Stellar Evolution after the Main Sequence
... • One property of the degenerate electron gas is that it conducts temperature very well, so as soon as the energy is released in one part of the core, it is transmitted throughout the core in seconds, producing a rapid heating of all of the He there. • The He burning accelerates like an explosion – ...
... • One property of the degenerate electron gas is that it conducts temperature very well, so as soon as the energy is released in one part of the core, it is transmitted throughout the core in seconds, producing a rapid heating of all of the He there. • The He burning accelerates like an explosion – ...
"Stars" pdf file
... world of atomic nuclei. Atoms have a precise structure: they have a nucleus formed by particles called protons and neutrons, around which orbits a cloud of smaller particles called electrons. We are in the extremely small world: take a millimeter, divide it by a million and then again by ten and we ...
... world of atomic nuclei. Atoms have a precise structure: they have a nucleus formed by particles called protons and neutrons, around which orbits a cloud of smaller particles called electrons. We are in the extremely small world: take a millimeter, divide it by a million and then again by ten and we ...
Lighthouse in the Sky Quiz Q & A
... b. the observer closer to the GP of the body measures the smaller altitude. c. both observers measure the same altitude. d. the positions of the observers relative to the GP cannot be determined because the azimuths from each observer are not given. ...
... b. the observer closer to the GP of the body measures the smaller altitude. c. both observers measure the same altitude. d. the positions of the observers relative to the GP cannot be determined because the azimuths from each observer are not given. ...
Earth Science Quarter 1 Credit Recovery
... 1. Find mass of each of your 12 objects using the scale or balance. 2. Label the 4 sheets of paper: Small, Medium, Large and Extra Large. 3. Divide your objects on the papers based on their masses-you will have to decide what the cut-off point is for each sheet. The objects on the paper labeled “sma ...
... 1. Find mass of each of your 12 objects using the scale or balance. 2. Label the 4 sheets of paper: Small, Medium, Large and Extra Large. 3. Divide your objects on the papers based on their masses-you will have to decide what the cut-off point is for each sheet. The objects on the paper labeled “sma ...
Become a Member - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... the atmospheres of the Sun and the stars was similar to that in Earth’s crust. In 1889, geochemist Frank Wigglesworth Clarke’s The Relative Abundance of the Chemical Elements was the result of his comprehensive sampling of minerals from many parts of Earth’s crust. Many of the strong lines of the so ...
... the atmospheres of the Sun and the stars was similar to that in Earth’s crust. In 1889, geochemist Frank Wigglesworth Clarke’s The Relative Abundance of the Chemical Elements was the result of his comprehensive sampling of minerals from many parts of Earth’s crust. Many of the strong lines of the so ...
Answers
... pattern D. It forms this pattern because the larger radii will contain more stars. This is similar to the gravitational field strength within the Earth. 5) What could this unseen matter be? Small cold objects like planets, asteroids, brown dwarfs. Tiny particles like dust or gas. Black holes. Neutri ...
... pattern D. It forms this pattern because the larger radii will contain more stars. This is similar to the gravitational field strength within the Earth. 5) What could this unseen matter be? Small cold objects like planets, asteroids, brown dwarfs. Tiny particles like dust or gas. Black holes. Neutri ...
Biological Adaptations - Hartsville Middle School
... • Scientists hypothesize that possibly a large asteroid or comet impacted with Earth and caused the Ice Age. This impact caused dust and smoke to rise into the atmosphere and cause climatic changes, as well as the dying of many forms of plant life and animals that depended on those plants for food. ...
... • Scientists hypothesize that possibly a large asteroid or comet impacted with Earth and caused the Ice Age. This impact caused dust and smoke to rise into the atmosphere and cause climatic changes, as well as the dying of many forms of plant life and animals that depended on those plants for food. ...
A Walk through the Universe
... That usually does the trick.] Yes, he wanted to call it after King George III, because he thought it might be good for his career. But the other astronomers thought “Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, George” sounded silly, so it was renamed Uranus, because in the Greek myths Uranus was S ...
