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Here - Semantic Scholar
Here - Semantic Scholar

... with the necessary language from biology. A vague, but nevertheless informative, definition of a gene is simply a unit of hereditary information. The genetic code of an organism is carried on chromosomes. Each gene on a chromosome has different forms that it can take. These forms are called alleles. ...
Introduction to Nutrition and Metabolism, Third Edition
Introduction to Nutrition and Metabolism, Third Edition

... ‘why?’ – by exploring the need for food and the uses to which that food is put in the body. Some discussion of chemistry and biochemistry is obviously essential in order to investigate the fate of food in the body, and why there is a continuous need for food throughout life. Therefore, in the follow ...
Stereochemistry, Conformation and Configuration
Stereochemistry, Conformation and Configuration

... that the molecule has to assume a particular specific conformation in the agonist-receptor complex in order for complexation to lead to drug action. Conformational changes in the receptor are also thought to occur. It has been postulated that acetylcholine in the drugreceptor complex could adopt dif ...
Novel targets for tuberculosis drug discovery
Novel targets for tuberculosis drug discovery

... been solved. Amino acid biosynthesis should yield important antibiotic targets if the organism is unable to scavenge for nutrients from the human host. Another attractive target in lysine biosynthesis is the enzyme dihydrodipicolinate reductase, for which potent inhibitors have been identified [32]. ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... diseases such as arteriosclerosis and cancer. Liver injury is a widespread disease that can be caused by an overload of xenobiotics, such as alcohol, CCl4 , and bromobenzene. Alcohol-induced liver injury has been one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases. The mechanism of liver dysfunction i ...
1 Professor D.Sci. Judit Kosáry Nutritional biochemistry of the
1 Professor D.Sci. Judit Kosáry Nutritional biochemistry of the

... At first vitamins had an apparently illoginal system of accepted trivial nomenclature then after identification they got chemical names and short ‘accepted’ names, as well. The basis of the trivial system was on one hand the polar-apolar properties of the vitamin (water-soluble and fatsoluble) and t ...
Differential Enzyme Targeting As an Evolutionary Adaptation to
Differential Enzyme Targeting As an Evolutionary Adaptation to

... californianus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), and giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Using genomic DNA as template, the 59 region of AGT was amplified by PCR and RAGE (Mizobuchi and Frohman 1993) (with the exception of the domestic cat, ...
Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic
Chaperone-dependent gene expression of organic

... The recombinant clone was sequenced, and was found to contain an open reading frame (ORF) comprising 1575 nucloetides corresponding to 448 amino acids (Fig. 1). The sequence for a conserved pentapeptide, Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly, was located at position 602–616. The conserved pentapeptide of this enzyme cons ...
Branched-chain 2-oxoacids transamination increases
Branched-chain 2-oxoacids transamination increases

... Branched-chain 2-oxoacids (also known as branched-chain α-keto acids, BCKA) trigger a biphasic secretion of insulin in perifused rat islets which is similar in form to that stimulated by high glucose [1-4]. Early studies showed that BCKA were transaminated in a reaction probably catalyzed by a speci ...
Malo-ethanolic fermentation in Saccharomyces and
Malo-ethanolic fermentation in Saccharomyces and

... of these dicarboxylic acids. The transport of the two dicarboxylic acids was shown to be strongly inducible by either fumarate or L-malate, while kinetic studies suggest that the same protein transports both dicarboxylic acids. In the K()) yeasts Z. bailii and Sch. pombe, L-malic acid transport was ...


... Arg in birds, some tissues can convert citrulline into Arg, the renal tissue being the site of greatest conversion. Endothelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils can also recycle Arg from citrulline produced by nitric oxide synthetase. Wu and Morris (1998) describe Arg as “one of the most versatil ...
Peptide Transport in Helicobacter pylori: Roles of Dpp
Peptide Transport in Helicobacter pylori: Roles of Dpp

... Despite research into the nutritional requirements of Helicobacter pylori, little is known regarding its use of complex substrates, such as peptides. Analysis of genome sequences revealed putative ABC-type transporter genes for dipeptide (dppABCDF) and oligopeptide (oppABCD) transport. Genes from ea ...
A conserved N-‐terminal domain of Rif2 regulates telomere length in
A conserved N-‐terminal domain of Rif2 regulates telomere length in

