Physiological Aspects Of Neuromuscular Transmission
... voltage-gated Ca2+ channels & the subsequent entry of Ca2+ in to the terminal button. 3. Ca2+ triggers the release of acetylcholine by exocytosis from a portion of the vesicles. 4. Acetylcholine diffuses across the space separating the nerve and muscle cells and binds with receptor sites specific fo ...
... voltage-gated Ca2+ channels & the subsequent entry of Ca2+ in to the terminal button. 3. Ca2+ triggers the release of acetylcholine by exocytosis from a portion of the vesicles. 4. Acetylcholine diffuses across the space separating the nerve and muscle cells and binds with receptor sites specific fo ...
Chapter 7. The Cell: Basic Unit of Life
... All organisms are made up of cells The cell is the basic living unit of ...
... All organisms are made up of cells The cell is the basic living unit of ...
KOBITO1 Encodes a Novel Plasma Membrane Protein Necessary
... in kob1 is not an indirect result of the reduced cell elongation. Interestingly, in the meristematic zone of kob1 roots, microfibrils appeared unaltered compared with the wild type, suggesting a role for KOB1 preferentially in rapidly elongating cells. KOB1 was cloned and encodes a novel, highly con ...
... in kob1 is not an indirect result of the reduced cell elongation. Interestingly, in the meristematic zone of kob1 roots, microfibrils appeared unaltered compared with the wild type, suggesting a role for KOB1 preferentially in rapidly elongating cells. KOB1 was cloned and encodes a novel, highly con ...
MULLINEAUXLossOfTheSPHF2011FINAL
... and it has also been shown to be necessary for the insertion of the D1 protein, an essential photosystem II core protein [19]. Therefore thylakoid biogenesis mutants have so far fallen into two categories, either those which appear to directly affect thylakoid biogenesis (Vipp1), or those which resu ...
... and it has also been shown to be necessary for the insertion of the D1 protein, an essential photosystem II core protein [19]. Therefore thylakoid biogenesis mutants have so far fallen into two categories, either those which appear to directly affect thylakoid biogenesis (Vipp1), or those which resu ...
BDNF
... experiments were carried out to determine which of the four BDNF promoters is capable of mediating a Ca2+ response. As described above, the rat BDNF gene consists of four distinct 5' exons each driven by a specific promoter and each spliced to a common 3' exon that encodes the BDNF protein. Since ea ...
... experiments were carried out to determine which of the four BDNF promoters is capable of mediating a Ca2+ response. As described above, the rat BDNF gene consists of four distinct 5' exons each driven by a specific promoter and each spliced to a common 3' exon that encodes the BDNF protein. Since ea ...
The Myriad Roles of Anillin during Cytokinesis Alisa J. Piekny1 and
... in metazoan cells, what is its role? One of Anillin’s key functions is to “organize” myosin. Drosophila Anillin is required for the organization of myosin into discrete, intact rings throughout the cellularization front ([8]; Fig. 1). Depletion of Drosophila or human Anillin from cultured cells pert ...
... in metazoan cells, what is its role? One of Anillin’s key functions is to “organize” myosin. Drosophila Anillin is required for the organization of myosin into discrete, intact rings throughout the cellularization front ([8]; Fig. 1). Depletion of Drosophila or human Anillin from cultured cells pert ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
... subunit by coimmunoprecipitation with the remaining subunits (Guo et al., 1999a). Electron microscopy and analyses of cargo protein trafficking in yeast exo84 mutants indicated that Exo84 is involved in the post-Golgi stage of secretion (Zhang et al., 2005b). The same study demonstrated that Exo84 p ...
cleeks o` cytokinesis: microtubule sticks and contractile hoops in cell
... The title for this short paper reflects the Edinburgh venue of the meeting that catalysed its writing and the realization that the Scots tongue, a variant of Old English, has acquired status as a distinct language on the website of the Scottish Assembly. The Scots ‘girds ‘n’ cleeks’ corresponds to t ...
... The title for this short paper reflects the Edinburgh venue of the meeting that catalysed its writing and the realization that the Scots tongue, a variant of Old English, has acquired status as a distinct language on the website of the Scottish Assembly. The Scots ‘girds ‘n’ cleeks’ corresponds to t ...
Two-dimensional numerical study of flow
... et al., 2013). For instance, dynamic alterations of cell tethers were revealed to stabilize leukocyte rolling (Ramachandran et al., 2004), which widely happens during lymphocyte homing. Cell tethers can also regulate cell adhesion strength, which may lead to flowenhanced cell adhesion (Yago et al., 2 ...
