Regulation of Stage I1 of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
... that, at t4, 3% of the cells have reached stage I1 and 6% have reached a malformed stage 111, viz. the engulfed ‘prespore’ appears to be surrounded by a single instead of a double membrane; the remaining cells are blocked at stage 0. In both mutants, about 1 in 10000 cells makes a heatresistant spor ...
... that, at t4, 3% of the cells have reached stage I1 and 6% have reached a malformed stage 111, viz. the engulfed ‘prespore’ appears to be surrounded by a single instead of a double membrane; the remaining cells are blocked at stage 0. In both mutants, about 1 in 10000 cells makes a heatresistant spor ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism Caloric Value of Fats and Carbohydrates
... chains are shortened they can be exported to mitochondria) • Carnitine derivative not required for entry into peroxisome. • FADH2 is reoxidized by passing its electrons directly to O2 forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). • H2O2 is highly toxic and is immediately broken down to H2O and O2 by catalase. • ...
... chains are shortened they can be exported to mitochondria) • Carnitine derivative not required for entry into peroxisome. • FADH2 is reoxidized by passing its electrons directly to O2 forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). • H2O2 is highly toxic and is immediately broken down to H2O and O2 by catalase. • ...
Genetic drift vs. natural selection in a long-term small
... have effective population sizes that are one quarter that of autosomal nuclear genes and consequently expected fixation times that are one quarter as large (Nichols 2001), lack of variability in mitochondrial DNA does not necessarily translate into low polymorphism and heterozygosity in the nuclear ...
... have effective population sizes that are one quarter that of autosomal nuclear genes and consequently expected fixation times that are one quarter as large (Nichols 2001), lack of variability in mitochondrial DNA does not necessarily translate into low polymorphism and heterozygosity in the nuclear ...
Gellan-related polysaccharides and the genus
... was tested in liquid cultures of M9 medium containing 1% (w/v) Dmannose with the antibiotic concentrationat 20 pg ml-'. ATCC strains 31461,31554,31853,31555,31961and 21423 were cultured overnight and then scored as resistant (full growth), partly resistant (slightly turbid) and sensitive (no growth) ...
... was tested in liquid cultures of M9 medium containing 1% (w/v) Dmannose with the antibiotic concentrationat 20 pg ml-'. ATCC strains 31461,31554,31853,31555,31961and 21423 were cultured overnight and then scored as resistant (full growth), partly resistant (slightly turbid) and sensitive (no growth) ...
Gellan-related polysaccharides and the genus
... was tested in liquid cultures of M9 medium containing 1% (w/v) Dmannose with the antibiotic concentrationat 20 pg ml-'. ATCC strains 31461,31554,31853,31555,31961and 21423 were cultured overnight and then scored as resistant (full growth), partly resistant (slightly turbid) and sensitive (no growth) ...
... was tested in liquid cultures of M9 medium containing 1% (w/v) Dmannose with the antibiotic concentrationat 20 pg ml-'. ATCC strains 31461,31554,31853,31555,31961and 21423 were cultured overnight and then scored as resistant (full growth), partly resistant (slightly turbid) and sensitive (no growth) ...
Dietary Guidelines should reflect new understandings about adult
... become important with intakes above the minimum RDA. Using current measures of nitrogen balance and amino acid oxidation as the only criteria for protein requirements, these metabolic outcomes are rejected outof-hand as inefficient and wasteful. A more logical view is that these new metabolic outcom ...
... become important with intakes above the minimum RDA. Using current measures of nitrogen balance and amino acid oxidation as the only criteria for protein requirements, these metabolic outcomes are rejected outof-hand as inefficient and wasteful. A more logical view is that these new metabolic outcom ...
Molecular cloning of Per a 1 and definition of the cross
... specificities. A striking feature of the sequence homology searches was that Per a 1 and Bla g 1 showed extensive identity (60% to 95%) to the previously reported CrPII sequences and to Bla g Bd90K.15,25 Wu et al25 showed that these sequences were related and raised mAbs that bound to the expressed ...
... specificities. A striking feature of the sequence homology searches was that Per a 1 and Bla g 1 showed extensive identity (60% to 95%) to the previously reported CrPII sequences and to Bla g Bd90K.15,25 Wu et al25 showed that these sequences were related and raised mAbs that bound to the expressed ...
food derived from insect-protected, glufosinate ammonium
... caterpillar insects, including the major pests of cotton. The insecticidal genes were introduced separately into two cotton lines (MXB-7 and MXB-9). Subsequently the two traits were combined by crossing the two GM cotton lines using conventional breeding to produce cotton line MXB-13. Using two B. t ...
... caterpillar insects, including the major pests of cotton. The insecticidal genes were introduced separately into two cotton lines (MXB-7 and MXB-9). Subsequently the two traits were combined by crossing the two GM cotton lines using conventional breeding to produce cotton line MXB-13. Using two B. t ...
