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Lecture 4
Lecture 4

... - Ubiquitous (nearly; including ectotherms) – prevent membrane potential getting to high? ...
Extracting System of Accurate ORFs
Extracting System of Accurate ORFs

... case where a frame shift error exists on a cDNA sequence, an ORF is split and displayed over 2 frames. Further, since the border of the split ORF is not clear, an amino acid sequence is, in general, identified with an error of tens of bases. It has been reported that statistical information included ...
Catalogue Number CTK-573 Synonyms HCNTF, CNTF, Ciliary
Catalogue Number CTK-573 Synonyms HCNTF, CNTF, Ciliary

... phenotype is not causally related to neurologic disease. In addition to the predominant monocistronic transcript originating from this locus, the gene is also co-transcribed with the upstream ZFP91 gene. Co-transcription from the two loci results in a transcript that contains a complete coding regio ...
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Article - Nature

... characterized. Their involvement in secondary metabolism has been suggested because they are encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for their respective compounds. GrhP,13 RubR, ORF11,14 and TblS, which belong to the same clade, have no catalytic Cys ...
clin sys MENU v 8
clin sys MENU v 8

... ELITech Clinical Systems offers a broad and growing menu of liquid-stable reagents backed by more than 25 years of experience in assay development and reagent manufacturing. ELITech reagents are: ...
Types of Organic compounds
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... and a hydroxyl group attached to the same carbon atom, resulting in new properties. Carboxyl groups frequently ionize, releasing the H from the hydroxyl group as a free proton (H+), with the remaining O carrying a negative charge. Molecules containing carboxyl groups are called carboxylic acids and ...
Poster
Poster

... The concept of antibiotic resistance, the ability of an organism to grow in the presence of an antibiotic (Science Daily, 2016), is one of the primary concerns that accompanies antibiotic use. When such a bacterium carries several antibiotic resistance genes, it is referred to as multi-drug resistan ...
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Hydrolysis of Aspartame
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Biological Macromolecules and Lipids
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... c. Describe the structural and sequence elements that are common to all tRNA molecules, addressing the function of each of the elements. What forces stabilize the tRNAs' structural features? d. Outline the steps by which aminoacyl tRNA synthetases charge tRNAs. How can some organisms get away with h ...
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... control (84.3 and 81.8% in the years, respectively), while the lowest was observed in the treatment with single harrowing (38.0 and 31.2 %). The method of nitrogen application did not differentiate the efficacy of weed control in winter triticale. In the years of the study, the content of exogenous ...
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Uncommon pathways of metabolism among lactic acid bacteria

... they appear, thus far, to be produced only by certain marine invertebrates [~3,44] and constitute the opines produced in crowri gall of plants infected by species of Agrobacterium [40,42]. Biosynthesis of the carboxyethyl derivatives of ornithlne and lysine occurs by a relatively simple NADPH-depend ...
Decreto - European Commission
Decreto - European Commission

... setting out the approval of the amendments to the regulation of the denomination "Parmigiano Reggiano", registered on the register of protected denominations of origin and protected geographical indications, in which it is established that the "grated" type must, among other requirements, have an am ...
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... neurotransmitters in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses interacting with a surrounding astrocyte. The glutamate–glutamine cycle, including the glutamine synthetase (GS) reaction, is indicated in the glutamatergic neuron–astrocyte interaction. Analogously, the GABA– glutamate–glutamine cycle, inclu ...
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CHEM 220 Problem Set 3
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Exam I Cell and Molecular Biology September 26, 2007 This exam
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... phospholipids to form hydrophilic associations with water at the same time as forming hydrophobic associations with each other through their hydrophobic tails. Triacylglycerols are strictly hydrophobic in nature and hence in an aqueous environment tend to associate with one another to form lipid dro ...
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DNA Strand 2
DNA Strand 2

Chapter 15: Amines 1. What are the different types of amines? Be
Chapter 15: Amines 1. What are the different types of amines? Be

... Chapter 15: Amines 1.! What are the different types of amines?  Be able to recognize primary, secondary, tertiary, and heterocyclic amines, as well as quaternary ammonium ions. 2.! How are amines named?  Be able to name simple amines and write their structures, given the names.! 3.! What are the gen ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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