Scale-Invariant Adaptation in Response to
... variance through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of a neuron’s firing rate. We computed the probability distributions of firing rate for a single cell over the course of a 0.1 Hz switch by separating the time course into 500 ms bins, computing the firing rate during each bin over ea ...
... variance through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of a neuron’s firing rate. We computed the probability distributions of firing rate for a single cell over the course of a 0.1 Hz switch by separating the time course into 500 ms bins, computing the firing rate during each bin over ea ...
Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental
... Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA ...
... Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
adisinsight - Chemical Abstracts Service
... Benidipine was approved in China in September 2008 for the treatment of angina pectoris, following the filing of an application for regulatory approval in 2007/4/. The drug had been launched in China for the treatment of hypertension in December 2004, after gaining regulatory approval in March 2004. ...
... Benidipine was approved in China in September 2008 for the treatment of angina pectoris, following the filing of an application for regulatory approval in 2007/4/. The drug had been launched in China for the treatment of hypertension in December 2004, after gaining regulatory approval in March 2004. ...
Anticancer Effects of the Organosilicon Multidrug Resistance
... downregulation of cell cycle, cellular repair mechanisms and growth factor-related signaling cascades eventually resulted in induction of apoptosis in this cell line. Reversal of resistance to taxanes, which had been reported for SILA 421 and the related molecule SILA 409, may be linked to downregul ...
... downregulation of cell cycle, cellular repair mechanisms and growth factor-related signaling cascades eventually resulted in induction of apoptosis in this cell line. Reversal of resistance to taxanes, which had been reported for SILA 421 and the related molecule SILA 409, may be linked to downregul ...
2 review of literature 28.06.2013
... carcinogen induced suppression of chemotactic activity as well as IL-1 and TNFα production by macrophages of treated mice. These plants also produced leucocytosis with predominant neutrophilia and prevented, to varying degrees, the leucopenia induced by cyclophosphamide. The plant A. racemosus induc ...
... carcinogen induced suppression of chemotactic activity as well as IL-1 and TNFα production by macrophages of treated mice. These plants also produced leucocytosis with predominant neutrophilia and prevented, to varying degrees, the leucopenia induced by cyclophosphamide. The plant A. racemosus induc ...
Linköping University Post Print Effects on enantiomeric drug disposition and
... concentration used was 10 mg/kg body weight and the volume injected twice daily (8:00 am and 8:00 pm) was 1 mL giving a total dose of 20 mg/kg/day. The choice of dosage regimen was based on previous pharmacokinetic (Uhr et al. 2003; Karlsson et al. 2010) and pharmacodynamic (Kumar et al. 2010; Takeu ...
... concentration used was 10 mg/kg body weight and the volume injected twice daily (8:00 am and 8:00 pm) was 1 mL giving a total dose of 20 mg/kg/day. The choice of dosage regimen was based on previous pharmacokinetic (Uhr et al. 2003; Karlsson et al. 2010) and pharmacodynamic (Kumar et al. 2010; Takeu ...
Motor Systems - Neuroanatomy
... spinal reflexes, and the LMNs provide the motor output pathway. One of the simplest and best studied reflexes is the stretch reflex - stretch a muscle and the reflex circuit leads to contraction of the same muscle. Stretch reflexes work to resist lengthening of a muscle. They are functionally effici ...
... spinal reflexes, and the LMNs provide the motor output pathway. One of the simplest and best studied reflexes is the stretch reflex - stretch a muscle and the reflex circuit leads to contraction of the same muscle. Stretch reflexes work to resist lengthening of a muscle. They are functionally effici ...
... second messengers which initiate their transcription. One of these IEGs is the proto-oncogene c-fos. c-Fos protein possibly acts via a third intracellular messenger regulating the transcription of genes of late expression. This protein forms part of a dimeric DNA-binding protein (activator protein 1 ...
Does Playing Violent Video Games Induce Aggression? Empirical
... basal structures around the corpus callosum. As such it has been considered an interface between cognition and emotion (Allman, Hakeem, Erwin, Nimchinsky, & Hof, 2001). It is divided into the dorsal cognitive part (dACC) and the rostral affective part (rACC; Bush, Luu, & Posner, 2000). During cognit ...
... basal structures around the corpus callosum. As such it has been considered an interface between cognition and emotion (Allman, Hakeem, Erwin, Nimchinsky, & Hof, 2001). It is divided into the dorsal cognitive part (dACC) and the rostral affective part (rACC; Bush, Luu, & Posner, 2000). During cognit ...
Pharmacokinetics
... – Some persons lack such activity leads to higher drug plasma levels (adverse actions) – Some persons have high levels leads to lower plasma levels (and reduced drug action) ...
... – Some persons lack such activity leads to higher drug plasma levels (adverse actions) – Some persons have high levels leads to lower plasma levels (and reduced drug action) ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the CA, and is formed by learning. Extensive evidence from single unit recording and other techniques shows that there are CAs that have these properties, and their neurons ...
... is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the CA, and is formed by learning. Extensive evidence from single unit recording and other techniques shows that there are CAs that have these properties, and their neurons ...
What is a Neural Network?