An rpoB signature sequence provides unique resolution for the
... The use of morphological characters for the classification of cyanobacteria has often led to ambiguous strain assignment. In the past two decades, the availability of sequences, such as those of the 16S rRNA, nif, cpc and rpoC1 genes, and the use of metagenomics, has steadily increased and has made ...
... The use of morphological characters for the classification of cyanobacteria has often led to ambiguous strain assignment. In the past two decades, the availability of sequences, such as those of the 16S rRNA, nif, cpc and rpoC1 genes, and the use of metagenomics, has steadily increased and has made ...
a review on biochemical mechanism of fatty acids synthesis and oil
... using acyltransferase reactions. Recently small abundant proteins called acyl-CoA binding proteins have been identified and it is assumed that these binding proteins are involved in the transportation of acyl-CoA to the endoplasmic reticulum. The mechanism involved in this transportation process is ...
... using acyltransferase reactions. Recently small abundant proteins called acyl-CoA binding proteins have been identified and it is assumed that these binding proteins are involved in the transportation of acyl-CoA to the endoplasmic reticulum. The mechanism involved in this transportation process is ...
HPTLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR DENSITOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF
... improves liver function activity (GDP, GOP) [10]. HPTLC [11-15] and HPLC [8,16,17] methods have also been reported for analysis of βsitosterol either individually or in combination with other marker compounds. Over the past decade HPTLC has been successfully used in the analysis of pharmaceuticals, ...
... improves liver function activity (GDP, GOP) [10]. HPTLC [11-15] and HPLC [8,16,17] methods have also been reported for analysis of βsitosterol either individually or in combination with other marker compounds. Over the past decade HPTLC has been successfully used in the analysis of pharmaceuticals, ...
Word - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... caterpillar insects, including the major pests of cotton. The insecticidal genes were introduced separately into two cotton lines (MXB-7 and MXB-9). Subsequently the two traits were combined by crossing the two GM cotton lines using conventional breeding to produce cotton line MXB-13. Using two B. t ...
... caterpillar insects, including the major pests of cotton. The insecticidal genes were introduced separately into two cotton lines (MXB-7 and MXB-9). Subsequently the two traits were combined by crossing the two GM cotton lines using conventional breeding to produce cotton line MXB-13. Using two B. t ...
BMC Microbiology
... Analysis of expression levels of A. niger putative dioxygenases ppoA, ppoC and ppoD showed that the three genes were expressed from the center to the periphery of the A. niger colonies grown on maltose, however, the level of expression differed (Fig. 4). The genes ppoA and ppoD were expressed mainly ...
... Analysis of expression levels of A. niger putative dioxygenases ppoA, ppoC and ppoD showed that the three genes were expressed from the center to the periphery of the A. niger colonies grown on maltose, however, the level of expression differed (Fig. 4). The genes ppoA and ppoD were expressed mainly ...
A novel zinc-dependent D-serine dehydratase
... protein that is unidentified but is predicted to have a motif similar to that of the N-terminal domain of the bacterial alanine racemase. In the present study we found that YGL196W encodes a novel D-serine dehydratase, which belongs to a different protein family from that of the known bacterial enzy ...
... protein that is unidentified but is predicted to have a motif similar to that of the N-terminal domain of the bacterial alanine racemase. In the present study we found that YGL196W encodes a novel D-serine dehydratase, which belongs to a different protein family from that of the known bacterial enzy ...
Relació estructura-funció en la família de transportadors d'aminoàcids heteromultimèrics.
... transport these amino acids from the extracellular medium into the cell, or vice versa. In the early 1960s, after 0031-9333/98 $15.00 Copyright © 1998 the American Physiological Society ...
... transport these amino acids from the extracellular medium into the cell, or vice versa. In the early 1960s, after 0031-9333/98 $15.00 Copyright © 1998 the American Physiological Society ...
Mitochondria and energy production
... Oxygen is an atypical molecule (Fig. 1). Although it is a diradical, its two unpaired electrons are located on different orbitals and have a parallel spin, making oxygen a relatively stable molecule [2]. Yet, oxygen is avid for electrons. Its incomplete reduction by one, two or three successive elec ...
... Oxygen is an atypical molecule (Fig. 1). Although it is a diradical, its two unpaired electrons are located on different orbitals and have a parallel spin, making oxygen a relatively stable molecule [2]. Yet, oxygen is avid for electrons. Its incomplete reduction by one, two or three successive elec ...
Skin Lesions Associated with Lysine Deficiency in Kittens
... in the test and control groups in the present study may reflect the high mean growth rate of the control group compared to that reported in previous studies using similar diets (35 vs. 24-26 g/d).5,8 Circulating essential amino acids used for tissue accretion during the period of rapid growth may re ...
... in the test and control groups in the present study may reflect the high mean growth rate of the control group compared to that reported in previous studies using similar diets (35 vs. 24-26 g/d).5,8 Circulating essential amino acids used for tissue accretion during the period of rapid growth may re ...
