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A Linear Dose-Response Curve at the Motor Endplate
A Linear Dose-Response Curve at the Motor Endplate

... In their simplest forms these theories predicted that with increasing concentration of drug, the steady-state response would approach a maximum, resulting from maximum occupation of receptors. This prediction was not fulfilled. Both Nickerson (1956) and Stephenson (1956) found that a maximum effect ...
MARIJUANA One of the world`s oldest known drugs
MARIJUANA One of the world`s oldest known drugs

... 9. 4th most commonly used drug worldwide - 7% of Americans used in past 30 days - 40.4% in lifetime (sporadic) a. India / Jamaica / Greece / Egypt ...
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pharmacology and physiology
pharmacology and physiology

... used in pharmacological research. All students take the following ...
HST-151
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January 2008 Toxtidbits
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Diencephalon: Thalamus
Diencephalon: Thalamus

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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

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MS-27-275, an Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase

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Review of Psychotropic Drugs 2009
Review of Psychotropic Drugs 2009

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Linear Combinations of Optic Flow Vectors for Estimating Self
Linear Combinations of Optic Flow Vectors for Estimating Self

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Significance of Neural Crest in Tooth Development

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... with the pyramidal and the granule cell layers (see Fig. 1). The results were first expressed as numbers of labeled sites per surface unit (mm*) of radioautograph. In order to transform these inital values into numbers of varicosities per mm3 of tissue, 3 other parameters were determined experimenta ...
Adverse drug reactions in children
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... ago it was known that impaired hydrolysis of the muscle relaxant succinylcholine by butyrylcholinesterase was inherited. What is relatively new is the ability now to interrogate on a genome wide scale the genetic determinants of ADRs. More than half of the drugs causing ADRs are metabolized by at le ...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function in Brain Death: A Review
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function in Brain Death: A Review

... importantly, this is an unusual circumstance and would not explain the common finding of the absence of DI in about half of the patients reported above. Another possibility is that AVP passively leaks from the axonal terminals of non-viable hypothalamic cells whose perikarya have been destroyed (i.e ...
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The State of the Art of Respiratory Control

... m2 (the threshold for classification of obesity), likely affecting the sleep quality of millions of people. (Ford and Mokdad 2008). However, when the control system itself is compromised, patients can also suffer from central sleep apnea (CSA), where the patient “won’t breathe”. Up to 50% of patient ...
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Prodrugs An inactive precursor of a drug, converted into its active

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Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

... calming effect on hyperactive children and a "focusing" effect on those with ADHD. Recent research1 at Brookhaven National Laboratory may begin to explain how methylphenidate helps people with ADHD. The researchers used positron emission tomography (PET - a noninvasive brain scan) to confirm that ad ...
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- Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

... with sirolimus [23]. This is relevant for medications such as tacrolimus, for which drug levels can be measured and dosage modifications made as long as the treating clinician is aware that a change in one drug is made. However, there currently is no mechanism to make clinicians aware of a therapeut ...
The H2 Blockers` Rx-to OTC Switch: For Whom Will It Spell Relief
The H2 Blockers` Rx-to OTC Switch: For Whom Will It Spell Relief

... approved through a supplemental NDA, and conducting new clinical investigations on the drug, a pharmaceutical company can hold off the approval of any new applications to create a generic version of their drug for three years.22 The DPC-PTR Act also provides pharmaceutical companies with a patent ex ...
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... management for the patients and achieve the best possible outcome in terms of (based on the category and disease characteristics): ƒ Risk assessment and prevention ƒ Achievement of the optimal treatment outcome 3) Methodologies and approaches for new stratification biomarkers Genomics and other "omi ...
Insulin-like Growth Factor: Current Concepts and New
Insulin-like Growth Factor: Current Concepts and New

... assays and methods used in analysis. Interestingly, these variations may aid in selection of patients who would benefit most from IGF-targeted therapy and biomarker development. 1.4. Receptor Cross-Talk Receptor cross-talk can occur through ligand interactions or common downstream molecular pathways ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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