Introduction to Planetary Science
... the Jupiter system (Image PIA 00342, courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech) ...
... the Jupiter system (Image PIA 00342, courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech) ...
The quest for the size of the universe in early relativistic cosmology
... radius of space-time. We then examine the different works in this field by Ludwik Silberstein (1872-1948) and Knut Lundmark (1889-1958). Finally, we give an overview of further investigations on the topic carried out before the discovery of the expanding universe. The variety of methods to obtain th ...
... radius of space-time. We then examine the different works in this field by Ludwik Silberstein (1872-1948) and Knut Lundmark (1889-1958). Finally, we give an overview of further investigations on the topic carried out before the discovery of the expanding universe. The variety of methods to obtain th ...
SPICA Yellow Book
... measure star formation rates in the obscured extra-galactic sources at different cosmic epochs and explore the physics and chemistry of planet formation. To obtain this increase in sensitivity we need a cold (< 6 K) telescope of about the same diameter as Herschel. The Japanese led SPace Infrared te ...
... measure star formation rates in the obscured extra-galactic sources at different cosmic epochs and explore the physics and chemistry of planet formation. To obtain this increase in sensitivity we need a cold (< 6 K) telescope of about the same diameter as Herschel. The Japanese led SPace Infrared te ...
Episode 1: “Standing Up in the Milky Way”
... NEIL (V.O.) We may just be little guys, living on a speck of dust afloat in a staggering immensity, but we don't think small. This cosmic perspective is relatively new. A mere four centuries ago our tiny world was oblivious to the rest of the cosmos. There were no telescopes. The universe was only w ...
... NEIL (V.O.) We may just be little guys, living on a speck of dust afloat in a staggering immensity, but we don't think small. This cosmic perspective is relatively new. A mere four centuries ago our tiny world was oblivious to the rest of the cosmos. There were no telescopes. The universe was only w ...
Introduction
... formation. I demonstrate that feedback from active nuclei is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism quenching star formation and driving the evolution of these late-type galaxies. In fact, galaxies with quenched star formation are typically gas deficient systems residing in the cluster environment, s ...
... formation. I demonstrate that feedback from active nuclei is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism quenching star formation and driving the evolution of these late-type galaxies. In fact, galaxies with quenched star formation are typically gas deficient systems residing in the cluster environment, s ...
The presence of gamma rays in space was known before they were
... however the main definition of a gamma ray is that its source has to be from the nucleus of an atom and not from one of the electrons surrounding the nucleus. This means X-rays which are generated from electrons can have same energies as gamma rays, but it is important to make a distinction between ...
... however the main definition of a gamma ray is that its source has to be from the nucleus of an atom and not from one of the electrons surrounding the nucleus. This means X-rays which are generated from electrons can have same energies as gamma rays, but it is important to make a distinction between ...
An Introduction to phylum Tardigrada - Review
... failure of the osmoregulatory, causing the tardigrade to puff up and float around for a few days until its habitat dries out and it can resume active life. [1] Some tardigrades exhibit effective osmoregulation through Osmobiosis. Osmobiosis is a response to extreme salinity, which causes destructive ...
... failure of the osmoregulatory, causing the tardigrade to puff up and float around for a few days until its habitat dries out and it can resume active life. [1] Some tardigrades exhibit effective osmoregulation through Osmobiosis. Osmobiosis is a response to extreme salinity, which causes destructive ...
The age of elliptical galaxies and bulges in a merger model The age
... must have formed the bulk of their stars at redshifts greater than 2, or else the observed homogeneity in the colours would require a very precise synchronization of formation epochs and star formation histories for these galaxies. Likewise, Bender, Burstein & Faber (1993) find a very tight relation ...
... must have formed the bulk of their stars at redshifts greater than 2, or else the observed homogeneity in the colours would require a very precise synchronization of formation epochs and star formation histories for these galaxies. Likewise, Bender, Burstein & Faber (1993) find a very tight relation ...
PDF - STRW Local - Universiteit Leiden
... While the haloes of dark matter that are thought to host galaxies can be simulated accurately almost from first principles, this is not the case for the galaxies themselves, which consist mostly of baryonic (i.e. ordinary) matter. The difficulties stem from three problems. First, not only gravity, b ...
