• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

... cytoplasm. – On ribosome, translation begins at START codon. – Each codon attracts an anticodon aka tRNA – tRNA carries an amino acid. – Amino acids bond and move along the mRNA – Continues until reaches STOP codon and forms polypeptide and mRNA is released. ...
Chapter 5, part A
Chapter 5, part A

... • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
BIOL103 Review Questions for Midterm 2 SP16
BIOL103 Review Questions for Midterm 2 SP16

... 7. Describe  how  proteins  digest  and  absorb?  Where  does  it  start?  Name  all  the   enzymes.   8. What  problems  would  someone  with  celiac  disease  or  cystic  fibrosis  have  when   digesting  certain  proteins?   9. When  syn ...
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Metabolism

...  each pathway may have branch points for metabolites to enter or leave Why have metabolic reactions with so many steps? 1) energy input and output can be controlled - energy transfer occurs in discrete steps as it it transferred to acceptors a little at a time 2) enzymes can catalyze only a single ...
Energy Releasing Pathway
Energy Releasing Pathway

... to the amount of yeast present. 4. In 1897 the Buchner brothers outlined the steps of glycolysis key to fermentation. 5. In the early 1900’s Szent-Györgyi designed Citric Acid Cycle, failed to show relationship to fermentation. 6. Krebs in 1938 linked glycolysis to citric Acid Cycle via enzyme CoA. ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... Control METABOLISM Metabolic reactions can be controlled and sped up by enzymes ...
Effect of β-Alanine Supplementation on High
Effect of β-Alanine Supplementation on High

... diet. Direct oral β-alanine supplementation will compensate for low meat and fish intake, significantly increasing the muscle carnosine concentration by as much as 80% within 10 weeks, above that maintained by a mixed diet [2]. Supplementation is best achieved using a sustained release formulation o ...
Resume - TILT - Colorado State University
Resume - TILT - Colorado State University

... 1. Synthesis of Macromolecules by allylic oxidative cyclization Macromolecules are very important in common because it has significant characteristics of chemical nature. These Macromolecules can be synthesized by different methods of cyclization. Our group was successful in doing cyclization by all ...
ACID BASE - Union City High School
ACID BASE - Union City High School

... ions, thereby increasing the concentration of H+ ions.   Because hydrogen atom consists of a proton and an electron, H+ is simply a ...
(18 pts) Pyruvate can be converted to a variety of othe
(18 pts) Pyruvate can be converted to a variety of othe

... The molecule could undergo any of a variety of different chemical reactions. Each would lead to a different product. Starting with pyruvate, for example, a carbon-carbon bond break would lead to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Reduction would lead to lactate. 2. (14 pts) Electron transport has some fund ...
Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme Kinetics

... (1) Mix enzyme + substrate (2) Record rate of product formation as a function of time (the velocity of reaction) (3) Plot initial velocity versus substrate concentration. (4) Change substrate concentration and repeat ...
October 15 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
October 15 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science

... allosteric inhibitor binds to allosteric site causes enzyme to change shape  conformational change  active site is no longer functional binding site  keeps enzyme inactive ...
Improving orthogonal tRNA-synthetase recognition for
Improving orthogonal tRNA-synthetase recognition for

... Optimizing the anticodon recognition between orthogonal tRNA and synthetase significantly increased the incorporation efficiencies of various unnatural amino acids in mammalian cells, and the enhanced incorporation enabled efficient photocrosslinking of interacting proteins in mammalian cells. Unnat ...
Open Reading Frames and Codon Bias in Streptomyces coelicolor
Open Reading Frames and Codon Bias in Streptomyces coelicolor

... Pro, Arg) while others are AT-rich (Phe, Tyr). A bias in amino acid composition of proteins has been noted in species with a very high or very low GC content [9]. We noted a severe bias in the amino acid composition of the putative protein products of the genes in S. coelicolor. Ten amino acids (GPA ...
7.2: Properties, Names, and Formulas page 268 •Acids and bases
7.2: Properties, Names, and Formulas page 268 •Acids and bases

... 7.2: Properties, Names, and Formulas ...
Request reprint ©
Request reprint ©

... as fuel during flight (Scaraffia and Wells, 2003). However, when proline serves as a source of energy, alanine and glutamine seem to be involved in the shuttling of the amino group between the flight muscle and the fat body to avoid ammonia’s toxic effects (Scaraffia and Wells, 2003). In correlation wit ...
university of east anglia
university of east anglia

... Answer ALL questions. Unless stated otherwise all multiple choice questions have ONE answer. ...
AROMA COMPOUNDS IN FRENCH FRIES FROM THREE POTATO
AROMA COMPOUNDS IN FRENCH FRIES FROM THREE POTATO

... and Maris Piper (MP). Most of the remaining aroma compounds were clustered with King Edwards (KE) and the amino acids alanine, serine and glycine, which were separated from the other amino acids along PC 2. These amino acids have been shown to be important in the formation of low-molecular weight py ...
Partial Class Notes Chapters 3 and 5 (4 slides/page)
Partial Class Notes Chapters 3 and 5 (4 slides/page)

... example of a mutation in humans, or in industryrelevant plants, animals or microbes. Present, on a single, one-sided, typed page, the amino acid mutated, the phenotype of the effect on the organism, the molecular reason that the mutation causes the effect(s), and the effect that this mutation has on ...
The Chemistry of Life
The Chemistry of Life

... Enzyme- Biological Catalyst Catalyst  a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction  Enzyme is a catalytic protein.  Enzymes provide a way for reactions to occur by lowering the activation energy  Activation Energy energy required to get a reaction ...
Word Notes - Eric Hamber Secondary
Word Notes - Eric Hamber Secondary

... - some inhibitors are temporary, therefore, controlling the inhibitors controls the enzyme. ...
BCMB 3100 – Chapter 3 (part 1)
BCMB 3100 – Chapter 3 (part 1)

... Most polypeptides contain between ____________ amino acids Average M.W. for an amino acid is ____________ so M.W. of most proteins is 5500 to 220,000 daltons. (One dalton equals one atomic mass unit; kilodalton = 1000 daltons). Most proteins have M.W. of 5.5-220 kd. Some proteins contain disulfide b ...
Active site amino acid sequence of the bovine O6
Active site amino acid sequence of the bovine O6

... C containing 0.5M NaCl was used. This altered elution behaviour indicates possible aggregation of the methyltransferase or interaction with other proteins at the lower salt concentration. The active fractions were pooled and concentrated using an Amicon ultrafiltration cell equipped with a Diaflo YM ...
practice midterm
practice midterm

... 76. For the DNA sequence GCCTAT in one polynucleotide chain, the sequence found in the other polynucleotide chain is A) CGGATA. B) GCCATA. C) CGGAUA. D) ATTCGC. E) GCCTAT. 77. The timing of DNA replication and cell division is regulated carefully for which of the following reasons? A) so that the DN ...
File
File

... denaturing enzymes or occupying the enzyme's active site S9 that it does not function. In some cases, enzymes , will not function without cofactors, such as vitamins or trace elements. In the four graphs below, the rate of reaction or degree of enzyme activity is plotted against each of four factors ...
< 1 ... 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report