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Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide
Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide

... relative concentrations are these ions found inside and outside of the cell? - What is the resting membrane potential in a neuron? What is the main ion responsible for it? - What causes electrical signals in neurons? What causes depolarization? Repolarization? Hyperpolarization? What ions and ion ch ...
Organic Context of Short-term Behavioral Adaptation
Organic Context of Short-term Behavioral Adaptation

... An early investigator in plant adaptation was Darwin. He noted that the tip of canary grass tipped toward the light because the tip was sensitive to the light, but that the extra growth occurred well below the tip. Darwin showed this by covering the tip but not where the growth took place. He showed ...
Chapter 28 Nervous Systems
Chapter 28 Nervous Systems

...  A stimulus is any factor that causes a nerve signal to be generated. A stimulus – alters the permeability of a portion of the membrane, – allows ions to pass through, and ...
A Brief Introduction to Functional MRI
A Brief Introduction to Functional MRI

... neuronal activation, results in a local decrease in the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin. As deoxyhemoglobin is paramagnetic, a reduction in its concentration results in an increase in the homogeneity of the static magnetic field, which yields an increase in the gradient-echo MRI signal. Given that ...
7. The Nervous System Identify the major structures and areas of the
7. The Nervous System Identify the major structures and areas of the

... • Fovea centralis contains only cones and provides the sharpest vision • 6 million cones • Protein called photopsins Light à electrical signals • Photons absorbed by rods and cones • Phototransduction – opsin turns the photons into electrochemical signals which are sent to the optic n ...
May 9, 2013 Development of a Successful New Drug
May 9, 2013 Development of a Successful New Drug

... Promoter/reporter gene/cell-based experiments P450 mRNA, protein or activity measurements (treated hepatocytes) Enzyme-specific inhibition studies ...
Pharmacology - Shelbye's CSON Notes Blog
Pharmacology - Shelbye's CSON Notes Blog

... (mu) to produce analgesia and thereby relieve pain – Other effects include drowsiness, mental clouding, anxiety reduction, sense of wellbeing. CNS Depressant – Oral dose is a lot higher than IV in this case ...
Bringing the Brain of the Child with Autism Back on Track
Bringing the Brain of the Child with Autism Back on Track

... causes of autism, as well as the range of living subjects at such a fine level behavioral effects. Although these studies of detail allows greater understand- have been invaluable in understanding more about the disorder, it is research at a more ing of the processes that underlie basic level that m ...
The impact of pharmacogenetics on the development and use of
The impact of pharmacogenetics on the development and use of

... The past decade has seen a steady growth of reports of genetic associations with antipsychotic response to antipsychotic drug treatment; however, these studies have many limitations. A brief search of recent reports show that 4 out of 10 have sample sizes substantially less than 100, and 2 had fewer ...
Drug-Induced Seizures
Drug-Induced Seizures

... – Abnormal electrical activity of the brain • Leads to loss of neurologic function ...
Generally Physiological - The Journal of General Physiology
Generally Physiological - The Journal of General Physiology

... cess arising from the antenna)— proposed to control fruit fly thermal preference. Although AC neurons sense warmth through the TRPA1 channel, the mechanisms whereby ...
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No Slide Title

... • Understand underlying genetic, environmental and pathophysiological factors responsible for patient differences in drug response. • Evaluate clinical significance • Individualize drug therapy based on specific patient factors (using knowledge, logic and available equations). “Personalized Medicine ...
phys Learning Objectives Chapter 58 [10-31
phys Learning Objectives Chapter 58 [10-31

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neurotransmitters

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L15-physiology of smell & taste
L15-physiology of smell & taste

... ipsilateral cortex ...
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Pharmacokinetics is discussed with emphasis on the ways in which pH affects the pharmacokinetics of a drug. Students are introduced to the major classes of drugs and the modes of action. Toxicology is discussed with emphasis on the biochemical aspects: biotransformation of drugs and the biochemical ...
Neurons
Neurons

... Note: dendrites do not have a myelin sheath and contain no neurofibrils. ...
The anti-infectives
The anti-infectives

... ◦ GI system effects- the major adverse effects of penicillin therapy involve the GIT. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, stomatitis, gastritis, sore mouth and furry tongue. ◦ The reason for some of these effects (superinfection) is associated with the loss of bacterial flora. ◦ H ...
Cholinergic - stjpap 2011
Cholinergic - stjpap 2011

... have similar effects to other ACH agonists Differ in Muscarinic/Nicotinic specificity Uses are limited: ...
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens

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Chapter 48 Objective Questions
Chapter 48 Objective Questions

... 10. Describe the factors that contribute to a membrane potential. 11. Explain why the membrane potential of a resting neuron is typically about -70 mV. 12. Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump. 13. Distinguish between gated and ungated ion channels and between chemically gated ion channels ...
An Overview of Nervous Systems 1. Compare the two coordinating
An Overview of Nervous Systems 1. Compare the two coordinating

... 21. Compare an electrical synapse and a chemical synapse. 22. Describe the structures of a chemical synapse and explain how they transmit an action potential from one cell to another. 23. Explain why an action potential can be transmitted in only a single direction over a neural pathway. 24. Explain ...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR

... postdoctoral associate at Baylor College of Medicine where he investigated the neurotransmission mechanisms underlying the ischemic stroke. Since joining IBMS, his research group has unraveled the role of COX-PGJ2-PPAR-γ axis in cerebral ischemic stroke and identified the anti-neuronal apoptosis mec ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides - HomePage Server for UT Psychology
Huffman PowerPoint Slides - HomePage Server for UT Psychology

... • Neurons signal information by releasing packets of chemical transmitters from the axon terminal – Chemical molecules bind to receptors on the membrane of adjacent nerve cells – Binding in turn changes the electrical activity of the adjacent cell and can trigger an action potential – A reuptake pro ...
Ch 34 Action Potential and Neurons
Ch 34 Action Potential and Neurons

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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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