... That usually does the trick.] Yes, he wanted to call it after King George III, because he thought it might be good for his career. But the other astronomers thought “Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, George” sounded silly, so it was renamed Uranus, because in the Greek myths Uranus was S ...
Document
... Pluto first discovered in 1930 by Clyde W. Tombaugh A full-fledged planet is an object that orbits the sun and is large enough to have become round due to the force of its own gravity. In addition, a planet has to dominate the neighborhood around its orbit. Pluto has been demoted to be a “Dwar ...
... Pluto first discovered in 1930 by Clyde W. Tombaugh A full-fledged planet is an object that orbits the sun and is large enough to have become round due to the force of its own gravity. In addition, a planet has to dominate the neighborhood around its orbit. Pluto has been demoted to be a “Dwar ...
QUASARS and ACTIVE GALAXIES
... We detect no big blueshifts – only small ones, like Andromeda approaching us at 300 km/sec. This is only 1/1000 of c. (That could change in the very remote future – umpteen trillion years from now! -- if the universal expansion were to come to a halt and turn into a contraction. Then we would start ...
... We detect no big blueshifts – only small ones, like Andromeda approaching us at 300 km/sec. This is only 1/1000 of c. (That could change in the very remote future – umpteen trillion years from now! -- if the universal expansion were to come to a halt and turn into a contraction. Then we would start ...
Early Universe and Thermal History
... mostly through the strong force) and leptons (which interact mostly through the weak force), and their anti-particles, acquire individual identities. A generic prediction of GUT is that protons should decay; the time scale varies between theories, but is of the order of 1030 seconds. Experimental lo ...
... mostly through the strong force) and leptons (which interact mostly through the weak force), and their anti-particles, acquire individual identities. A generic prediction of GUT is that protons should decay; the time scale varies between theories, but is of the order of 1030 seconds. Experimental lo ...
It is well documented how technological advancements have
... maps.A Most of these were centered on defining the different constellations and attributing mythical or religious significance to their existence. Islamicate celestial globes, created as early as the sixth century B.C., are perhaps the oldest detailed representations of the heavens visualized in thr ...
... maps.A Most of these were centered on defining the different constellations and attributing mythical or religious significance to their existence. Islamicate celestial globes, created as early as the sixth century B.C., are perhaps the oldest detailed representations of the heavens visualized in thr ...
The Hubble Space Telescope
... drag’ created by its evaporating hydrogen atmosphere. The astronomers believe that the oxygen present exists naturally, and is not being produced by any sort of life on the gaseous hot world. Nevertheless, it is a promising demonstration that the chemical composition of atmospheres on planets many l ...
... drag’ created by its evaporating hydrogen atmosphere. The astronomers believe that the oxygen present exists naturally, and is not being produced by any sort of life on the gaseous hot world. Nevertheless, it is a promising demonstration that the chemical composition of atmospheres on planets many l ...
Astrophysics * Glossary - Uplift Summit International
... In 1960 it was proposed that sometime during the early history of the Universe it was at a sufficiently high temperature to produce helium by fusion. In this process many high energy photons would be produced. The CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) radiation was emitted only a few hundred t ...
... In 1960 it was proposed that sometime during the early history of the Universe it was at a sufficiently high temperature to produce helium by fusion. In this process many high energy photons would be produced. The CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) radiation was emitted only a few hundred t ...
3/r -- this talks about the surface area vs the volume of a planet
... Newton changed the worlds view of physics. he believed that the universe was a rational one that he likened to a clock. One must only wind up the clock and then let it run. He didn’t believe that the universe was unrelated collection of activities, but that it was a rational system. Newton was a dei ...
... Newton changed the worlds view of physics. he believed that the universe was a rational one that he likened to a clock. One must only wind up the clock and then let it run. He didn’t believe that the universe was unrelated collection of activities, but that it was a rational system. Newton was a dei ...
Distant galaxies and quasars The ages of things Light
... back is roughly z=0.5 and observations at z>3 show Universe when it was only 10-20% of its current age. ...
... back is roughly z=0.5 and observations at z>3 show Universe when it was only 10-20% of its current age. ...
