugars (Figure 13.2). These reversible reactions permit ribulose 5-phosphate (p ...
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Macromolecule Basics

... • Organic molecules are the molecules which exist in all living things. • They are life’s building blocks. • All organic things are formed from these organic molecules. • There are four categories of organic molecules: ...
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Title Effect of Glutamine Analogs on Glutaminase Formation in

... The formation of asparaginase of Escherichiacoli was not increased when a complex medium or an amino acid free medium were supplemented with L-asparagine (24). Only among species of Pseudomonashas there been evidence of a marked inducible formation of asparaginase by asparagine or aspartic acid (25) ...
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... 1. Define the terms ‘transcriptome' and ‘proteome' 2. Draw a diagram illustrating the modern interpretation of the genome expression pathway, indicating the main points at which genome expression is regulated 3. Distinguish between coding and non-coding RNA and give examples of each type 4. Outline ...
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Searching for Genes

... Cellulose Synthase Genes: Where do we start? All branches on the tree of life share common roots. One way to study those roots is to look to DNA sequences. So, when the Roberts lab began studying the evolution of cellulose synthesis, one place they looked was at the available DNA sequence informatio ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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