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Section 2
Section 2

... Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
The Wall Becomes Surmountable
The Wall Becomes Surmountable

... 5°C day/night cycling temperature. These data suggest that regulation of flux to Suc is both a point of cool temperature sensitivity in cotton fiber cellulose synthesis. Callose is a general term for the 1,3-␤-glucans that are widely distributed in higher plants. During normal growth and development ...
AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science

...  1. All living organisms consist mostly of water.  2. The adult human body is about 60% water, by weight, and 75% by volume.  3. As much as 95% of the weight of some plants is due to the water they contain. ...
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Molecular Biology of the Cell

... 2) Phospholipid: phosphatidylserine flips to outlet leaflet of lipid bilayer of plasma membrane (Fig 10-3, Fig 10-16)  Marker for apoptosis  Signal to neighboring cells, macrophages (“Eat me” signal) ...
Laser-Micropipet Combination for Single-Cell Analysis
Laser-Micropipet Combination for Single-Cell Analysis

... separated within the capillary and detected on- or off-line. The groups of Yeung and Ewing initially demonstrated the vast potential of capillary electrophoresis for the study of mammalian cells.8-12 For many studies of these much smaller mammalian cells (10-50-µm diameter), an entire cell is loaded ...
The Plant Extracellular Matrix: News from the Cell`s
The Plant Extracellular Matrix: News from the Cell`s

... would have been! Just one year later his group’s derivatization techniquss and chromatographic separations revealedthe fundamental linkage structures of several complex pectic polysaccharides, confirmed the structure of the major crosslinking glycan, xylogucan (XyG), and as a result, they proposed t ...
Motion of red blood cells in a capillary with an - AJP
Motion of red blood cells in a capillary with an - AJP

... in the hamster cremaster muscle. The widths of these columns increased 0.8–1 ␮m after a light-dye treatment, without observable changes in capillaries’ anatomic diameters. These results were interpreted to show that disrupting the glycocalyx (ESL) by a photodynamic process increased the space availa ...
An in vitro System to Study Interactions between Bacteria and
An in vitro System to Study Interactions between Bacteria and

... EDTA, as used by Evans et al. (1971), destabilized the cell membranes and was therefore not used. Despite these precautions and the speed with which the first flushing steps were carried out, epithelial cells were already detached from the lamina propria when the intestinal segments were everted, as ...
6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during
6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during

... et al., 1998). These data showed that the core domain of CP provides a function essential during cell-to-cell movement and that the variable N- and C-terminal regions exposed on the virion surface are necessary for long distance transport. CI is further associated with PD, producing conical structur ...
gamete interaction in flowering plants
gamete interaction in flowering plants

... possibility of identifying both male and female gametespecific expressed genes [19,22–28]. Respective promoters now serve as valuable tools to drive expression of fluorescent proteins in Arabidopsis gametes, enabling live imaging of the fertilization process. Figure 2 shows the events following sper ...
ECM and Drusen
ECM and Drusen

... The first clinical indication of AMD is the presence of drusen. However, with age and prior to the formation of drusen, extracellular basal deposits accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BrM). Many studies on the molecular composition of the basal deposits and ...
Monera: Eubacteria
Monera: Eubacteria

... • Spiraled eubacteria move in a rolling motion by fibrils inside the cells. • Round eubacteria that live underwater can move by release gas. • The most common type of locomotion is by a flagella. Flagella are protein filaments powered by a molecular motor. They spin rapidly and allow the cell to mov ...
Anatomic variation of alveolar antral artery
Anatomic variation of alveolar antral artery

... report here two cases in which dissection revealed an extraosseous placement of this artery, between the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus and the Schneiderian membrane. The frequency of occurrence of the intraosseous anastomosis should be so modified from 100% to < 100%. This arterial course over ...
Regulation of Potassium Transport in Leaves: from Molecular to
Regulation of Potassium Transport in Leaves: from Molecular to

... There are striking differences between growth patterns of different regions of the leaf lamina and yet expansion of various leaf tissues is highly coordinated. It is believed that the epidermis normally restricts leaf expansion (Van Volkenburgh, 1999), presumably due to the fact that epidermal cells ...
Galluzzi et al., 2007. Cell Death and Differentition 14:1237-1266
Galluzzi et al., 2007. Cell Death and Differentition 14:1237-1266

... from progressive cellular condensation and budding, and eventually are engulfed by resident phagocytic cells (e.g. epithelial cells or fibroblasts). Biochemical analyses of DNA fragmentation or caspase activation should not be used to define apoptosis, because this type of cell death can occur witho ...
Plant ER geometry and dynamics: A complex web of cytoskeletal
Plant ER geometry and dynamics: A complex web of cytoskeletal

... endoplasm and is continuous with adjacent cells as it passes ...
Nutrient Uptake, Solute Transport
Nutrient Uptake, Solute Transport

... location to another is known as transport. Plants exchange solutes and water with their environment and among their tissues and organs. Both local and longdistance transport processes in plants are controlled largely by cellular membranes. Active and passive membrane transports are distinguished. Me ...
10.2 pp (Biology 2015-16)
10.2 pp (Biology 2015-16)

... Chromosomes The genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next is carried by chromosomes. Every cell must copy its genetic information before cell division begins. Each daughter cell gets its own copy of that genetic information. Cells of every organism have a specifi ...
From Flower to Seed Germination in Cynara cardunculus: A Role for
From Flower to Seed Germination in Cynara cardunculus: A Role for

... its proximal end the filiform apparatus is evident as well as the strongly cytoplasm polarised synergids and egg cell. In the middle region the central cell is present, occupied mostly by the large vacuole and where, near the polar nuclei, several cell ingrowths appear. At the central cell distal en ...
PHD domains and E3 ubiquitin ligases: viruses make the connection
PHD domains and E3 ubiquitin ligases: viruses make the connection

... receptor cytosolic tail, triggering endocytosis and, ultimately, delivery of the endosomal contents to the lysosome. Notably, in yeast the internalization of many different proteins and the subsequent delivery of their endosomes to the lysosome-like vacuole are steps that are also controlled by ubiq ...
How is the intracellular fate of the Legionella pneumophila
How is the intracellular fate of the Legionella pneumophila

... icm/dot gene products are expected to interact with one another to form a protein complex, which will build a channel through the bacterial inner and outer membrane and will constitute the Icm/Dot transfer complex or transferosome. Other icm/dot gene product(s) are expected to be effector molecules. ...
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School

... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
CELL
CELL

... Prep. School to the Winter College on Optics ...
PilB localization determines the direction of twitching
PilB localization determines the direction of twitching

... interval. Some cells clearly display relocation of the PilB cresecents to a different part ...
Expression of the nidogen-binding site of the laminin γ1 chain
Expression of the nidogen-binding site of the laminin γ1 chain

... et al., 1995) have revealed that laminin-1 is predominantly produced by epithelial cells, whereas nidogen-1 is secreted by mesenchymal cells. The binding of mesenchymal nidogen-1 to epithelial laminin-1 is believed to occur at the interface between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and possibly dic ...
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Cell membrane



The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.
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