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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... is a small RNA that has a very specific secondary and tertiary structure such that it can bind an amino acid at one end, and mRNA at the other end. It acts as an adaptor to carry the amino acid elements of a protein to the appropriate place as coded for by the mRNA. T ...
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Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2000 - Third Exam

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BB 451/551 Exam 1 - Oregon State University
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The Role of Nuclear Receptor-FGF Pathways in Hormonal

... produced in liver and other tissues by β-oxidation of fatty acids is further processed in the TCA cycle to produce ATP. In ketotic states, most of hepatic acetylCoA is converted into ketone bodies, which can be stored in hepatocytes or secreted to the blood. Usage of ketone bodies for ATP production ...
SG 1,2,3
SG 1,2,3

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ENZYMES - York Catholic District School Board

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Three-Dimensional Structure of Adenosylcobinamide Kinase

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CBS (EC 4.2.1.22). The rate equation for the CBS reaction

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Supplementary Materials and Methods

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Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cloning of

... Local action of glucocorticoids depends on various processes such as passage through the cell membrane, binding to the glucocorticoid receptors, specific interaction of receptor–ligand complex with genes bearing glucocorticoid response element or with other transcription factors, and on intracellular ...
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... True or False: Energy can be obtained from food products other than carbohydrates by converting those food sources into molecules that enter glycolysis or the citric acid cycle at other points. A) True B) False ...
INFERRING PROPERTY SELECTION PRESSURE FROM
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... many positions and types of proteins, which can at best capture the selection pressures corresponding to the most dominant properties. While this sort of averaging yields a reasonable measure of overall conservation, it will blur specific pressures, making it difficult to distinguish the effect of one ...
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Unique plant respiration
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... – Glucose converted to pyruvate • 2) Citric Acid Cycle (aka Krebs or TCA cycle) – Pyruvate converted to CO2 and electrons • 3) Electron transport chain – Electrons reduce O2 to H20 and create ATP Energy storage • Plants store energy in the form of the carbohydrates sucrose and starch • In stroma of ...
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... The flavonoids are phenolic compounds derived ultimately from phenylalanine, and thus share a common metabolic source with lignins and lignans (see below). The first committed step in flavonoid biosynthesis is the conversion of the precursor 4-coumaroyl-CoA into chalcone by the enzyme chalcone synth ...
Hormonal regulation and pathologies of carbohydrate metabolism
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... which signal that the energy charge is high and that building blocks are abundant, inhibit the pyruvate kinase. ADP inhibits phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase. Pyruvate carboxylase is activated by acetyl CoA and Gluconeogenesis is favored when the cell is rich inhibited by ADP. in biosynthetic prec ...
Aalborg Universitet Characterization of Lipoxygenases from Potato Tuber (cv. kuras)
Aalborg Universitet Characterization of Lipoxygenases from Potato Tuber (cv. kuras)

... The three Lox isoforms from leaf plus leaf and root are longer at their N-termini, corresponding to chloroplast targeting signals. Tuber StLoxs are found in vacuoles, but the transport mechanism is unknown due to no known targeting signal. Tuber Loxs are more closely related to the pathogen-induced ...
ENZYMOLOGY
ENZYMOLOGY

... Lipoic acid is a cofactor of the multienzyme complexes pyruvic dehydrogenase (PDH) and αketoglutaric dehydrogenase (α-KDH). There is no evidence of a requirement by man who presumably can synthesize it in the amounts required. Lipoic acid exists in both oxidized and reduced forms due to the ability ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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