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Citric Acid Cycle Overview
Citric Acid Cycle Overview

... by acetyl‐CoA a good regulatory strategy? ...
LIPID METABOLISM BIOSYNTHESIS or DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF
LIPID METABOLISM BIOSYNTHESIS or DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF

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Week 1 Pre-Lecture Slides
Week 1 Pre-Lecture Slides

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characteristics and stabilization of dnaase

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... The carbons are filled with hydrogens. Unhealthy. They mostly come from animals. Become solid at room temperature. Examples: lard, butter, animal fats… ...
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... • Control coefficient determined for each enzyme. =  activity /  enzyme concentration. • Enzymes with large control coefficients impt to overall regulation. • Recent finding suggest that the control of most pathways is shared by multiple pathway enzymes ...
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MCB Lecture 2 – Protein Metabolism
MCB Lecture 2 – Protein Metabolism

... o EF-Tu. It brings an amino acid to the A-Site What is the Prokaryotic Ortholog for eEF2? What does it do? o EF-G. It does translocation. What does PAB bind to? o The 3’ Poly A Tail of mRNA What does eIF4E bind to? o The 5’ Cap of mRNA What does elF4G do? o Grabs the PAB and eIF4E, which brings toge ...
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3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration

... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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