... used  in  this  study  are  listed  in  the  supplementary  tables  S1-­‐S6.    All  restriction   enzymes  used  in  these  experiments  were  from  New  England  Biolabs.     NAAIRS  mutagenesis   We  scanned  the  entire  RIF2  gene ...
informe tecnológico de patentes
informe tecnológico de patentes

... effective therapy. However, if reduction of wild-type protein is not well tolerated in the brain, it may be necessary to suppress just the product of the mutant allele. We present a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that selectively reduces the endogenous mRNA for a heterozygous HD donor's pathogenic al ...
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA

... Glycogen (a branched-chain carbohydrate; Cat. No. 10814010) and Invitrogen™ GlycoBlue™ Coprecipitant (glycogen covalently linked to a blue dye; Cat. No. AM9515) are reagents commonly used to facilitate nucleic acid precipitation without adding extraneous nucleic acids to the sample. This study was c ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... warbler, evidence suggests that mtDNA from the eastern, myrtle warbler, has introgressed across much of the range of the western form, the Audubon’s warbler. Within the southwestern United States myrtle mtDNA comes into contact with another clade that occurs in the Mexican black-fronted warbler. Bot ...
Biologically Active Oxylipins from Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic
Biologically Active Oxylipins from Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic

... Macroalgae comprise an abundant and heterogeneous group of marine organisms characterized by their photosynthetic nature and worldwide distribution [12]. Biodiversity within red (Rhodophyta), green (Chlorophyta), and brown (Ochrophyta) macroalgae offers the possibility of finding a wide variety of n ...
Room-temperature-curable resin composition
Room-temperature-curable resin composition

... proportions that the proportion of the active hydrogen The vinyl polymer (B) having both of the above containing group in the compound (a-4) is about 0.5 to 20 reactive groups may be prepared by applying any known methods. Examples of simple methods include 3 equivalents per equivalent of the acid a ...
Thermodynamic and Biophysical Characterization of Cytochrome P450
Thermodynamic and Biophysical Characterization of Cytochrome P450

... polycyclic azole drugs with similar affinity to that for fatty acids (Kd values in the range 0.1-160 µM). Sigmoidal binding curves for titration of BioI with azole drugs suggests a cooperative process in this case. BioI as isolated from Escherichia coli is in a mixed heme iron spin state. Alteration ...
Structure-Based Prediction of Asparagine and Aspartate
Structure-Based Prediction of Asparagine and Aspartate

... which is essential for the development of a drug candidate into a marketed product. Therapeutic proteins may degrade via asparagine (Asn) deamidation and aspartate (Asp) isomerization, but the factors responsible for such degradation remain poorly understood. We studied the structural properties of ...
Pyridoxine Pyridoxal Pyridoxamine
Pyridoxine Pyridoxal Pyridoxamine

... supply unless it is supplemented. Usually within 8 hours, much of the excess is excreted through the urine. Pyridoxine ...
Threading-based Protein Structure Prediction
Threading-based Protein Structure Prediction

... called nucleotides Francis Crick shows James Watson the model of DNA in their room number 103 of the Austin Wing at the ...
Flavour compounds in fungi
Flavour compounds in fungi

... Fungi produce a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during their primary or secondary metabolism and with a wide range of functions. The main focus of this research work has been put on flavour molecules that are produced during fermentation processes, mainly esters and alcohols derived fro ...
Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of
Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of

... in v/tro transcription-translation system is possibly due to the production of truncated derivatives of the larger gene products. All three ORFs have an A T G start codon, show the same orientation and are preceded by identifiable ribosome-binding sites at the consensus distance from the translation ...
Archive Microbiology
Archive Microbiology

... was used for the assays of lipoic acid. In the beginning it was grown in exactly the same medium as described by Gunsalus a n d Razzell (1957). However, even after repeated passage into fresh medium, these cultures did not respond significantly to the addition of lipoic acid. Since vitamin free case ...
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Genetic code



The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is accomplished by the ribosome, which links amino acids in an order specified by mRNA, using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.The code defines how sequences of these nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. Because the vast majority of genes are encoded with exactly the same code (see the RNA codon table), this particular code is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though in fact some variant codes have evolved. For example, protein synthesis in human mitochondria relies on a genetic code that differs from the standard genetic code.While the genetic code determines the protein sequence for a given coding region, other genomic regions can influence when and where these proteins are produced.
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