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sensory receptors
sensory receptors

... 3. Transducers, which convert the energy of the stimulus into an electric response, i.e. a membrane potential which generates an action potential in the afferent nerve. 4. Gauges, which measure the intensity of the stimulus. Accordingly, it can be concluded that without receptors, the CNS becomes al ...
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... The spatial arrangement of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a cortical neuron determines which features of a stimulus will be encoded by the neuron.A. A neuron in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex has overlapping excitatory and inhibitory zones within its receptive field. B. Convergence ...
Psychology 101 - Psychological Sciences
Psychology 101 - Psychological Sciences

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... 19. mater delicate fibrous membrane forming the middle of the 3 coverings of the central nervous system 21. a bundle of fibers that uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit sensory and motor info from one body part to the other 22. part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bo ...
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... it remains uncertain whether drinking milk at bedtime increases production of serotonin and melatonin, thus aiding sleep. Although we know very little about the function of sleep, it is clear that sleep is essential for survival. Sleep is an active state, at least for the brain. By placing electrode ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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