... While the haloes of dark matter that are thought to host galaxies can be simulated accurately almost from first principles, this is not the case for the galaxies themselves, which consist mostly of baryonic (i.e. ordinary) matter. The difficulties stem from three problems. First, not only gravity, b ...
The ALMA Universe - ALMA Observatory
... two things: the color (wavelength) of the light and the diameter of the telescope. ...
... two things: the color (wavelength) of the light and the diameter of the telescope. ...
from z=0 to z=1
... IR/UV increases by ~ 4. This is consistent with the scenario that high z galaxies are more luminous therefore with higher attenuation. ...
... IR/UV increases by ~ 4. This is consistent with the scenario that high z galaxies are more luminous therefore with higher attenuation. ...
Chapter 24
... dramatically. Planets become inconsequential, stars themselves mere points of hydrogen consumption. Now entire galaxies become the “atoms” from which the universe is built—distant realms completely unknown to scientists just a century ago. We know of literally millions of galaxies beyond our own. Mo ...
... dramatically. Planets become inconsequential, stars themselves mere points of hydrogen consumption. Now entire galaxies become the “atoms” from which the universe is built—distant realms completely unknown to scientists just a century ago. We know of literally millions of galaxies beyond our own. Mo ...
On the origin of lopsidedness in galaxies as determined
... Although such features are generically referred to as “lopsidedness,” m = 1 distortions are only truly a measurement of lopsidedness if the phase of the component is constant, or nearly so, with radius. This distinction has been noted in some discussions of the m = 1 decompositions (Li et al. 2011), ...
... Although such features are generically referred to as “lopsidedness,” m = 1 distortions are only truly a measurement of lopsidedness if the phase of the component is constant, or nearly so, with radius. This distinction has been noted in some discussions of the m = 1 decompositions (Li et al. 2011), ...
lecture course
... In most galaxy samples there are roughly equal numbers of elliptical, spiral, and peculiar (irregular) galaxies. Elliptical galaxies come in two types - giant ellipticals, which have high brightnesses at their centres and absolute B magnitudes between about -25 and -15, and dwarf ellipticals, which ...
... In most galaxy samples there are roughly equal numbers of elliptical, spiral, and peculiar (irregular) galaxies. Elliptical galaxies come in two types - giant ellipticals, which have high brightnesses at their centres and absolute B magnitudes between about -25 and -15, and dwarf ellipticals, which ...
Kalam Cosmological Argument
... turns his main guns on this first step: “There is a priori no good reason why a sheer origination of things, not determined by anything, should be unacceptable, whereas the existence of a god [sic] with the power to create something out of nothing is acceptable.”28 Indeed, he believes creatio ex nihi ...
... turns his main guns on this first step: “There is a priori no good reason why a sheer origination of things, not determined by anything, should be unacceptable, whereas the existence of a god [sic] with the power to create something out of nothing is acceptable.”28 Indeed, he believes creatio ex nihi ...
Morphology and Environment
... along the Sa – Sb – Sc sequence collapse into a coarse scheme of ‘early’ (S ), ‘intermediate’ (S), and ‘late’ (S+ ) types at lower luminosities. At very low luminosities only rough distinctions between E, S, and Ir galaxies can be recognized. In the ‘trident’ diagram (Fig. 2.2) the horizontal axis i ...
... along the Sa – Sb – Sc sequence collapse into a coarse scheme of ‘early’ (S ), ‘intermediate’ (S), and ‘late’ (S+ ) types at lower luminosities. At very low luminosities only rough distinctions between E, S, and Ir galaxies can be recognized. In the ‘trident’ diagram (Fig. 2.2) the horizontal axis i ...
PH607lec08
... aligned with either the major or minor axes, or they may be warped. • E galaxies contain modest amounts of cool and warm gas, although not as much as is found in S galaxies. A few E galaxies have extended disks of neutral hydrogen. • X-ray observations indicate that many ellipticals contain 10^9 to ...
... aligned with either the major or minor axes, or they may be warped. • E galaxies contain modest amounts of cool and warm gas, although not as much as is found in S galaxies. A few E galaxies have extended disks of neutral hydrogen. • X-ray observations indicate that many ellipticals contain 10^9 to ...
