apbio ch 17 study guide
... In bacteria, RNA polymerase stops transcription right at the end of the terminator. Both the RNA and DNA are then released. In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA is cleaved from the growing RNA chain while RNA polymerase II continues to transcribe the DNA. ○ Specifically, the polymerase transcribes a DNA sequ ...
... In bacteria, RNA polymerase stops transcription right at the end of the terminator. Both the RNA and DNA are then released. In eukaryotes, the pre-mRNA is cleaved from the growing RNA chain while RNA polymerase II continues to transcribe the DNA. ○ Specifically, the polymerase transcribes a DNA sequ ...
Human Heredity Notes
... 3. XYY male – 1 in every 1000; normal, fertile, taller than average How to Study: take sample cells from fetus & photograph metaphase chromosomes – line them up according to length & location of centromere = karyotype A. Dominant Autosomal Heredity Huntington’s disease – a rare genetic disorder caus ...
... 3. XYY male – 1 in every 1000; normal, fertile, taller than average How to Study: take sample cells from fetus & photograph metaphase chromosomes – line them up according to length & location of centromere = karyotype A. Dominant Autosomal Heredity Huntington’s disease – a rare genetic disorder caus ...
1 Review I: Protein Structure Amino Acids Amino Acids (contd
... Repetitive secondary structure 3.6 residues per turn; pitch (rise per turn) = 5.4 Å C′=O of i forms H bonds with NH of residue i+4 Intra-strand H bonding C′=O groups are parallel to the axis; side chains point away from the axis All NH and C′O are H-bonded, except first NH and last C′O ...
... Repetitive secondary structure 3.6 residues per turn; pitch (rise per turn) = 5.4 Å C′=O of i forms H bonds with NH of residue i+4 Intra-strand H bonding C′=O groups are parallel to the axis; side chains point away from the axis All NH and C′O are H-bonded, except first NH and last C′O ...
Replication - UniMAP Portal
... Because the two original (template) strands are antiparallel cells synthesize new strands in two different ways: 1) One new strand, called the leading strand, is synthesized continuously as a single long chain of nucleotides. 2)The other new strand, called the lagging strand, is synthesized in short ...
... Because the two original (template) strands are antiparallel cells synthesize new strands in two different ways: 1) One new strand, called the leading strand, is synthesized continuously as a single long chain of nucleotides. 2)The other new strand, called the lagging strand, is synthesized in short ...
Functional groups - Montgomery County Schools
... 1. DNA = 2 strands wrapped around each other forming a double helix • A pairs with T • C pairs with G Functions: compose genes, determine the structure of proteins 2. RNA = single strand Functions: copy & transfer DNA so proteins can be made ...
... 1. DNA = 2 strands wrapped around each other forming a double helix • A pairs with T • C pairs with G Functions: compose genes, determine the structure of proteins 2. RNA = single strand Functions: copy & transfer DNA so proteins can be made ...
Organic Compounds
... Organic Compounds • It used to be thought that only living things could synthesize the complicated carbon compounds found in cells • German chemists in the 1800’s learned how to do this in the lab, showing that “organic” compounds can be created by non-organic means. • Today, organic compounds are ...
... Organic Compounds • It used to be thought that only living things could synthesize the complicated carbon compounds found in cells • German chemists in the 1800’s learned how to do this in the lab, showing that “organic” compounds can be created by non-organic means. • Today, organic compounds are ...
BDOL Interactive Chalkboard
... • Some codons do not code for amino acids; they provide instructions for making the protein. • More than one codon can code for the same amino acid. • However, for any one codon, there can be only one amino acid. ...
... • Some codons do not code for amino acids; they provide instructions for making the protein. • More than one codon can code for the same amino acid. • However, for any one codon, there can be only one amino acid. ...
Exam 2 Review Answer Key
... e. Ligase Ch. 12: Gene Expression at the Molecular Level 17. If this is the DNA coding strand, what is the mRNA transcript? 3’-TAGGCATT-5’ a. 5’-AUCCGUAA-3’ b. 3’-AUCCGUAA-5’ c. 3’-UAGGCAUU-5’ d. 5’-UAGGCAUU-3’ 18. T/F the promoter region of a gene is transcribed 19. T/F One gene encodes one protein ...
... e. Ligase Ch. 12: Gene Expression at the Molecular Level 17. If this is the DNA coding strand, what is the mRNA transcript? 3’-TAGGCATT-5’ a. 5’-AUCCGUAA-3’ b. 3’-AUCCGUAA-5’ c. 3’-UAGGCAUU-5’ d. 5’-UAGGCAUU-3’ 18. T/F the promoter region of a gene is transcribed 19. T/F One gene encodes one protein ...
Amino Acids
... • Due to steric hindrance, all peptide bonds in proteins are in trans configuration • The 2 bonds around the α-carbon have freedom of rotation making proteins flexible to bend and fold ...
... • Due to steric hindrance, all peptide bonds in proteins are in trans configuration • The 2 bonds around the α-carbon have freedom of rotation making proteins flexible to bend and fold ...
