Effects of Caffeine in Operant Learning and Locomotor Activity
... solidified our understanding of caffeine as a stimulant. It has been cited to increase general physiological arousal as measured by increased cortisol production, heart rate and respiration (Fisone, Borgvist & Usiello, 2004). In addition to its stimulant properties, caffeine is often used as a reinf ...
... solidified our understanding of caffeine as a stimulant. It has been cited to increase general physiological arousal as measured by increased cortisol production, heart rate and respiration (Fisone, Borgvist & Usiello, 2004). In addition to its stimulant properties, caffeine is often used as a reinf ...
Regulation of tumor necrosis factor
... 1.1.1.2 Environmental Risk Factors Smoking has been shown to be the strongest environmental risk factor associated with RA [11]. Heavy smokers have twice the risk of developing RA than people who have never smoked and this increased risk continues for the smoker 20 or more years after cessation [11] ...
... 1.1.1.2 Environmental Risk Factors Smoking has been shown to be the strongest environmental risk factor associated with RA [11]. Heavy smokers have twice the risk of developing RA than people who have never smoked and this increased risk continues for the smoker 20 or more years after cessation [11] ...
ibogaine: a review
... addiction, and its mechanism of action does not appear to be readily explained on the basis of existing pharmacologic approaches to addiction. Ibogaine’s effects may result from complex interactions between multiple neurotransmitter systems rather than predominant activity within a single neurotrans ...
... addiction, and its mechanism of action does not appear to be readily explained on the basis of existing pharmacologic approaches to addiction. Ibogaine’s effects may result from complex interactions between multiple neurotransmitter systems rather than predominant activity within a single neurotrans ...
Personalized Medicine - Scientific and Commercial Aspects Brochure
... The aim of personalized medicine or individualized treatment is to match the right drug to the right patient and, in some cases, even to design the appropriate treatment for a patient according to his/her genotype. This report describes the latest concepts of development of personalized medicine bas ...
... The aim of personalized medicine or individualized treatment is to match the right drug to the right patient and, in some cases, even to design the appropriate treatment for a patient according to his/her genotype. This report describes the latest concepts of development of personalized medicine bas ...
ZOFRAN Tablets, Oral Solution and Injection PRODUCT MONOGRAPH
... QTc Interval Prolongation: Ondansetron prolongs the QT interval (see ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Electrocardiography). The magnitude of QTc prolongation will depend on the dose and the infusion rate. In addition, post-marketing cases of torsade de pointes have been reported in patients using ...
... QTc Interval Prolongation: Ondansetron prolongs the QT interval (see ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Electrocardiography). The magnitude of QTc prolongation will depend on the dose and the infusion rate. In addition, post-marketing cases of torsade de pointes have been reported in patients using ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... opmental abnormalities in axonal growth, branching, or guidance or degeneration leading to axon loss could result in short or thin MB lobes observed in highwire mutant brains. To differentiate between these possibilities, we analyzed mutant brains at earlier developmental stages. As shown by Fas II ...
... opmental abnormalities in axonal growth, branching, or guidance or degeneration leading to axon loss could result in short or thin MB lobes observed in highwire mutant brains. To differentiate between these possibilities, we analyzed mutant brains at earlier developmental stages. As shown by Fas II ...
(NP) Rats
... NJ) was tcsted at 8, 16, and 32 mg/ kg. The full BOZ inverse agonist, DMCM (methyl 6,7-d imethoxy-r-ethylBet:l-cllrboline-3-carboxyla te), from Sigma Chem icill Co. (St. Louis, MO) WilS tested at 1, 4, and 8 mg / kg. All drug solutions were prcpan..>d imml>clia tely prior to injections and ad minist ...
... NJ) was tcsted at 8, 16, and 32 mg/ kg. The full BOZ inverse agonist, DMCM (methyl 6,7-d imethoxy-r-ethylBet:l-cllrboline-3-carboxyla te), from Sigma Chem icill Co. (St. Louis, MO) WilS tested at 1, 4, and 8 mg / kg. All drug solutions were prcpan..>d imml>clia tely prior to injections and ad minist ...