Evolution of galaxy morphology - Lecture 1 - NCRA-TIFR
... gravitationally bound agglomerations of stars, dust, gas, dark matter. Mass ratio Gas:Stars:Dark Matter - 1:10:100 they are the basic building blocks of the Universe on large scales they show a broad range in their physical properties Understanding of galaxy formation and evolution is one of the mai ...
... gravitationally bound agglomerations of stars, dust, gas, dark matter. Mass ratio Gas:Stars:Dark Matter - 1:10:100 they are the basic building blocks of the Universe on large scales they show a broad range in their physical properties Understanding of galaxy formation and evolution is one of the mai ...
here - ISAS/JAXA
... Emission as a Probe of Large Scale Structure and the Evolving ISM in Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies Christopher Fuller Galaxy Evolution in Coma, Fornax and Virgo nearby and Clusters as seen by Herschel Yusei Koyama SPICA distant cluster survey: unveiling the dust-obscured star formation activity trigge ...
... Emission as a Probe of Large Scale Structure and the Evolving ISM in Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies Christopher Fuller Galaxy Evolution in Coma, Fornax and Virgo nearby and Clusters as seen by Herschel Yusei Koyama SPICA distant cluster survey: unveiling the dust-obscured star formation activity trigge ...
83-98
... Harris & Pilachowski (1984 hereinafter HP) derived [Fe/H] for YZ Aur, TV Cam, DL Cas, BM Per, TX Cyg, X Cyg, CK Sct and UZ Sct using high-dispersion spectra and fine analysis. However, for X Cyg the estimate of HP is higher than the one derived by LL by 0.18 dex which is surprising. The differences ...
... Harris & Pilachowski (1984 hereinafter HP) derived [Fe/H] for YZ Aur, TV Cam, DL Cas, BM Per, TX Cyg, X Cyg, CK Sct and UZ Sct using high-dispersion spectra and fine analysis. However, for X Cyg the estimate of HP is higher than the one derived by LL by 0.18 dex which is surprising. The differences ...
David AJ Seargent
... All we know of his theories comes from a trio of statements preserved by Aristotle and which may be summarized as something like: Water is the cause of all things, The Earth floats on water, All things are full of gods. The magnet is alive because it has the power of moving iron. The last need not c ...
... All we know of his theories comes from a trio of statements preserved by Aristotle and which may be summarized as something like: Water is the cause of all things, The Earth floats on water, All things are full of gods. The magnet is alive because it has the power of moving iron. The last need not c ...
elt science case
... Furthermore, new fundamental question may arise: the evidence for dark energy was found only recently, and it added a new component to the Universe, the biggest component in terms of energy density at low redshift. We still have no idea of its nature and physical properties. Below we present the sci ...
... Furthermore, new fundamental question may arise: the evidence for dark energy was found only recently, and it added a new component to the Universe, the biggest component in terms of energy density at low redshift. We still have no idea of its nature and physical properties. Below we present the sci ...
PPT - University of Colorado Boulder
... • Intensity, irradiance, solar flux (different names for the same thing): ~1367 W/m2 – Computed by estimating the total output of the Sun and dividing it by the surface area at our radius from the Sun 3.823 x 1026 Watts / 4πr2 – You can use a varying flux based on radius to be more accurate! ...
... • Intensity, irradiance, solar flux (different names for the same thing): ~1367 W/m2 – Computed by estimating the total output of the Sun and dividing it by the surface area at our radius from the Sun 3.823 x 1026 Watts / 4πr2 – You can use a varying flux based on radius to be more accurate! ...
Asteroids, Comets, and Meteorites: Cosmic Invaders of the Earth
... agglomerate into some 50 billion galaxies, each with tens of billions or hundreds of billions of stars.The universe is dominated by small- to medium-sized stars with less than 80 percent of the mass of the Sun. Remnants of the big bang can still be found by measuring the temperature of the universe. ...
... agglomerate into some 50 billion galaxies, each with tens of billions or hundreds of billions of stars.The universe is dominated by small- to medium-sized stars with less than 80 percent of the mass of the Sun. Remnants of the big bang can still be found by measuring the temperature of the universe. ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.