Early Star-Forming Galaxies and the Reionisation of the Universe
... of early galaxies and the distribution of their luminosities to quantify the number of sources producing energetic photons, as well as a determination of the mixture of stars, gas, and dust in galaxies to ascertain the likelihood the UV radiation can escape to ionise the IGM5,6. The Lyman α emission ...
... of early galaxies and the distribution of their luminosities to quantify the number of sources producing energetic photons, as well as a determination of the mixture of stars, gas, and dust in galaxies to ascertain the likelihood the UV radiation can escape to ionise the IGM5,6. The Lyman α emission ...
Introduction to Dark Matter
... of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBNS), after which most of the baryons were in the form of H and He, ended when the proton gas become sufficiently diluted by the expansion of the Universe to prevent further reactions. At around 240 000 years after the Big Bang, the Universe had reached a sufficiently l ...
... of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBNS), after which most of the baryons were in the form of H and He, ended when the proton gas become sufficiently diluted by the expansion of the Universe to prevent further reactions. At around 240 000 years after the Big Bang, the Universe had reached a sufficiently l ...
Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based on
... dust orbiting the newborn Sun. Repeated collisions produced a growing ball of debris. See that asteroid? No, not that one. The one over there. We exist because the gravity of that one next to it just nudged it an inch to the left. What difference could an inch make on the scale the solar system? Ju ...
... dust orbiting the newborn Sun. Repeated collisions produced a growing ball of debris. See that asteroid? No, not that one. The one over there. We exist because the gravity of that one next to it just nudged it an inch to the left. What difference could an inch make on the scale the solar system? Ju ...
sBzKs
... E(B-V)～0.40, average SFR ～ 190 Mo/yr, typical stellar mass ～1011 Mo, and ～solar metallicity. The high SFRs, large masses and high metallicities of sBzKs suggest that these z～2 star forming galaxies are the precursors of z=1 passive EROs and z=0 early-type galaxies. ...
... E(B-V)～0.40, average SFR ～ 190 Mo/yr, typical stellar mass ～1011 Mo, and ～solar metallicity. The high SFRs, large masses and high metallicities of sBzKs suggest that these z～2 star forming galaxies are the precursors of z=1 passive EROs and z=0 early-type galaxies. ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... higher sensitivity. Together with a larger collecting area compared to Herschel observations of dedicated solar longitudes over a full martian year would provide for the first time vertical H2O2 profiles and in a unique way constrain photochemical models. Other important species are ...
... higher sensitivity. Together with a larger collecting area compared to Herschel observations of dedicated solar longitudes over a full martian year would provide for the first time vertical H2O2 profiles and in a unique way constrain photochemical models. Other important species are ...
Lecture 3 - University of Washington
... • The measurements show that rotation curves are “flat” – they are not ap√ proching the vc(R) ∝ 1/ R behavior expected in the outer parts of disks • Therefore, there must be an invisible galaxy component that is capable of producing gravitational force • Earlier (1930’s) suggested by Fritz Zwicky, b ...
... • The measurements show that rotation curves are “flat” – they are not ap√ proching the vc(R) ∝ 1/ R behavior expected in the outer parts of disks • Therefore, there must be an invisible galaxy component that is capable of producing gravitational force • Earlier (1930’s) suggested by Fritz Zwicky, b ...
The Search for Directed Intelligence
... below. It is helpful to also think of the received flux in terms of the equivalent photometric magnitude that is commonly used in astronomy. We show this in Figure 4 as a rough indication of how "bright" the signal is. The equivalent magnitude is computed as if the signal were uniformly distributed ...
... below. It is helpful to also think of the received flux in terms of the equivalent photometric magnitude that is commonly used in astronomy. We show this in Figure 4 as a rough indication of how "bright" the signal is. The equivalent magnitude is computed as if the signal were uniformly distributed ...
Ionization in atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and extrasolar planets IV
... The inner boundary condition, at the height of the exobase (denoted as rc ) is that the number density ngas (rc ) is the number density at the exobase, nc . For a sanity check, we compare our results to the more detailed models for the Martian exosphere (Galli et al. 2006). Galli et al. (2006) provi ...
... The inner boundary condition, at the height of the exobase (denoted as rc ) is that the number density ngas (rc ) is the number density at the exobase, nc . For a sanity check, we compare our results to the more detailed models for the Martian exosphere (Galli et al. 2006). Galli et al. (2006) provi ...
Homework #3, AST 1002
... (a) When light breaks free from the event horizon in a black hole. (b) When photons no longer scattered off of electrons which had attached themselves to ions to form neutral atoms. (c) When the universe became transparent to neutrinos. The correct answer(s) is(are) ____________. 35. Which of the fo ...
