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2. Proteins have Hierarchies of Structure
2. Proteins have Hierarchies of Structure

... Figure II.2.12. Common reverse turns γ and β turns connect adjacent strands of an antiparallel β-sheet. The dashed lines indicate the last hydrogen bond of the β-sheet. γ turns are very tight; they are made up of three residues, one of which is not involved in hydrogen bonding. The more common β tur ...
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3 - Moodle NTOU

A unique segment of the hepatitis B virus group A genotype
A unique segment of the hepatitis B virus group A genotype

Bacteriophage lambda surface display of a bacterial biotin acceptor
Bacteriophage lambda surface display of a bacterial biotin acceptor

... for protein biotin ligases in other organisms. On the basis of our results, however, it is highly unlikely that a 13-amino acid peptide derived from Kp_OAD is able to e¡ect biotinylation in E. coli. The presented data clearly demonstrate that bacteriophage lambda surface display is a powerful techni ...
Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions that Alter the Substrate Specificity of TEM-1 b-Lactamase.
Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions that Alter the Substrate Specificity of TEM-1 b-Lactamase.

... Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. ...
Branched chain aldehydes: production and breakdown pathways
Branched chain aldehydes: production and breakdown pathways

... add to the total set of possible reactions in the system. For example, lysis of bacteria is a process where the intracellular enzymes suddenly end up in a total different environment, with not only different substrate and cofactor concentrations but also physical parameters such as pH. ...
PDF format - JOP. Journal of the Pancreas
PDF format - JOP. Journal of the Pancreas

... version 11 (SPSS Inc, Rostock, IL, USA). The MannWhitney U test was used to compare continuous data between two groups. The Spearman correlation was used for bivariate correlations and the Fisher’s exact test was used in order to analyze 2x2 tables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was perf ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... authors named these forms as spheromastigotes due to the presence of an incipient flagellum that does not emerge from the cell; (ii) trypomastigotes (trypo = to drill, referring to a property of this cell to attach to glass by one point while making rotatory movements), an infective, flagellated and ...
Biochemistry Powerpoint - Glasgow Independent Schools
Biochemistry Powerpoint - Glasgow Independent Schools

Incorporation of radioactive citrate into fatty acids
Incorporation of radioactive citrate into fatty acids

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... Kindergarten Schedule – 30 minute activity; 2 classes at a time (12 total – 6 rotations) ...
Study Guide Questions Midterm 2
Study Guide Questions Midterm 2

... 14. What  are  the  differences  among  VLDL,  LDL,  IDL,  and  HDL  –  not  just  their   composition  but  what  they  carry/deliver/pick  up?   15. Why  do  people  use  Olestra?   16. Name  some  diseases/health  risks  associated  with ...
The “m”
The “m”

... This chart shows the amino acids coded for by each of the 64 possible mRNA codons. To find which amino acid the codon CAA codes for, follow these steps. (1) Look on the left side of the chart to find the large row of codons that begin with C. (2) Move across this row until you get to the column of ...
Roberts, LM Dept. of Chemistry California State
Roberts, LM Dept. of Chemistry California State

Effects of Amino Acids Replacing Nitrate on Growth - dl.edi
Effects of Amino Acids Replacing Nitrate on Growth - dl.edi

... were transplanted into 2 000 mL plastic pots filled with a 1/2-strength Hoagland’s solution. Each pot was planted with five seedlings, and the planted pots were kept in a greenhouse. There were 126 pots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 21 treatments and six replications. The twenty- ...
COURSE SYLLABUS BCH 4024: INTRODUCTION TO
COURSE SYLLABUS BCH 4024: INTRODUCTION TO

... Prerequisites: Organic Chemistry (CHM 2210 and 2211, CHM 2215 and 2216, or their equivalents at other universities) or consent of course coordinator. CHM 2200 is not an acceptable prerequisite for BCH 4024. Recommended Text: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 6th edition, by David L. Nelson and M ...
Lipids WORD 1000 KB - Science Learning Hub
Lipids WORD 1000 KB - Science Learning Hub

... referred to as saturated fat. If carbon–carbon double bonds are present in the fatty acid, it is said to be unsaturated. For example, olive oil contains a mixture of glyceryl fatty acid esters, which, on digestion, yield unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and linolenic. Oleic acid is ve ...
Krebs Intro and CycleON
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... Prepping step. Pyruvate is decarboxylated and also oxidized. The hydrogens are used to reduced NAD. Technically not a part of the Kreb’s cycle ...
Dusty Carroll Lesson Plan 4
Dusty Carroll Lesson Plan 4

... formation of dimers, then dimerization of the dimers to form the tetramer. (7) Each domain has a hydrophobic core, consistent with the notion that the monomers formed individually before joining. Some of the domains then interact with each other through polar networks on their exterior surfaces. The ...
pentose phosphate pathway
pentose phosphate pathway

... membrane and goes out. 3. Now again the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase convert Malate to oxaloacetate. Now this Oxaloacetate is converted to the phosphoenolpyruvate by enzyme enzyme PEP carboxykinase. (Other steps are simple reaction) ...
Intermediary Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat
Intermediary Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat

... Phosphofructokinase then catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved by aldolase into the two triose phosphates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter are interconverted by triose phosphate is ...
Biomolecules discussion
Biomolecules discussion

... Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Monomers, Polymers, and Dehydration Synthesis - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/monomers-polymers-dehydrationsynthesis.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Lipids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April ...
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GOALS FOR LECTURE 9:

... Phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycolysis and is the most important control point. It is also the first irreversible step that is unique to the glycolytic pathway; G6P can be used as an intermediate in other pathways including glycogen synthesis and the pentose phospha ...
Introducing Dr. Rodger Murphree
Introducing Dr. Rodger Murphree

... anaerobic and aerobic exercise. It may also be involved in the trigger point pains associated with fibromyalgia (9). “Malic acid gave subjective improvement within 48 hours in one study.” Sherry Rodgers M.D., Pain Free in Six Weeks. CoEnzyme Q10 – 30mg – important nutrient for cellular energy. ...
The digestion of triacylglycerols produces a mixture of the anions of
The digestion of triacylglycerols produces a mixture of the anions of

... Whenever acetyl CoA molecules are made within mitochondria but are not needed for catabolism, they are exported to the cytosol for anabolism, synthesis of other species. The cell has to invest ATP to make fatty acids from smaller molecules and the first investment occurs in the first step. Bicarbona ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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