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Nerve cells - Dr Magrann
Nerve cells - Dr Magrann

... receptors. They are carried by nerve fibers of PNS to the CNS Motor (efferent) signals are carried away from the CNS. They innervate muscles and glands 1. Receive a signal. Can be any type of stimulus (change in environment, signal from another neuron, etc). 2. Transmit a signal to another location. ...
This newsletter is for your information only and is not a substitute for
This newsletter is for your information only and is not a substitute for

... connections are further pruned out in the teen years at the same time Myelin Sheath cells, the white matter protective coating around neurons, increases resulting in a more limited set of neuron pathways but faster more powerful nerve impulses. The brain is becoming more efficient but also losing so ...
FDA-approved Cholinesterase Inhibitors
FDA-approved Cholinesterase Inhibitors

... What effects did cholinesterase inhibitors have on the memories of persons who took them in clinical trials? Donepezil and rivastigmine were associated with better performance in memory and thinking tests in patients who were on the active medication compared with patients taking a placebo (an inact ...
CHAPTER 3 – THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR
CHAPTER 3 – THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR

... axons. These plates release a chemical transmitter substance that causes the muscle fibres to contract. The number of muscle fibres stimulated, and the type, location and arrangement of the muscle tissue involved, will determine the speed, force and nature of the movement. The frequency of motor imp ...
Text 4-Nervous system: Organization and Physiology
Text 4-Nervous system: Organization and Physiology

... Remember the synapse … when the action potential arrives at the axon terminals … The synapse is the point of communication between two neurons. Chemical synapses have a synaptic cleft (about 10 – 20 nm wide) and neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neu ...
- Acute Medicine @ BHH
- Acute Medicine @ BHH

... • previously used as an antidote for local anaesthetic toxicity ...
Optogenetic Technology and Its In Vivo Applications 4 BRIEF SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS
Optogenetic Technology and Its In Vivo Applications 4 BRIEF SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

... cord. Illumination with 488 nm light (blue), but not with 680 (red) nm light, triggered a robust escape response. Characteristics of the response, such as onset latency and kinematics, were similar to naturally occurring touch-evoked escapes in the fish, while no response to the light stimulus was o ...
Brain Jokes (Questions)
Brain Jokes (Questions)

... 18. If your dog was a neurologist, what would it do all day? 19. Why do action potentials make good volleyball players? 20. What do you call glia when it is happy? 21. If some of Fred Flintstone's neurotransmitters could talk, what would they say? 22. An action potential takes the train to school. W ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... Inhibitory postsynaptic potential  Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron.  The binding of neurotransmitter to postsynaptic receptors open gated channels that allow K+ to diffuse out of the cell and/or Cl- to diffuse into the cell. ...
The neuroscience of depression: why does it matter?
The neuroscience of depression: why does it matter?

... • Serotonin is major excitatory input to cortical, amygdala, and hippocampal GABA interneurons = dampens activity • In turn, pyramidal neurons are major excitatory input to DRN GABA interneurons = dampens the dampening ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... 31 paired mixed nerves formed from dorsal and ventral roots and exiting from the vertebrae through the intervertebral foramen. 31 The ________ nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system, always active at a basal level and becoming more active during times of stress. 32 ________ matte ...
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... preference information and two with criteria rankings elicited from an expert in the field of antidepressants. We explained the SMAA model and multi-attribute utility theory to the expert and asked her to consider two scenarios: mild and severe depression. ...
The Central Nervous System (outline, introduction)
The Central Nervous System (outline, introduction)

... Introduction The brain or the Encephalon is possibly the most complex organ to examine within the human body. Although only weighing approximately 1,300g in the average adult, all behaviours, actions, thoughts and feelings originate from billions of neural networks interacting to create what we reco ...
Biopsychology, Neuroscience, Physiological Psychology
Biopsychology, Neuroscience, Physiological Psychology

... The motor cortex, an arch-shaped region at the rear of the frontal lobes, controls voluntary muscle movements on the opposite side of the body. Body parts requiring the most precise control occupy the greatest amount of cortical space. In an effort to find the source of motor control, researchers ha ...
Drugs for respiratory system
Drugs for respiratory system

... therapy of asthma and other conditions with reversible airways obstruction (including COPD and bronchitis) Protection against exercise-induced asthma ...
Doktryna neuronu
Doktryna neuronu

... RD Traub, JG Jefferys and MA Whittington. Enhanced NMDA conductance can account for epileptiform activity induced by low Mg2+ in the rat hippocampal slice, The Journal of Physiology, 1994, 478 (3) 379-393. ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... Arterial blood supply is branches from circle of Willis on base of brain (page 699) Vessels on surface of brain----penetrate tissue Uses 20% of our bodies oxygen & glucose needs ...
drugs acting on the respiratory system bronchial asthma
drugs acting on the respiratory system bronchial asthma

... increase blood pressure, tremors etc. Contraindication: - hypertension, arrhythmia, 2- Ephedrine: compared to epinephrine, it has longer duration of action but more pronounced central effect and lower potency. It can be given orally. The drug is currently infrequently used because of development of ...
cocaine
cocaine

... from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It’s commonly referred to as "acid," is sold on the street in tablets, capsules, or occasionally in liquid form. It is odorless and colorless, with a slightly bitter taste, & is usually taken by mouth. LSD is u ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM

... ganglia (sensory neuron) Bipolar: – Single axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of the soma. e.g., interneuron Multipolar; – Single axon & multiple dendrites – Most common type in men – e.g., Motor cortex Golgi I: neurons with long-projecting axonal processes. Golgi II: neurons whose axonal pro ...
The History and Scope of Psychology Module 1
The History and Scope of Psychology Module 1

... A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane. ...
Psychiatry`s age of enlightenment
Psychiatry`s age of enlightenment

... systems-level neural processes governing higher-order functions, such as perception, cognition and emotion. Until recently, however, achievement of this goal has been limited by a lack of neuromodulatory tools capable of targeting distinct populations of neurons, based on either genetic identity or ...
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Explain how an injured nerve fiber may
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5: Explain how an injured nerve fiber may

... 3. Encephalitis—An inflammation of the brain and meninges. A viral infection possibly from wild birds and mosquitoes. It could result in persistent drowsiness, delirium, and possible coma. ...
Mission Log - Web Adventures
Mission Log - Web Adventures

... After “The Case of the Telltale Frog Heart,” you find that a scientist was awarded a Nobel Prize for demonstrating the function of neurotransmitters. Who was this scientist? Eureka tries to explain the effect of opioids on the brain by showing how endogenous opioids act in the Reward Pathway. True o ...
The Child’s Growth
The Child’s Growth

... transmissions between neurons, (b)Accommodate new connections that develop with increasing experience with the world. (Kolb et al, 2003) ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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