• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Lecture_10_F11
Lecture_10_F11

Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... Chemical components Molecular structures Structure-function relationship Physical and chemical properties Exploration of proteins ...
Document
Document

... ◦ Useful in determining the function of unknown proteins ...
Structure, Mechanism, and Disease Implications of Acetyl CoA
Structure, Mechanism, and Disease Implications of Acetyl CoA

... Abstract: The ubiquitous acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a pivotal enzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The importance of this enzyme is needed in the initiating reaction for synthesizing fatty acids, which are very important when used as fuel molecules and providing ...
Molecular Sequence Programs
Molecular Sequence Programs

... A feature of the nucleotide sequence programs other than DNAMOVE is that they save time and computer memory space by recognizing sites at which the pattern of bases is the same, and doing their computation only once. Thus if we have only four species but a large number of sites, there are ...
11.1 Types of Lipids 11.2 Fatty Acids
11.1 Types of Lipids 11.2 Fatty Acids

... hydroxyl (-OH) group bound at each carbon. A single molecule of glycerol can react with up to three fatty acid molecules, one at each OH group. A monoglyceride contains one fatty acid attached to glycerol, a diglyceride contains two fatty acids and a triglyceride contains three fatty acids. Most nat ...
ppt - Vanderbilt University
ppt - Vanderbilt University

... Fibrous. Polypeptides strands that “bundle” to form elongated fibrous assemblies; insoluble; Globular. Proteins that fold into a “spherical” conformation . Hydrophobic effect. Proteins will fold so that hydrophobic amino acids are on the inside (shielded from water) and hydrophilic amino acids are o ...
N-Methylated Amino Acids
N-Methylated Amino Acids

PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

... transitions, and W/S or K/M mutations (pyrimidine to purine, or vice versa) are transversions. To demonstrate the value of the binary representation, all possible single nucleotide mutations were classified as Y/R, W/S, or K/M, and graded according to the severity of the resulting change in the amin ...
chapter_5_Mod_2009
chapter_5_Mod_2009

... The “pressure” created by this concentration gradient drive the diffusion of the protons. ...
Protein Tertiary and Quaternary Structure
Protein Tertiary and Quaternary Structure

... cell anemia. How does replacing the glutamic acid with valine affect the protein structure? A charged amino acid is replaced with a non-polar amino acid on the surface of the protein. This hydrophobic patch will seek to avoid water. d. Quaternary structure is the association of multiple polypeptide ...
Protein degradation and regulation
Protein degradation and regulation

... C. Regulation by ancillary proteins: Several viral proteins exploit the ubiquitin system by targeting for degradation cellular substrates which may interfere with propagation of the virus. In some instances, the viral protein functions as a bridging‘ element between the E3 and the substrate, thus co ...
Chemistry: Biological Molecules (GPC)
Chemistry: Biological Molecules (GPC)

... through our digestive system is called dietary ber. While the glucose-glucose bonds in cellulose cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes, herbivores such as cows, bualos, and horses are able to digest grass that is rich in cellulose and use it as a food source. In these animals, certain s ...
B1 - BBS Biology Revision
B1 - BBS Biology Revision

... a) Protein molecules are made up of long chains of amino acids. These long chains are folded to produce a specific shape that enables other molecules to fit into the protein. Proteins act as: ■ structural components of tissues such as muscles ■ hormones, ■ antibodies ■ catalysts. b) Catalysts increa ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
Karbohidrat Metabolizması

... induction of gluconeogenic enzymes (especially PEPCK, but also other key GNG enzymes in Table 1) with permissive effect of glucocorticoids such as cortisol. Glycolytic enzymes such as GK and PK are repressed. Starvation and Diabetes both induce a large decrease in glucagon / insulin ratio and cause ...
18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview
18.2 Protein Structure and Function: An Overview

... which the chains form long fibers or sheets. Wool, hair, and fingernails are made of fibrous proteins known as a-keratins which are composed almost completely of a-helixes. ► In a-keratins pairs of a-helixes are twisted together into small fibrils that are in turn twisted into larger and larger bund ...
CHAPTER 6 Gene Expression: Translation
CHAPTER 6 Gene Expression: Translation

... c. An additional sequence 8–12 nucleotides upstream from the AUG is commonly involved. Discovered by Shine and Dalgarno, these purinerich sequences (e.g., AGGAGG) are complementary to the 3’r end of the 16S rRNA (Figure 6.12) d. Complementarity between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the 3’r end of ...
protein - Portal UniMAP
protein - Portal UniMAP

... compact and water-soluble In their function, usually require them to bind precisely to other molecules Most enzyme are globular Myoglobin & hemoglobin are typical example of globular protein Both are hemoprotein and each is involved in oxygen metabolism ...
Co-enzyme
Co-enzyme

... Adrenaline  results  in  the  release  of  glucose  which  allows  for  rapid  produc6on  of  energy   ...
v11_10-31-08_ppt_14MB - UW Courses Web Server
v11_10-31-08_ppt_14MB - UW Courses Web Server

... can only observe these regions at infrared wavelengths which can penetrate the thick dust clouds in which they are embedded, it is predicted that circular polarization should also be present at the ultraviolet wavelengths needed for asymmetric photolysis of molecules such as amino acids. If our own ...
Analysis of 16 amino acids in tobacco by ion pair
Analysis of 16 amino acids in tobacco by ion pair

...  Amino acids can be analyzed by ESI LC MS MS without derivation in tobaccos  Results are comparable to our current method  The major amino acids can be analyzed within 6 ...
Info
Info

... Figure I.5. (A) The alphabetic (Greek) labeling of carbons in an alkanoic acid, showing an amino group at the Cα. (B) A Fischer projection showing the Lconfiguration of the naturally occurring amino acids, converted to the standard 3D projection on a 2D surface. The name "amino acid" describes the c ...
Kinetics of gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange and gas
Kinetics of gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange and gas

... results indicate for all compounds protonation of the a-amino group in agreement with theoretical results. Also, with both reagents, all compounds exchange at the COOH site more than ten times faster than at the protonation site, with OH and NH sites of Tyr and Trp, respectively, exchanging slowest. ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

... • Phospholipids make up all cell membranes. – Polar phosphate “head” – Nonpolar fatty acid “tails” Phospholipid ...
Metabolism: the Degradation and Synthesis of Living Cells
Metabolism: the Degradation and Synthesis of Living Cells

... phosphorylated intermediates (Nobel Prize in 1929). ...
< 1 ... 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report