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Steroids and athletes: Genes work overtime
Steroids and athletes: Genes work overtime

... Once inside the nucleus, the steroid-receptor complex binds to specific areas within the DNA (regulatory sites) to induce gene transcription, which directs the synthesis of specific proteins (Figure 5). A brief review of protein synthesis follows so we can understand how this happens. DNA (deoxyribo ...
Pharmacologyonline 3: 201-216 (2006) Kumarappan et al. CT
Pharmacologyonline 3: 201-216 (2006) Kumarappan et al. CT

... platform for drug discovery has waxed and waned in popularity with various pharmaceutical companies. Natural products today are most likely going to continue to exist and grow to become even more valuable sources of new drug leads. It is believed that current NSAIDs (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory ...
ANISOCHILUS CARNOSUS TETRA CHLORIDE –INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS Full Proceeding Paper
ANISOCHILUS CARNOSUS TETRA CHLORIDE –INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS Full Proceeding Paper

... phosphatase (ALP). Bile duct obstruction or diseases of the liver result in an elevated level of ALP in the plasma. The increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, may be due to de novo synthesis by liver cells and is a reliable marker of hepatobiliary dysfunction. An elevation in the ALP levels alo ...
1 - European Commission
1 - European Commission

... recommend to the Minister of Health the inclusion of those substances which are the most dangerous to human health and life on lists of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and new psychoactive substances. Thanks to work performed by this Team, the Minister of Health will be able to take decision ...
Lecture 05
Lecture 05

... Neurons – structural classes ...
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS

... Many studies have demonstrated that various PUFA mediate, or are associated with, several aspects of brain activity, ranging from the role of EFA in neuronal structure and functions, long-term potentiation (LTP), specific brain activation, prostaglandin activity, to neurological and mental disorders ...
Inconsistent blood brain barrier disruption by intraarterial mannitol in
Inconsistent blood brain barrier disruption by intraarterial mannitol in

... Measurements before the Evan’s Blue dye administration, baseline optical data, were collected for 1 min at a rate of 12 spectra/min. For each animal the number of integrated light pulses was adjusted to obtain adequate optical signal in the 450–900 nm range. (A single spectral measurement takes 100– ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity

... FMRP may be regulated by neuronal activity, specifically glutamatergic signals known to affect dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) can stimulate the local synthesis of FMRP (Weiler et al., 1997) and also promote its trafficking from the so ...
TRILEPTIN (oxcarbazepine) 300 mg, 600 mg Film
TRILEPTIN (oxcarbazepine) 300 mg, 600 mg Film

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Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient

... enkephalin and tachykinins was markedly decreased (Chesselet et al 1990) These studies suggest that cholinergic neurons are more resistant to ischemia than other neurons In view of existing differences we decided to investigate the changes in AChE synthesis after cerebral ischemia Since a transient ...
nervous tissue, 030717
nervous tissue, 030717

... Neurons and muscle fibers are electrical excitable—they respond to certain types of stimuli to transduce energy to action potentials. ...
Direct somatic lineage conversion - Philosophical Transactions of
Direct somatic lineage conversion - Philosophical Transactions of

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A novel, highly potent HER2-targeted antibody
A novel, highly potent HER2-targeted antibody

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Age-related differences in reporting of drug
Age-related differences in reporting of drug

... Identification of aging-related susceptibilities to targeted drug properties will in turn help to avoid or minimize these features in the design of new drugs for these age groups. In addition, the identification of specific drugs associated with hepatotoxicity in targeted age group will enable clini ...
A Rare Adverse Effect of Montelukast Treatment
A Rare Adverse Effect of Montelukast Treatment

... Rheumatology23 has proposed 6 criteria for the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome: asthma (wheezing, expiratory rhonchi), eosinophilia of ⬎ 10% in peripheral blood, paranasal sinusitis, pulmonary infiltrates (may be transient), histologic proof of vasculitis with extravascular eosinophils, and mono ...
General layout of the Nervous System
General layout of the Nervous System

... effects of glia on neuronal communication Four classes of Glial cells:  Oligodendrocytes – extensions rich in myelin create myelin sheaths in CNS  Schwann cells – similar to function of oligodendrocytes but in PNS, can guide axonal regeneration ...
BAOJ Pharmaceutical Sciences
BAOJ Pharmaceutical Sciences

... for captopril when formulated into a matrix type transdermal patch [7]. The pyrrolidones partition well into human corneum stratum and within the tissue, they may act by altering the solvent nature of the membrane and pyrrolidones have been used to generate ‘reservoirs’ within skin membranes. Such a ...
Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain
Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain

... to brain size? It has long been known that brain size scales with body size across broad groups of animals (Dubois 1913). For this reason, some measure of relative brain size has usually been favored in comparative studies. Empirically the relationship between brain and body size can be estimated us ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways

... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
open the file
open the file

... hospitalization for worsening PAH, and to improve exercise ability. This approval was based on the results of the Ambition trial in which participants were started on combination therapy as initial treatment and demonstrated less clinical failure than those that were started on monotherapy of either ...
Drugs and the Drug Laws: Historical and Cultural Contexts
Drugs and the Drug Laws: Historical and Cultural Contexts

... them” mentality frames the public debate, eventually singling out certain psychoactive substances more for their perceived relationship to unpopular social groups than for any deleterious effects of the drugs themselves.23 Thus, drug prohibition has been a means through which dominant cultural or so ...
Tramadol - Clinician`s Brief
Tramadol - Clinician`s Brief

... The inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake is similar to the major action of many antidepressant drugs and the minor action of a2-agonists.1 Yohimbine, the a-adrenoceptor antagonist, partially reverses the antinociceptive effects of tramadol, which supports the role of the a-adrenocepto ...
Neurotransmitters - UCSD Cognitive Science
Neurotransmitters - UCSD Cognitive Science

... to break-down the molecule and stop its effects. • Undergoing Phase III trials in US • An inactive cholera toxin protein – attach inactivated cocaine • Immune system makes antibodies against both • When individual takes cocaine, antibodies bind to it and prevent it from reaching brain – high does no ...
Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly
Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly

... by candidate drugs with poor aqueous solubility, as this characteristic is related to poor bioavailability. Research and Development takes various approaches to enhancing the solubility and/or dissolution rate, and thus oral bioavailability, of poorly water-soluble drugs. One of the most common and ...
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in
Commentaries on Viewpoint: A role for the prefrontal cortex in

... fatigue and task failure. It will be interesting to more specifically formulate hypotheses about how the proposed components of the system interact in different contexts. For example, many studies outside the field of exercise science link PFC to motivational processes. On the other hand, PFC modula ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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