Sequence Alignment - Bilkent University
... Alu elements contain the internal A and B boxes of the RNA polymerase III promoter from the 7SL RNA gene. These internal promoter elements significantly diverge from the consensus and are too weak to drive efficient transcription of Alu elements, which is then dependent on sequences flanking their s ...
... Alu elements contain the internal A and B boxes of the RNA polymerase III promoter from the 7SL RNA gene. These internal promoter elements significantly diverge from the consensus and are too weak to drive efficient transcription of Alu elements, which is then dependent on sequences flanking their s ...
Preventing the Discovery of Plaintiff Genetic Profiles by Defendants
... admissibility, and because of a desire to keep this complicated subject within manageable proportions, this Article is limited to the issue of discovery of genetic information. Part I discusses the Human Genome Project and the growing ability of medical science to predict the risk of an individual's ...
... admissibility, and because of a desire to keep this complicated subject within manageable proportions, this Article is limited to the issue of discovery of genetic information. Part I discusses the Human Genome Project and the growing ability of medical science to predict the risk of an individual's ...
human genome research
... 'working draft' of the sequence of the human genome (all the DNA contained in the full set of human chromosomes). This consisted of the finished (99.99% accurate) sequence for around one quarter of the total code (including many of the regions of greatest interest) along with a sketchier 'first draf ...
... 'working draft' of the sequence of the human genome (all the DNA contained in the full set of human chromosomes). This consisted of the finished (99.99% accurate) sequence for around one quarter of the total code (including many of the regions of greatest interest) along with a sketchier 'first draf ...
Discovery of genes in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) involved
... compared to controls, but this difference was not significant (p=0.068; Figure 6). Cg-3KDSR The sequence of the Cg-3KDSR open reading frame was 1129 bp and was most similar to the Rattus norvegicus 3KDSR sequence (NM_001108342) with a sequence identity of 68%. The second most similar sequence was 3K ...
... compared to controls, but this difference was not significant (p=0.068; Figure 6). Cg-3KDSR The sequence of the Cg-3KDSR open reading frame was 1129 bp and was most similar to the Rattus norvegicus 3KDSR sequence (NM_001108342) with a sequence identity of 68%. The second most similar sequence was 3K ...
Molecular genetics of the extracellular lipase of
... these fragments alone expressed complementary activity. Sequence analysis (see below) revealed that the 5’ part of the lipase gene was missing from clone pSW 101. The 1.0 kb SaZI fragment, which carries 85 % of the gene, was subsequentlyused as a probe to clone the intact gene. Genomic DNA from P.ae ...
... these fragments alone expressed complementary activity. Sequence analysis (see below) revealed that the 5’ part of the lipase gene was missing from clone pSW 101. The 1.0 kb SaZI fragment, which carries 85 % of the gene, was subsequentlyused as a probe to clone the intact gene. Genomic DNA from P.ae ...
DNA sentences How are proteins coded for by DNA?
... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule of life. DNA is one of the most recognizable nucleic acids, a doublestranded helix. The process by which DNA codes for proteins involves enzymes and additional single-stranded nucleic acids, specifically messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and transfer ribon ...
... Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule of life. DNA is one of the most recognizable nucleic acids, a doublestranded helix. The process by which DNA codes for proteins involves enzymes and additional single-stranded nucleic acids, specifically messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and transfer ribon ...
The Antibiotic Cerulenin, a Novel Tool for Biochemistry as an
... against infectious diseases and for accelerating their growth. They are also used as food additives to retain freshness for an extended period. The usefulness of antibiotics is not limited only to our daily needs, but also encompasses our research interests: they offer us remarkable experimental dev ...
... against infectious diseases and for accelerating their growth. They are also used as food additives to retain freshness for an extended period. The usefulness of antibiotics is not limited only to our daily needs, but also encompasses our research interests: they offer us remarkable experimental dev ...
Planta
... from the condensation of oxaloacetate and glyoxylate by the enzyme oxalomalate lyase (Sekizawa et al. 1966). In this article, the effects of citramalate and oxalomalate on aconitase expression and activity were investigated. These inhibitors reduced aconitase activity and induced citrate accumulatio ...
... from the condensation of oxaloacetate and glyoxylate by the enzyme oxalomalate lyase (Sekizawa et al. 1966). In this article, the effects of citramalate and oxalomalate on aconitase expression and activity were investigated. These inhibitors reduced aconitase activity and induced citrate accumulatio ...
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is accomplished by the ribosome, which links amino acids in an order specified by mRNA, using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.The code defines how sequences of these nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see the RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact some variant codes have evolved. For example, protein synthesis in human mitochondria relies on a genetic code that differs from the standard genetic code.While the genetic code determines the protein sequence for a given coding region, other genomic regions can influence when and where these proteins are produced.