Opposite effects of MDMA
... Philosophical doctor (Dr. Phil. II) tetrahydrocannabinol serious adverse event selective serotonin uptake inhibitor state-trait anxiety inventory standard deviation Plasma eliminiation half-life time to reach Cmax visual analogue scale ...
... Philosophical doctor (Dr. Phil. II) tetrahydrocannabinol serious adverse event selective serotonin uptake inhibitor state-trait anxiety inventory standard deviation Plasma eliminiation half-life time to reach Cmax visual analogue scale ...
JIPBS Simple UV spectrophotometric assay of Furosemide Original Article
... Na electrochemical gradient which is established by basolateral Na+ pump and also provides for “uphill” transport of Cl − and K + into the cell. Furosemide has also weak carbonic anhydrase-inhibiting activity and binds extensively to plasma proteins and bilirubin displacement is negligible while usi ...
... Na electrochemical gradient which is established by basolateral Na+ pump and also provides for “uphill” transport of Cl − and K + into the cell. Furosemide has also weak carbonic anhydrase-inhibiting activity and binds extensively to plasma proteins and bilirubin displacement is negligible while usi ...
Review articles Treatment of Myoclonus
... replicate clinically (Flicker and Grimley Evans, 1999). Piracetam, the first of the class, was developed by pioneering research by C. Giurgea in the late 1960s ; it was he who coined the term “nootropic”, to mean enhancement of learning and memory. The term is sometimes extended to include other act ...
... replicate clinically (Flicker and Grimley Evans, 1999). Piracetam, the first of the class, was developed by pioneering research by C. Giurgea in the late 1960s ; it was he who coined the term “nootropic”, to mean enhancement of learning and memory. The term is sometimes extended to include other act ...
What the young brain tells the spinal cord: top down modulation of
... The brain can endogenously and powerfully modulate the processing of somatosensory information in the spinal cord. In adults, the rostroventral medulla (RVM) can inhibit and facilitate somatosensory processing in the adult dorsal horn, providing powerful control of pain behaviours. In neonates, bala ...
... The brain can endogenously and powerfully modulate the processing of somatosensory information in the spinal cord. In adults, the rostroventral medulla (RVM) can inhibit and facilitate somatosensory processing in the adult dorsal horn, providing powerful control of pain behaviours. In neonates, bala ...
Free PDF - European Review for Medical and
... oxygen consumption of the myocardium induced by circulating catecholamines. These effects contribute to the anti-arrhythmic and anti-anginal properties of amiodarone7. After amiodarone administration there is no significant decrease of the myocardial contractility8. The most relevant effects of amio ...
... oxygen consumption of the myocardium induced by circulating catecholamines. These effects contribute to the anti-arrhythmic and anti-anginal properties of amiodarone7. After amiodarone administration there is no significant decrease of the myocardial contractility8. The most relevant effects of amio ...
frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning
... In an auditory attention task, with recording of frontal and parietal ERPs, an accumulation of anterior inhibitory processes was disclosed with the course of hypnosis in hypnotizable subjects (Gruzelier, Gray and Horn, 2002). Specifically, from the prehypnosis baseline to early and later stages, ove ...
... In an auditory attention task, with recording of frontal and parietal ERPs, an accumulation of anterior inhibitory processes was disclosed with the course of hypnosis in hypnotizable subjects (Gruzelier, Gray and Horn, 2002). Specifically, from the prehypnosis baseline to early and later stages, ove ...
Glycyl-Glutamine, an Endogenous ß-Endorphin
... et al., 2000). By contrast, Gly-Gln had no effect at all on the antinociception evoked by opioids in the tail-flick and pawlift assays, even at doses over 100-fold higher than required to inhibit morphine-induced respiratory depression (Owen et al., 2000). This latter finding implies that Gly-Gln is ...
... et al., 2000). By contrast, Gly-Gln had no effect at all on the antinociception evoked by opioids in the tail-flick and pawlift assays, even at doses over 100-fold higher than required to inhibit morphine-induced respiratory depression (Owen et al., 2000). This latter finding implies that Gly-Gln is ...
