Earth Dimensions
... Modern methods Photographs from space Measurements of Polaris (North Star) Non-modern methods Eratosthenes method ...
... Modern methods Photographs from space Measurements of Polaris (North Star) Non-modern methods Eratosthenes method ...
Cosmic Survey
... objects in space, but have an incomplete mental model of where those objects are in space, their relative size and scale, and how they fit into the cosmic scheme of things. Understanding the sizes and distances of celestial objects can be tricky, since in our everyday experience, the stars all seem ...
... objects in space, but have an incomplete mental model of where those objects are in space, their relative size and scale, and how they fit into the cosmic scheme of things. Understanding the sizes and distances of celestial objects can be tricky, since in our everyday experience, the stars all seem ...
STARS
... 109 Earths, or almost 10 Jupiters, lined up edge to edge • The Sun is about 330, 000 times as massive as Earth • The Sun contains more than 99% of all the mass in the solar system ...
... 109 Earths, or almost 10 Jupiters, lined up edge to edge • The Sun is about 330, 000 times as massive as Earth • The Sun contains more than 99% of all the mass in the solar system ...
Nov 2009
... (h) State the two quantities that need to be measured in order to use a Cepheid variable as a “standard candle” to determine the distance to the galaxy in which the Cepheid is located. ...
... (h) State the two quantities that need to be measured in order to use a Cepheid variable as a “standard candle” to determine the distance to the galaxy in which the Cepheid is located. ...
AN INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY Dr. Uri Griv Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University
... careful astronomers noticed the then unknown rings blocking light from background stars. The rings are thought to be younger than 100 million years and may be formed of debris from the collision of a small moon with a passing comet or asteroid-like object. With moons named for characters in Shakespe ...
... careful astronomers noticed the then unknown rings blocking light from background stars. The rings are thought to be younger than 100 million years and may be formed of debris from the collision of a small moon with a passing comet or asteroid-like object. With moons named for characters in Shakespe ...
stars - Iowa State University
... instead of transparent. But calculations showed the dust grains would have evaporated if they had iron in them. They next wondered if enough molecules surrounded the core of a dying oxygenrich star to block out its light and thus create a wind that blew the star's outermost layer into space. But the ...
... instead of transparent. But calculations showed the dust grains would have evaporated if they had iron in them. They next wondered if enough molecules surrounded the core of a dying oxygenrich star to block out its light and thus create a wind that blew the star's outermost layer into space. But the ...
Facilitator Information - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... processes – that constantly recycle materials to make the chemical nutrients available. Finally, all organisms require protection from the extremes of the space environment. Existing underground or in deep water are ways that organisms can protect themselves. Atmospheres can offer protection at the ...
... processes – that constantly recycle materials to make the chemical nutrients available. Finally, all organisms require protection from the extremes of the space environment. Existing underground or in deep water are ways that organisms can protect themselves. Atmospheres can offer protection at the ...
Global Heat Budget - Dalkeith High School
... *The earth receives radiation from the sun. However, of all the radiation that arrives at the edge of the atmosphere, only a small proportion actually reaches the earth’s surface. ...
... *The earth receives radiation from the sun. However, of all the radiation that arrives at the edge of the atmosphere, only a small proportion actually reaches the earth’s surface. ...
Origin of Our Solar System
... nebulae, collapses Instabilities in the nebulae cause dust particles to stick together and accrete into billions of planetesimals with diameters of about 10 meters. The planetesimals then collide and form protoplanets. Meanwhile, the protosun in the center of the nebular disk becomes massive and hot ...
... nebulae, collapses Instabilities in the nebulae cause dust particles to stick together and accrete into billions of planetesimals with diameters of about 10 meters. The planetesimals then collide and form protoplanets. Meanwhile, the protosun in the center of the nebular disk becomes massive and hot ...
solar-wind-magnetosphere-answers
... • Where is the solar wind produced and how is it accelerated? Clues on the solar interior come from studying seismic waves that are produced in the turbulent outer shell of the Sun and which appear as ripples on its surface. Where is SOHO mission control? SOHO is operated from NASA’s Goddard Space F ...
... • Where is the solar wind produced and how is it accelerated? Clues on the solar interior come from studying seismic waves that are produced in the turbulent outer shell of the Sun and which appear as ripples on its surface. Where is SOHO mission control? SOHO is operated from NASA’s Goddard Space F ...
The Hubble Space Telescope - the first 10 years
... distance we can calculate how long it’s been travelling for (I.e., time=distance/velocity). • All galaxies gives us the same answer ! • This is an approximate* age of the Universe, the point in space-time from which all matter originated (*as this ignores any braking and accelerating) ...
... distance we can calculate how long it’s been travelling for (I.e., time=distance/velocity). • All galaxies gives us the same answer ! • This is an approximate* age of the Universe, the point in space-time from which all matter originated (*as this ignores any braking and accelerating) ...
THE INCREDIBLE ORIGIN OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
... Particles of matter falling towards a common centre of gravity accelerate and so gain kinetic energy: the matter becomes hotter. In the centre of such a mass of matter, the temperature eventually becomes high enough (about 10 million °C) to allow nuclear fusion to take place. Hydrogen nuclei collid ...
... Particles of matter falling towards a common centre of gravity accelerate and so gain kinetic energy: the matter becomes hotter. In the centre of such a mass of matter, the temperature eventually becomes high enough (about 10 million °C) to allow nuclear fusion to take place. Hydrogen nuclei collid ...
Redshift takes us from 2-D to 3-D
... 2) The Universe is observed to be expanding (so in the past it was smaller). The Steady State Universe tried to get around this by supposing that new galaxies appear out of nowhere to fill the increasing volume (no more unreasonable than supposing that the Universe appeared). But then the past shoul ...
