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mutism in autism
mutism in autism

... Epidemiology and impact of Disruption of Active Language Development Data from human genetics, epidemiology, and physiologic studies Proposed pharmaceutical intervention: mefenamic acid (MFA) MFA: Mechanism of action from in-vitro and observational studies Preclinical studies of MFA Model systems fo ...
Maintenance and Regeneration of the Nerve Net in Hydra1 The
Maintenance and Regeneration of the Nerve Net in Hydra1 The

... answer (e.g., Bode and David, 1978), recent evidence indicates the second explanation is more probable. Both large and small interstitial cells are capable of migration as single cells, and possibly in pairs (Tardent and Morgenthaler, 1966; Campbell, 1967c; Herlands and Bode, 1974; Heimfeld and Bode ...
Clinical mathematics review - College of Health Professions
Clinical mathematics review - College of Health Professions

... It's always advisable with a family of drugs to work out their relative doses per 70 kg. That way, you have a baseline for comparison and can increase or decrease your starting dose in proportion to the patient's weight. Also, you're less likely to choose a much too big (or much too small) dose for ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons

... The function of such synaptically releasedZn is at present unknown, although someparticipation in excitatory neurotransmission seemsprobable. Recently, we reported that Zn could selectively attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptormediated excitation of cortical neurons, while producing some po ...
From Sensation to Perception
From Sensation to Perception

... • Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors • The three main levels of neural integration in the somatosensory system are: ...
Emx1/2 and neocorticogenesis - Development
Emx1/2 and neocorticogenesis - Development

... The absence of the increase in cell number was, at first glance, dubious. Indeed, at E11.5, the number of cells present across the double mutant wall was nearly identical to that of wild type, but the number was approximately 60% that of the wild-type wall at E16.5 (Fig. 2B). This was most probably ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity

... function and morphology (FIGURE 1). Dendrites are relatively short and thick, and in most excitatory neurons, they possess dendritic spines. Functionally, dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors. Axons are typically long and thin, and axon terminals c ...
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig

... (15–30 mm) into secondary dendrites. The secondary dendrites branch at a different distance from the cell body. Sporadically, undivided dendrites are also observed. The length of the primary and secondary dendrites is almost equal but the tertiary branches are usually prominently longer. The dendrit ...
Distinct or Gradually Changing Spatial and Nonspatial
Distinct or Gradually Changing Spatial and Nonspatial

... Figure 1. Properties of place-field size, theta oscillation, and nonspatial responses along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. A, Summary of data from different studies (Jung et al., 1994; Maurer et al., 2005; Kjelstrup et al., 2008; Royer et al., 2010) showing the ratio of place-field size i ...
A Volumetric MRI Analysis of Hypochondriac Patients
A Volumetric MRI Analysis of Hypochondriac Patients

... hypochondriasis. This is a critical demonstration, as it has not been previously known whether any brain volume abnormalities exist in hypochondriasis. Of particular note is the fact that these findings were obtained in a sample of patients with a “pure” hypochondriasis, i.e., without any past or cu ...
Broca`s aphasia
Broca`s aphasia

... surprising. What, then, is the role of the symmetrical region in the right frontal lobe, which does not have this language function – for it appeared quite normal during Tan-Tan’s autopsy – and did not compensate for the destruction of the contralateral area. Broca was perfectly aware of such an in ...
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of
Amygdala oscillations and the consolidation of

... They reasoned that there would be a biological advantage in delaying memory consolidation until the significance of an experience could be evaluated. Thus, they hypothesized that the brain is endowed with modulatory systems that affect the development of memories, but do not store them. Consistent w ...
Endocrine System
Endocrine System

... of the brain, having the shape of a tiny clone; its hormone melatonin has significant effects on reproduction and daily physiologic cycles, most notably the circadian rhythms.  Pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions; its bulk is a ducted gland secreting digestive enzymes into the small ...
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in

... In their studies on the rat DRN, Dahlström and Fuxe used formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), which had been developed by Falck et al. (1962) for visualization of monoamines. The FIF-technique soon became the most popular tool for visualizing serotonergic neurons in the DRN and elsewhere. A majo ...
Objectives:
Objectives:

... Has ability to discern and express even subtle social-emotional nuances such as friendliness, fear, affection, distrust, anger, etc., and at a more basic level, determine if something might be good to eat. ...
Age-related qualitative shift in emotional behaviour: Paradoxical
Age-related qualitative shift in emotional behaviour: Paradoxical

... This OAA effect seems to be progressive, starting around the second minute of trial 1 and may even increase with further retesting [22,35]. Prior maze experience is also known to reduce or even abolish the anxiolytic effects of drugs that bind to the GABA-A receptor complex such as benzodiazepines, ...
Antibacterials - Harper College
Antibacterials - Harper College

... Bacteriostatic = Inhibits growth of bacteria Bactericidal = Kills bacteria Peaks & Troughs = Serum antibacterial levels for drugs w/ a narrow therapeutic index - Too high = drug toxicity (Peak - 1 hr. after drug infused) ...
Ibogaine in opioid detoxification
Ibogaine in opioid detoxification

... 2. Gibson, A.E. and Degenhardt, L.J., (2007). Mortality related to pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence: a comparative analysis of coronial records. Drug and Alcohol Review 26, 405-410. 3. Gibson, A. and Degenhardt, L.,(2005). Mortality related to naltrexone in the treatment of opioid dependence: ...
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

... innervates often receive additional afferent innervation. These afferent fibers are important in reflex autonomic activity (e.g., regulation of blood pressure) and conscious sensation (discomfort, pain, etc.) B. Subdivisions of the ANS-Defined by location of cell body of preganglionic neuron 1. Symp ...
Malaria the disease
Malaria the disease

...  The parasite genome encodes 60 VAR genes, only one is expressed at a time (allelic exclusion) ...
Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and Other
Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and Other

... Hazardous drugs include those used for cancer chemotherapy, antiviral drugs, hormones, some bioengineered drugs, and other miscellaneous drugs. The definition of hazardous drugs used in this Alert is based on an ASHP definition that was originally developed in 1990 [ASHP 1990]. Thus the definition m ...
Hepatoprotective Effects of Schisandra sphenanthera Extract
Hepatoprotective Effects of Schisandra sphenanthera Extract

... To confirm the above PCR results, we further determined the protein levels of CYP3A11 and UGT1A1 using Western blot analysis. As shown in Fig. 3 (D and E), the protein expression patterns of CYP3A11 and UGT1A1 were consistent with the mRNA levels. Taken together, these data indicate that the protect ...
CHAPTER 12. SCHIZOPHRENIA 12.8 SCHIZOPHRENIA: SOMATIC
CHAPTER 12. SCHIZOPHRENIA 12.8 SCHIZOPHRENIA: SOMATIC

... schizophrenia was believed to deteriorate inevitably into dementia. As a result, patients were frequently hospitalized for long periods. Somatic treatments were used to help control the most severe symptoms of the disorder and to make hospitals safer. Sedating agents such as bromides and barbiturat ...
HYMAN, PHELPS 8 MCNAMARA, P. C.
HYMAN, PHELPS 8 MCNAMARA, P. C.

... enzymes, or antigens, altered by a disease are also included in this category. ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture

... The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DRG neurons [6]. The difference may be due to a higher light intensity used here to affect the substrate. The ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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