... et al., 2013). For instance, dynamic alterations of cell tethers were revealed to stabilize leukocyte rolling (Ramachandran et al., 2004), which widely happens during lymphocyte homing. Cell tethers can also regulate cell adhesion strength, which may lead to flowenhanced cell adhesion (Yago et al., 2 ...
Mitochondrial inheritance is mediated by microtubules in
... that perform diverse cellular functions.1 In addition to providing ATP, mitochondria produce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), buffer cytosolic calcium, produce biosynthetic precursors, play a central role in cell signaling pathways, and initiate cell stress responses, including apoptosis ...
... that perform diverse cellular functions.1 In addition to providing ATP, mitochondria produce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), buffer cytosolic calcium, produce biosynthetic precursors, play a central role in cell signaling pathways, and initiate cell stress responses, including apoptosis ...
Functional Characterization of the 180
... A combination of strategies was used to isolate and assemble a full-length clone encoding RRp. A 3.7-kb clone, representing the 3' end of the m R N A , was isolated from an M D C K cell c D N A expression library using a rabbit antiRRp antiserum (Savitz and Meyer, 1990). The primary structure deduce ...
... A combination of strategies was used to isolate and assemble a full-length clone encoding RRp. A 3.7-kb clone, representing the 3' end of the m R N A , was isolated from an M D C K cell c D N A expression library using a rabbit antiRRp antiserum (Savitz and Meyer, 1990). The primary structure deduce ...
Flamingo regulates epiboly and convergence/extension movements
... the regulation of C&E. The Drosophila atypical cadherin Flamingo (Fmi) and its vertebrate homologue Celsr, a 7-pass transmembrane protein with extracellular cadherin repeats, regulate several biological processes, including C&E, cochlear cell orientation, axonal pathfinding and neuronal migration. F ...
... the regulation of C&E. The Drosophila atypical cadherin Flamingo (Fmi) and its vertebrate homologue Celsr, a 7-pass transmembrane protein with extracellular cadherin repeats, regulate several biological processes, including C&E, cochlear cell orientation, axonal pathfinding and neuronal migration. F ...
examination by electron microscopy of the interaction between
... cytoplasm are associated with vacuoles in which the limiting membrane is more tightly apposed to the ingested organism leaving only a relatively narrow, intervening peribacillary space. This space is filled with a dense, finely granular, acid phosphatase-positive material identical in appearance to ...
... cytoplasm are associated with vacuoles in which the limiting membrane is more tightly apposed to the ingested organism leaving only a relatively narrow, intervening peribacillary space. This space is filled with a dense, finely granular, acid phosphatase-positive material identical in appearance to ...
Recent developments in atomic force microscopy for underwater
... cell. The results showed that cell wall consisted of different layers of fibers orientated in different directions, as polylaminate structures. Davis and Harris did AFM measurements on onion and Arabidopsis thaliana cell walls and observed tightly interwoven microfibrils [3]. Ding and Himmel reporte ...
... cell. The results showed that cell wall consisted of different layers of fibers orientated in different directions, as polylaminate structures. Davis and Harris did AFM measurements on onion and Arabidopsis thaliana cell walls and observed tightly interwoven microfibrils [3]. Ding and Himmel reporte ...
The integrin–actin connection, an eternal love affair
... Signalling pathways, which depend on localized integrin activation have also been reported. For example, at the leading edge of cells, integrin signalling dissociates complexes between GTP-bound Rho-GTPases and RhoGDI to release active Cdc42 and Rac1, resulting in membrane extension (Del Pozo et al. ...
... Signalling pathways, which depend on localized integrin activation have also been reported. For example, at the leading edge of cells, integrin signalling dissociates complexes between GTP-bound Rho-GTPases and RhoGDI to release active Cdc42 and Rac1, resulting in membrane extension (Del Pozo et al. ...
Growth Control: A Saga of Cell Walls, ROS, and Peptide
... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
... pollen tube is induced by ROS application and is required for ROS-induced bursting. It is intriguing in this context that rbohdeficient mutant pollen tubes (see below; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Lassig et al., 2014) and root hairs (Duan et al., 2010) with low internal levels of ROS also display lo ...
Simulations Suggest Information Processing Roles for the Diverse
... one extreme, an axon could transmit the spike a purely non-linear fashion - once threshold was reached, the classic "all-or-nothing" response would transmit a stereotyped action potential whose shape would be independent of the post-threshold soma response. At the other extreme, i.e. if the axonal m ...