... (a) When light breaks free from the event horizon in a black hole. (b) When photons no longer scattered off of electrons which had attached themselves to ions to form neutral atoms. (c) When the universe became transparent to neutrinos. The correct answer(s) is(are) ____________. 35. Which of the fo ...
Georges Lemaître, The beginning of the world from
... to the growth of the entropy. In the direction of increasing time, the universe evolves to a state of infinite entropy, i.e. of complete disorganization. In the direction of the past, the universe would have proceeded from a state of zero entropy. Eddington had wondered whether the moment of zero en ...
... to the growth of the entropy. In the direction of increasing time, the universe evolves to a state of infinite entropy, i.e. of complete disorganization. In the direction of the past, the universe would have proceeded from a state of zero entropy. Eddington had wondered whether the moment of zero en ...
The Solar System and Beyond CHAPTER 8
... The Moon is Earth’s closest neighbor in space. It is about 384,000 kilometers (240,000 miles) from Earth. This is almost 400 times closer to Earth than the Sun. Rocks on the Moon are similar to some Earth rocks. However, there are many differences between Earth and the Moon. For one, the Moon is muc ...
... The Moon is Earth’s closest neighbor in space. It is about 384,000 kilometers (240,000 miles) from Earth. This is almost 400 times closer to Earth than the Sun. Rocks on the Moon are similar to some Earth rocks. However, there are many differences between Earth and the Moon. For one, the Moon is muc ...
Abstracts - Space Telescope Science Institute
... Blair, William (Johns Hopkins University) – Poster # 9 HST/WFC3 Observations of the Grand Design Spiral M83: Star Clusters, Supernova Remnants, and More The face-on grand design spiral galaxy M83 (d=4.6 Mpc) is an actively star-forming galaxy, with spiral arms filled with giant H II regions and an i ...
... Blair, William (Johns Hopkins University) – Poster # 9 HST/WFC3 Observations of the Grand Design Spiral M83: Star Clusters, Supernova Remnants, and More The face-on grand design spiral galaxy M83 (d=4.6 Mpc) is an actively star-forming galaxy, with spiral arms filled with giant H II regions and an i ...
On the Origin of Early-Type Galaxies and the - N
... The SKID algorithm is similar to the DENMAX scheme (Gelb & Bertschinger 1994). It groups particles by moving them along the density gradient to the local density maximum. The density Ðeld and the density gradient are deÐned everywhere by smoothing each particle with a cubic spline weighting function ...
... The SKID algorithm is similar to the DENMAX scheme (Gelb & Bertschinger 1994). It groups particles by moving them along the density gradient to the local density maximum. The density Ðeld and the density gradient are deÐned everywhere by smoothing each particle with a cubic spline weighting function ...
P1 09 Red Shift - Animated Science
... Satellites fitted with various telescopes orbit the Earth. These telescopes detect different types of electromagnetic radiation. Why are telescopes that detect different types of electromagnetic waves used to observe the Universe? ...
... Satellites fitted with various telescopes orbit the Earth. These telescopes detect different types of electromagnetic radiation. Why are telescopes that detect different types of electromagnetic waves used to observe the Universe? ...
Chap 16: Galaxies
... Q: The first question of our mid-term exam tells us that the farthest star can be seen by naked eyes should be 5167 light years away. Why are we able to see Andromeda galaxy (M31) which is about 2.54 million light years away without aid when the night sky is clear? A: Surely we can’t see a star whic ...
... Q: The first question of our mid-term exam tells us that the farthest star can be seen by naked eyes should be 5167 light years away. Why are we able to see Andromeda galaxy (M31) which is about 2.54 million light years away without aid when the night sky is clear? A: Surely we can’t see a star whic ...
The Night Sky
... • The waning gibbous Moon rises late this evening and is well up by midnight. By then you can see that it forms an irregular quadrilateral, about 10° across, with bright Mars, Saturn, and fainter Antares. They're in the south-southwest by the time dawn brightens on Monday morning the 25th, as shown ...
... • The waning gibbous Moon rises late this evening and is well up by midnight. By then you can see that it forms an irregular quadrilateral, about 10° across, with bright Mars, Saturn, and fainter Antares. They're in the south-southwest by the time dawn brightens on Monday morning the 25th, as shown ...
Final Stages of Planet Formation
... could not have been accreted in the age of the solar system. A second generation of planetesimals may have formed in the disk of small bodies, either by collisional coagulation or gravitational instability. In the outer solar system, bodies of kilometer size or larger would have had their random vel ...