Sequence Optimization For Synthetic Genes
... • Thus, cannot use deterministic algorithm – Degeneracy (redundancy) of the DNA code – 64 codons, 20 (21) amino acids (see next slide) • Several synonymous codons are translated into the same amino acid • Synonymous codons per AA vary from one to six (average is four codons per AA) • Huge number of ...
... • Thus, cannot use deterministic algorithm – Degeneracy (redundancy) of the DNA code – 64 codons, 20 (21) amino acids (see next slide) • Several synonymous codons are translated into the same amino acid • Synonymous codons per AA vary from one to six (average is four codons per AA) • Huge number of ...
CHAPTER 4, PART 2
... A. A codon (3 bases) specifies an amino acid B. Sequential and non-overlapping C. Degenerate (more than one codon/amino acid) D. Some codons are start and stop signals E. The code is nearly universal (see differences in human mitochondrial code) F. Sequences of bases in genes and amino acids in thei ...
... A. A codon (3 bases) specifies an amino acid B. Sequential and non-overlapping C. Degenerate (more than one codon/amino acid) D. Some codons are start and stop signals E. The code is nearly universal (see differences in human mitochondrial code) F. Sequences of bases in genes and amino acids in thei ...
Protein
... essential amino acids are required for protein synthesis • Distinguish between high quality and low quality proteins and list sources of each • Describe how 2 low quality proteins can be complementary to each other to provide the required amounts of essential amino acids ...
... essential amino acids are required for protein synthesis • Distinguish between high quality and low quality proteins and list sources of each • Describe how 2 low quality proteins can be complementary to each other to provide the required amounts of essential amino acids ...
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480
... diversity. In nature, there exists a biochemical unity of diverse living organisms in that there is a wide range of adaptations around a common chemical framework (Can you name some common compounds fou ...
... diversity. In nature, there exists a biochemical unity of diverse living organisms in that there is a wide range of adaptations around a common chemical framework (Can you name some common compounds fou ...
3.13 Amino acids, proteins and DNA
... • The primary structure folds back on itself and held together by hydrogen bonds. • The given shape looks like a ‘pleat’ with the R groups alternating up and down along the ...
... • The primary structure folds back on itself and held together by hydrogen bonds. • The given shape looks like a ‘pleat’ with the R groups alternating up and down along the ...
MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATION OF D-ARGININE DEHYDROGENASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
... Here, the chemical mechanism of leucine oxidation catalyzed by DADH was investigated with pH, substrate, solvent and β-‐secondary kinetic isotope effects (KIE) and proton inventories by using rapid ...
... Here, the chemical mechanism of leucine oxidation catalyzed by DADH was investigated with pH, substrate, solvent and β-‐secondary kinetic isotope effects (KIE) and proton inventories by using rapid ...
1 EMC Publishing`s Biotechnology textbook correlated to the CA
... mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level and in whole organisms. NA 10. Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease. As a basis for understanding the human immune response, students know: a. the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. b. the role of ...
... mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level and in whole organisms. NA 10. Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to combat disease. As a basis for understanding the human immune response, students know: a. the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. b. the role of ...
17_Learning_Objectives
... 4. Explain how RNA differs from DNA. 5. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Is the central dogma ever violated? 6. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 7. Compare where transcription and translation occur in bacteria and in eukaryotes. 8. Define “codon” and expl ...
... 4. Explain how RNA differs from DNA. 5. Briefly explain how information flows from gene to protein. Is the central dogma ever violated? 6. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 7. Compare where transcription and translation occur in bacteria and in eukaryotes. 8. Define “codon” and expl ...
2015/5/13 9:24 AM
... 2. Messenger RNA is made from DNA during translation. 3. Nine codons are needed to specify three amino acids. 4. RNA molecules are produced during transcription. 5. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the codon on the mRNA and the anti-codon ...
... 2. Messenger RNA is made from DNA during translation. 3. Nine codons are needed to specify three amino acids. 4. RNA molecules are produced during transcription. 5. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the codon on the mRNA and the anti-codon ...
AMA 108 PowerPoint
... (For each amino acid, both the three-letter and single-letter codes are given. CLICK the NAME to see the structural formula)Alanine Ala A hydrophobic Arginine Arg R free amino group makes it basic and hydrophilic Asparagine Asn N carbohydrate can be covalently linked ("N-linked) to its NH Aspartic a ...
... (For each amino acid, both the three-letter and single-letter codes are given. CLICK the NAME to see the structural formula)Alanine Ala A hydrophobic Arginine Arg R free amino group makes it basic and hydrophilic Asparagine Asn N carbohydrate can be covalently linked ("N-linked) to its NH Aspartic a ...
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is accomplished by the ribosome, which links amino acids in an order specified by mRNA, using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.The code defines how sequences of these nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see the RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact some variant codes have evolved. For example, protein synthesis in human mitochondria relies on a genetic code that differs from the standard genetic code.While the genetic code determines the protein sequence for a given coding region, other genomic regions can influence when and where these proteins are produced.