... one extreme, an axon could transmit the spike a purely non-linear fashion - once threshold was reached, the classic "all-or-nothing" response would transmit a stereotyped action potential whose shape would be independent of the post-threshold soma response. At the other extreme, i.e. if the axonal m ...
Sec35p, a Novel Peripheral Membrane Protein, Is Required for ER
... The S. cerevisiae strains used in this work are described in Table I. The sec35-1 strain RSY962 (Wuestehube et al., 1996) was crossed to RSY255 to obtain a sec35-1 haploid strain with additional auxotrophies. A temperature-sensitive ura3 leu2 segregant, GWY93, was used for subsequent analyses. The S ...
... The S. cerevisiae strains used in this work are described in Table I. The sec35-1 strain RSY962 (Wuestehube et al., 1996) was crossed to RSY255 to obtain a sec35-1 haploid strain with additional auxotrophies. A temperature-sensitive ura3 leu2 segregant, GWY93, was used for subsequent analyses. The S ...
Cell Biology - New Age International
... recognized by male bacteria; Paramoecia of different mating types recognize each other). (c) These provide the basic of immune response and various control systems, where glycoproteins act as antigens. 8. Lipids and integral proteins are amphipathic in nature (i.e. have both hydrophobic and hydrophi ...
... recognized by male bacteria; Paramoecia of different mating types recognize each other). (c) These provide the basic of immune response and various control systems, where glycoproteins act as antigens. 8. Lipids and integral proteins are amphipathic in nature (i.e. have both hydrophobic and hydrophi ...
Plant and animal cells
... The bundles of parallel chains forming hydrogen bonds with each other creates a molecule that confers rigidity and strength to the structures of which they form a part ...
... The bundles of parallel chains forming hydrogen bonds with each other creates a molecule that confers rigidity and strength to the structures of which they form a part ...
changes in the ultrastructure of capsicum annuum l. seedlings roots
... numerous disorders in the cell ultrastructure of roots of red pepper cv. `Trapez`. These changes prove the high sensitivity of the studied cultivar to aluminum toxicity, which is confirmed by earlier results obtained by K o n a r s k a (2004a) relating to the index of tolerance (IT) for the root sys ...
... numerous disorders in the cell ultrastructure of roots of red pepper cv. `Trapez`. These changes prove the high sensitivity of the studied cultivar to aluminum toxicity, which is confirmed by earlier results obtained by K o n a r s k a (2004a) relating to the index of tolerance (IT) for the root sys ...
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
... into cellulose and other plant products. Certain carbohydrates (sugar and starch) are a dietary staple in most parts of the world, and the oxidation of carbohydrates is the central energy-yielding pathway in most nonphotosynthetic cells. Insoluble carbohydrate polymers serve as structural and protec ...
... into cellulose and other plant products. Certain carbohydrates (sugar and starch) are a dietary staple in most parts of the world, and the oxidation of carbohydrates is the central energy-yielding pathway in most nonphotosynthetic cells. Insoluble carbohydrate polymers serve as structural and protec ...
2/4 Lipids
... totally surrounded by hydrogens. When that happens, the carbons that aren’t surrounded hold each other more tightly, and you get this: ...
... totally surrounded by hydrogens. When that happens, the carbons that aren’t surrounded hold each other more tightly, and you get this: ...
Assembly of AO and DHAS - Journal of Cell Science
... suspension was quickly pipetted into 1 ml of pre-chilled 1 M sorbitol on ice. (For the temperature shift experiments, the 15 degree shift was performed in a water bath using small volumes of cell suspension (less than 1 ml) and in thin plastic tubes to ensure rapid temperature equilibration.) Cells ...
... suspension was quickly pipetted into 1 ml of pre-chilled 1 M sorbitol on ice. (For the temperature shift experiments, the 15 degree shift was performed in a water bath using small volumes of cell suspension (less than 1 ml) and in thin plastic tubes to ensure rapid temperature equilibration.) Cells ...
The role of cytosolic proteins in the insertion of tail
... carrier cytochrome b5 (b5) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, are instead able to translocate at nanomolar ATP concentrations into pure lipid vesicles, provided that these have low levels of cholesterol (Brambillasca et al., 2006; Brambillasca et al., 2005). We have called this latter me ...
... carrier cytochrome b5 (b5) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, are instead able to translocate at nanomolar ATP concentrations into pure lipid vesicles, provided that these have low levels of cholesterol (Brambillasca et al., 2006; Brambillasca et al., 2005). We have called this latter me ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.