Dark Matter in the Universe:
... As a MACHO passes near the line-of-sight to a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the star will appear to brighten and then return to normal (twinkle!) How much the star brightens depends on how close the MACHO comes to the line-of-sight. How long it appears to be brighter depends on how fast the MA ...
... As a MACHO passes near the line-of-sight to a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the star will appear to brighten and then return to normal (twinkle!) How much the star brightens depends on how close the MACHO comes to the line-of-sight. How long it appears to be brighter depends on how fast the MA ...
PHY320 Glossary of Terms - The University of Sheffield
... calculated curves have been verified both from laboratory experiments and stellar observations. Doppler Broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the motion of emitting or absorbing atoms. It is important that this effect is taken into account when using the spectra of stars to estimate ...
... calculated curves have been verified both from laboratory experiments and stellar observations. Doppler Broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the motion of emitting or absorbing atoms. It is important that this effect is taken into account when using the spectra of stars to estimate ...
the life cycle of stars - North American Montessori Center
... protostars, dense bodies of gas and dust that have not yet begun to generate light. As the mass of each protostar increases, its gravity also increases, which squeezes the core of the protostar ever harder. ...
... protostars, dense bodies of gas and dust that have not yet begun to generate light. As the mass of each protostar increases, its gravity also increases, which squeezes the core of the protostar ever harder. ...
ASTR 001 Introduction to the Cosmos
... 13. Hubble’s constant is about 22 km/s/million light-years, implying an age of about 14 billion years for the universe. If Hubble’s constant were 11 km/s/million light-years, the age of the universe would be about: A) 7 billion years. B) 14 billion years. C) 28 billion years. D) Impossible to say, b ...
... 13. Hubble’s constant is about 22 km/s/million light-years, implying an age of about 14 billion years for the universe. If Hubble’s constant were 11 km/s/million light-years, the age of the universe would be about: A) 7 billion years. B) 14 billion years. C) 28 billion years. D) Impossible to say, b ...
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM SET # 3
... 5) [20 points] If every star within a Hubble distance of us were as massive as the Sun and were made entirely of hydrogen, how many hydrogen atoms would be within a Hubble distance of us? Dividing this number of atoms by the volume of space within a Hubble distance of us, show how many hydrogen ato ...
... 5) [20 points] If every star within a Hubble distance of us were as massive as the Sun and were made entirely of hydrogen, how many hydrogen atoms would be within a Hubble distance of us? Dividing this number of atoms by the volume of space within a Hubble distance of us, show how many hydrogen ato ...
8 Grade/Comp.Sci.III adv Course Code: 2002110
... Solar System and Planets 1. Define solar system 2. Define planets 3. Describe the sizes of the planets 4. Explain the differences in composition of planets Stars and Galaxies 1. Define star. 2. Describe the sizes and composition of stars 3. Define Galaxy 4. Describe the sizes and composition of gala ...
... Solar System and Planets 1. Define solar system 2. Define planets 3. Describe the sizes of the planets 4. Explain the differences in composition of planets Stars and Galaxies 1. Define star. 2. Describe the sizes and composition of stars 3. Define Galaxy 4. Describe the sizes and composition of gala ...
Introduction Contact Weak Lensing: Method The NOAO Deep Wide
... Observations of Supernovae have revealed that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. Because dark matter decelerates the expansion, this points to a new component to the Universe —the Dark Energy. Experiments like the JDEM missions and LSST will use gravitational lensing as a tool to measure ...
... Observations of Supernovae have revealed that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. Because dark matter decelerates the expansion, this points to a new component to the Universe —the Dark Energy. Experiments like the JDEM missions and LSST will use gravitational lensing as a tool to measure ...
Lecture 3: Interstellar Dust, Radiative Transfer and Thermal Radiation
... A black body is a theoretical object that absorbs 100% of the radiation that hits it. Therefore it reflects no radiation and appears perfectly black. At a particular temperature the black body would emit the maximum amount of energy possible for that temperature. This value is known as the black bod ...
... A black body is a theoretical object that absorbs 100% of the radiation that hits it. Therefore it reflects no radiation and appears perfectly black. At a particular temperature the black body would emit the maximum amount of energy possible for that temperature. This value is known as the black bod ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.