... 2) The Universe is observed to be expanding (so in the past it was smaller). The Steady State Universe tried to get around this by supposing that new galaxies appear out of nowhere to fill the increasing volume (no more unreasonable than supposing that the Universe appeared). But then the past shoul ...
Lecture11 - UCSB Physics
... in cold interstellar gas clouds • D) H and some He were formed in the Big Bang, while the heavier elements have been slowly formed in the centers of stars over the life of the Universe. ...
... in cold interstellar gas clouds • D) H and some He were formed in the Big Bang, while the heavier elements have been slowly formed in the centers of stars over the life of the Universe. ...
Lecture11 - UCSB Physics
... in cold interstellar gas clouds •D) H and some He were formed in the Big Bang, while the heavier elements have been slowly formed in the centers of stars over the life of the Universe. ...
... in cold interstellar gas clouds •D) H and some He were formed in the Big Bang, while the heavier elements have been slowly formed in the centers of stars over the life of the Universe. ...
Universe and Galaxy Short Study Guide
... Black holes in the centers of giant galaxies—some more than one billion solar masses—had enough infalling gas to once blaze as quasars. The final mass of a black hole is not primordial, but instead is determined during the galaxy formation process. This shows that there is a close relationship betwe ...
... Black holes in the centers of giant galaxies—some more than one billion solar masses—had enough infalling gas to once blaze as quasars. The final mass of a black hole is not primordial, but instead is determined during the galaxy formation process. This shows that there is a close relationship betwe ...
Physical Science
... around and did not follow the paths of the normal stars. They called them Wander Stars “planets”. 2. “Wandering Stars” were: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn 3. Greek Astronomer Ptolemy believed: Geocentric - Earth centered Solar system 4. Copernicus: Polish Astronomer believed: Heliocentric ...
... around and did not follow the paths of the normal stars. They called them Wander Stars “planets”. 2. “Wandering Stars” were: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn 3. Greek Astronomer Ptolemy believed: Geocentric - Earth centered Solar system 4. Copernicus: Polish Astronomer believed: Heliocentric ...
Lesson 6 The Sun and its power source
... of the chromosphere Very low density – only visible during an eclipse Extremely hot! (1 to 2 million K) ...
... of the chromosphere Very low density – only visible during an eclipse Extremely hot! (1 to 2 million K) ...
8.2 Solar Nebula Theory and the Sun
... • If planetismals survive collisions, they may build up to full planets like those in our solar system • If their mass is >10x that of Jupiter, fusion begins and a star is formed ...
... • If planetismals survive collisions, they may build up to full planets like those in our solar system • If their mass is >10x that of Jupiter, fusion begins and a star is formed ...
Ch. 26 The Sun and the Solar System
... magnetic fields (1000 times stronger than that of the surrounding photosphere) Move from left to right across the Sun’s surface (first indication that the Sun rotates on an axis much like Earth) Sunspot activity cycles on an average of 11 yrs between peak activity and are associated with increase so ...
... magnetic fields (1000 times stronger than that of the surrounding photosphere) Move from left to right across the Sun’s surface (first indication that the Sun rotates on an axis much like Earth) Sunspot activity cycles on an average of 11 yrs between peak activity and are associated with increase so ...
Key Notes for Test 1
... This gives IR out per unit area as 345 (watts m-2 ), then we use the Stefan-Boltzmann Law , E (Joules m-2 s-1 ) = Teq4 , to work out the temperature. This tells us that the Temperature at equilibrium, Teq, must be Teq = (E/)¼ Using the full Solar Constant this gives an expected equilibrium tempera ...
... This gives IR out per unit area as 345 (watts m-2 ), then we use the Stefan-Boltzmann Law , E (Joules m-2 s-1 ) = Teq4 , to work out the temperature. This tells us that the Temperature at equilibrium, Teq, must be Teq = (E/)¼ Using the full Solar Constant this gives an expected equilibrium tempera ...
1 - BYU Physics and Astronomy
... (c) Pluto, (d) Venus. 31. The term "black body" is used by astrophysicists in reference to (a) a planet or other cold, dark object which emits no visible light of its own, (b) an object at a temperature of 0 K (absolute zero), (c) a hypothetical object which is both a perfect absorber and a perfect ...
... (c) Pluto, (d) Venus. 31. The term "black body" is used by astrophysicists in reference to (a) a planet or other cold, dark object which emits no visible light of its own, (b) an object at a temperature of 0 K (absolute zero), (c) a hypothetical object which is both a perfect absorber and a perfect ...
Expansion of the Universe
... continues to expand) and then cooled down enough for atoms to form. Gravity pulled the atoms together into gas clouds that eventually became stars, which comprise young galaxies ...
... continues to expand) and then cooled down enough for atoms to form. Gravity pulled the atoms together into gas clouds that eventually became stars, which comprise young galaxies ...
universe
... b) explain how the Sun and other stars transform matter into energy through nuclear fusion; and c) investigate the process by which a supernova can lead to the formation of successive generation stars and planets. ...
... b) explain how the Sun and other stars transform matter into energy through nuclear fusion; and c) investigate the process by which a supernova can lead to the formation of successive generation stars and planets. ...
Origin of gold found in rare neutron
... might be roughly the diameter of Washington but contain as much mass as our sun, all of it crammed together by the force of gravity, until even the atoms have collapsed, leaving the object with the density of an atomic nucleus. A teaspoon full of neutron-star material would weigh, on Earth, about 5 ...
... might be roughly the diameter of Washington but contain as much mass as our sun, all of it crammed together by the force of gravity, until even the atoms have collapsed, leaving the object with the density of an atomic nucleus. A teaspoon full of neutron-star material would weigh, on Earth, about 5 ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.