Nasal Drug Delivery
... Drugs have been administered nasally for therapeutic and recreational purposes since ancient times. Psychotropic drugs and hallucinogens were snuffed for these purposes by the Indians of South America, and this practice is currently widespread among abusers of cocaine and heroin (Chien and Chang, 19 ...
... Drugs have been administered nasally for therapeutic and recreational purposes since ancient times. Psychotropic drugs and hallucinogens were snuffed for these purposes by the Indians of South America, and this practice is currently widespread among abusers of cocaine and heroin (Chien and Chang, 19 ...
Annex 1 - Emcdda
... 25I-NBOMe has typically been encountered in the form of ‘blotters’ or paper ‘trips’, which are often printed with distinctive designs and perforated so they can be torn into small, singledose units. There are also reports of seizures in powder, including capsules containing powder, and in liquid for ...
... 25I-NBOMe has typically been encountered in the form of ‘blotters’ or paper ‘trips’, which are often printed with distinctive designs and perforated so they can be torn into small, singledose units. There are also reports of seizures in powder, including capsules containing powder, and in liquid for ...
... the process that mediates sustained effort, is partially modulated by DA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)(16) . Now, it is known that methylphenidate not only inhibits the dopamine transporter but also the norepinephrine transporter, and that amphetamines affect all three monoamines, including seroton ...
Clinical pharmacology and abuse potential of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
... task), whereas ethanol, at the dose tested, induced only mild effects exclusively affecting the balance task. ...
... task), whereas ethanol, at the dose tested, induced only mild effects exclusively affecting the balance task. ...
Binding of Imipramine to Phospholipid Bilayers Using
... knowledge as regards the extent in which the action of antidepressants on lipid bilayers contributes to their therapeutic or adverse effects. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been used in treatment of depression for almost 50 years and have been tested in many clinical and theoretical studies. ...
... knowledge as regards the extent in which the action of antidepressants on lipid bilayers contributes to their therapeutic or adverse effects. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been used in treatment of depression for almost 50 years and have been tested in many clinical and theoretical studies. ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... Thirty-six adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (300350 g) were used for tracer injections. Each animal was anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (viv; 1 mlikg body weight) and received a single injection of a 2.5% solution of PHAL (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CAI, prepared in 0 ...
... Thirty-six adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (300350 g) were used for tracer injections. Each animal was anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (viv; 1 mlikg body weight) and received a single injection of a 2.5% solution of PHAL (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CAI, prepared in 0 ...
Final Paper - The Oxbow School
... synesthesia, including Color-Grapheme synesthesia, Chromesthesia and touch-induced forms of synesthesia. Her paintings feel very reminiscent of early minimalistic works due to her effort to simplify the sensations she experiences. She most often utilizes her music-to-color synesthesia and touch-to- ...
... synesthesia, including Color-Grapheme synesthesia, Chromesthesia and touch-induced forms of synesthesia. Her paintings feel very reminiscent of early minimalistic works due to her effort to simplify the sensations she experiences. She most often utilizes her music-to-color synesthesia and touch-to- ...
Contrast-dependence of surround suppression in
... For the full network architecture see Schwabe et al. (2006). Different connection types are indicated as color-coded arrows (according to legends in panels a and b). Dashed boxes: populations of excitatory (Exc) or inhibitory (Inh) V1 neurons in the RF center; filled gray boxes: population of excitat ...
... For the full network architecture see Schwabe et al. (2006). Different connection types are indicated as color-coded arrows (according to legends in panels a and b). Dashed boxes: populations of excitatory (Exc) or inhibitory (Inh) V1 neurons in the RF center; filled gray boxes: population of excitat ...
M P D U
... once-per-month schedule. Finally, NEI found that “serious adverse events (primarily hospitalizations)” occurred at a rate of 24 percent for patients receiving Avastin and a rate of 19 percent for patients receiving Lucentis. However, NEI was unable to determine a causal link between the type of trea ...
... once-per-month schedule. Finally, NEI found that “serious adverse events (primarily hospitalizations)” occurred at a rate of 24 percent for patients receiving Avastin and a rate of 19 percent for patients receiving Lucentis. However, NEI was unable to determine a causal link between the type of trea ...