... could not have been accreted in the age of the solar system. A second generation of planetesimals may have formed in the disk of small bodies, either by collisional coagulation or gravitational instability. In the outer solar system, bodies of kilometer size or larger would have had their random vel ...
The Limits of Our Solar System - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... of the neutral flow give estimates of the neutral speed, density, and temperature as well as the flow direction. Hydrogen is the largest component of the interstellar medium, but it is difficult to determine the local interstellar cloud properties from H observations because a large fraction of the ...
... of the neutral flow give estimates of the neutral speed, density, and temperature as well as the flow direction. Hydrogen is the largest component of the interstellar medium, but it is difficult to determine the local interstellar cloud properties from H observations because a large fraction of the ...
Understanding the Astrophysics of Galaxy Evolution: the role of
... correlated with dark matter halo mass and so the best link to the underlying cosmological model. A survey must be large (∼ few ×105 galaxies) in order to disentangle covariances in the physical properties of galaxies. One reason it is so difficult to understand how galaxies form is because almost al ...
... correlated with dark matter halo mass and so the best link to the underlying cosmological model. A survey must be large (∼ few ×105 galaxies) in order to disentangle covariances in the physical properties of galaxies. One reason it is so difficult to understand how galaxies form is because almost al ...
arXiv:astro-ph/9510089 v1 17 Oct 95
... Among the particle dark matter candidates an important distinction is whether the particles were created thermally in the Early Universe, or whether they were created non-thermally in a phase transition. Thermal and non-thermal relics have a different relationship between their relic abundance Ω and ...
... Among the particle dark matter candidates an important distinction is whether the particles were created thermally in the Early Universe, or whether they were created non-thermally in a phase transition. Thermal and non-thermal relics have a different relationship between their relic abundance Ω and ...
Resources: - Real Science
... Using data from X-ray satellites, astronomers have caught a ________ in a giant cosmic hiccup. When it comes to _____ astrophysical effects, magnetars are hard to beat. The massive _______ of exploded stars, magnetars are the size of mountains. ___ they weigh as much as our sun. This makes ____ incr ...
... Using data from X-ray satellites, astronomers have caught a ________ in a giant cosmic hiccup. When it comes to _____ astrophysical effects, magnetars are hard to beat. The massive _______ of exploded stars, magnetars are the size of mountains. ___ they weigh as much as our sun. This makes ____ incr ...
simulation of the evolution of large scale structure elements with
... of the Universe forms the elements of the large scale structure. Another computationally intensive problem of cosmology is the simu lation of galaxy clusters, where the large density range arises naturally. Identification and classification of simulated clusters depends heavily on the ability o f t ...
... of the Universe forms the elements of the large scale structure. Another computationally intensive problem of cosmology is the simu lation of galaxy clusters, where the large density range arises naturally. Identification and classification of simulated clusters depends heavily on the ability o f t ...
Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium
... 2.1 Consider an electron-proton plasma at temperature T . Let ts (e − e) be the time scale for 90 degree scattering of one electron with kinetic energy ∼ kT by encounters with other electrons. The electron-proton mass ratio mp /me = 1836. The following time scales tx will differ from ts (e − e) by f ...
... 2.1 Consider an electron-proton plasma at temperature T . Let ts (e − e) be the time scale for 90 degree scattering of one electron with kinetic energy ∼ kT by encounters with other electrons. The electron-proton mass ratio mp /me = 1836. The following time scales tx will differ from ts (e − e) by f ...
2 Galaxy morphology and classification
... The dark halo is the dark matter component that envelopes all galaxies. It extends well beyond the visible extents of the galaxy. The ,mass density decreases with radius roughly as where measurable. The nature of the particles that comprise this component is not known, but there is strong evidence t ...
... The dark halo is the dark matter component that envelopes all galaxies. It extends well beyond the visible extents of the galaxy. The ,mass density decreases with radius roughly as where measurable. The nature of the particles that comprise this component is not known, but there is strong evidence t ...
Issue #8 - 2014 July - National Space Society
... April 18, 2014 - SpaceX's bold plan to return a rocket to Earth after a space launch on April 18th may not have gone perfectly, but founder Elon Musk still considers it a step towards future fully reusable rockets. SpaceX attmpted to guide the first stage of its Falcon 9 rocket back to Earth in an ...
... April 18, 2014 - SpaceX's bold plan to return a rocket to Earth after a space launch on April 18th may not have gone perfectly, but founder Elon Musk still considers it a step towards future fully reusable rockets. SpaceX attmpted to guide the first stage of its Falcon 9 rocket back to Earth in an ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.