... • Nonlinearity: Neurons can be linear or nonlinear. Nonlinearity also comes from the networking. This is an important property particularly when we are working on nonlinear problems. • Input-Output mapping: An ANN learns how to map inputs to outputs from examples. This is similar to nonparametric st ...
... • Nonlinearity: Neurons can be linear or nonlinear. Nonlinearity also comes from the networking. This is an important property particularly when we are working on nonlinear problems. • Input-Output mapping: An ANN learns how to map inputs to outputs from examples. This is similar to nonparametric st ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... code to be identified. Difficulties arise in the mammalian central nervous system, because of the presence of temporal structure at both very short [12,15] and very long [13,52] timescales, and the intrinsic variability of responses that may or may not be a part of the coding scheme. These difficult ...
... code to be identified. Difficulties arise in the mammalian central nervous system, because of the presence of temporal structure at both very short [12,15] and very long [13,52] timescales, and the intrinsic variability of responses that may or may not be a part of the coding scheme. These difficult ...
Adaptation of Firing Rate and Spike
... Adaptation is commonly seen as a decrease in response to a constant stimulus and is thought to accentuate time-varying input while attenuating static background values. Adaptation is ubiquitous in the auditory system and specifically in the sound localization pathway. In psychophysics, adaptation ma ...
... Adaptation is commonly seen as a decrease in response to a constant stimulus and is thought to accentuate time-varying input while attenuating static background values. Adaptation is ubiquitous in the auditory system and specifically in the sound localization pathway. In psychophysics, adaptation ma ...
Modification of Practice-dependent Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex
... et al., 1998). This suggested rapid changes in the cortical representation of the thumb, which encode kinematic details of the practiced movement and may reflect a first step towards skill acquisition. This form of practice-dependent plasticity is significantly reduced by dextromethorphan, an N-methyl- ...
... et al., 1998). This suggested rapid changes in the cortical representation of the thumb, which encode kinematic details of the practiced movement and may reflect a first step towards skill acquisition. This form of practice-dependent plasticity is significantly reduced by dextromethorphan, an N-methyl- ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... The spindle cells may serve to augment and relay the error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are kno ...
... The spindle cells may serve to augment and relay the error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are kno ...
Guide to steroids (and other drugs)
... Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are designed to mimic natural testosterone. These synthetic hormones work by binding with the androgen receptors at cell level and triggering a process called protein synthesis. It is this construction of new proteins that is associated with increased muscle size a ...
... Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are designed to mimic natural testosterone. These synthetic hormones work by binding with the androgen receptors at cell level and triggering a process called protein synthesis. It is this construction of new proteins that is associated with increased muscle size a ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the dis ...
... discrimination sensitivity of MT neurons in the 2AFC task (see Appendix). For this, two distributions of spike counts were compared against each other, the distribution of counts from trials when the coherent motion was in the neuron’s preferred direction (distribution Y in Figure 2A) versus the dis ...
The Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus in Multiple Sclerosis
... Dual echo and FLAIR sequence have the highest sensitivity in detection of MS plaques where there is characteristically an increase in signal identified. Optic neuritis is the most common ophthalmic manifestation of MS, with patients ...
... Dual echo and FLAIR sequence have the highest sensitivity in detection of MS plaques where there is characteristically an increase in signal identified. Optic neuritis is the most common ophthalmic manifestation of MS, with patients ...
Pharmacology
... T – tune into the patient E – edit patient information A – act on every teaching moment C – clarify often H – honor the patient as partner in the education process ...
... T – tune into the patient E – edit patient information A – act on every teaching moment C – clarify often H – honor the patient as partner in the education process ...
Diapositive 1 - Moodle Lille 2
... reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) 2) Anovulatory or oligoovulatory women ...
... reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) 2) Anovulatory or oligoovulatory women ...
Development of the Spinal Nerves
... of the leg at the knee. At the same time as the quadriceps contracts there is a reciprocal inhibition of the antagonistic muscles, the flexors of the knee. The inhibition of the flexors is mediated by polysynaptic reflex arcs, and since the motor neurons for the flexors are located in more caudal s ...
... of the leg at the knee. At the same time as the quadriceps contracts there is a reciprocal inhibition of the antagonistic muscles, the flexors of the knee. The inhibition of the flexors is mediated by polysynaptic reflex arcs, and since the motor neurons for the flexors are located in more caudal s ...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2008, Article ID 658323, pages
... cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input [5–8]. Pyramidal neurons in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show persistent spiking that tends to turn on and off over periods of many seconds [5 ...
... cortex demonstrate the capacity to display persistent spiking activity after a depolarizing current injection or a period of repetitive synaptic input [5–8]. Pyramidal neurons in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show persistent spiking that tends to turn on and off over periods of many seconds [5 ...
Mirror neurons and the 8 parallel consciousnesses
... are absent, but so are unconscious perceptions, therefore the brainstem does not fit our profile. Instead, we need to look for brain areas whose injuries prevent the existence of consciousness, but do not compromise unconscious perception. After identifying such areas, the next step is to distinguis ...
... are absent, but so are unconscious perceptions, therefore the brainstem does not fit our profile. Instead, we need to look for brain areas whose injuries prevent the existence of consciousness, but do not compromise unconscious perception. After identifying such areas, the next step is to distinguis ...