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The astrobiological case for our cosmic ancestry
The astrobiological case for our cosmic ancestry

Measuring distances to the edge of the local group
Measuring distances to the edge of the local group

... Scientific Justification Be sure to include overall significance to astronomy. For standard proposals limit text to one page with figures, captions and references on no more than two additional pages. We propose to measure the distance to the nearby dwarf irregular galaxies Sextans A, B, and NGC 310 ...
complete lab manual
complete lab manual

... we also need to use mathematics. We are also aware that most of you may not be particularly fond of math. You are expected, however, to be able to apply certain aspects of high school algebra and trigonometry. This manual includes a summary of the mathematics you will need; we recommend that you rev ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
Sample pages 1 PDF

... land and sea can be detected, which suggests dynamic weather, and because timeaveraged cloud patterns are closely tied to fixed surface features, such as continents and ocean currents, the planet’s rotation period can be determined, too. Earthshine also reveals the glint of sunlight from oceans and ...
Evolution of Circumstellar Disks Around Normal Stars
Evolution of Circumstellar Disks Around Normal Stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO) Iowa State University – 2013-2014 1
Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO) Iowa State University – 2013-2014 1

... combines material on common naked-eye phenomena, such as daily and seasonal variations in the sky, with information on how these helped navigators determine where they are on Earth. The course "lectures" are on-line, interactive units with build in exercises, hands-on (offline) activities and layers ...
gerard peter kuiper - National Academy of Sciences
gerard peter kuiper - National Academy of Sciences

20. Meteorites and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
20. Meteorites and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way

... and metallicity. Moreover, there are still large uncertainties in the predicted yields due to uncertainties in the stellar evolution physics and nuclear reaction cross sections. A key concept related to stellar yields is the definition of primary and secondary species. A primary specie is one that c ...
Stellarium User Guide - Skolekonsulenterne.dk
Stellarium User Guide - Skolekonsulenterne.dk

... planetarium. It will calculate the positions of the Sun and Moon, planets and stars, and draw how the sky would look to an observer depending on their location and the time. It can also draw the constellations and simulate astronomical phenomena such as meteor showers, and solar or lunar eclipses. S ...
How Our Place in The Cosmos is Designed for
How Our Place in The Cosmos is Designed for

...  The Moon’s origin is also an important part of the story of life. At the present time, the most popular scenario for its formation posits a glancing blow to the proto-Earth by a body a few times more massive than Mars. That violent collision may have indirectly aided life. For example, it probably ...
PPT presentation
PPT presentation

... Ciardullo, Jacoby & Ford (1989b) detected 249 PNe in three Leo I early type galaxies: NGC 3377 (E6), NGC 3379 (E0) and NGC 3384 (S0). All had similar PN [O III] luminosity functions, indistinguishable from those observed in the spiral galaxies M31 and M81. The invariance with galaxy type and metall ...
Earth_Science_Standards_Review_Sheet
Earth_Science_Standards_Review_Sheet

... Be able to explain what causes the formation of the shadow zone, and how earthquake waves have been used to infer the properties and composition of the Earth layers. Be able to identify the 3 types of seismic waves on a seismogram, and understand the properties of each wave. Be able to read a seismo ...
Metal-poor Stars
Metal-poor Stars

... because no stars were known with metallicities lower than 1/1000 of the solar iron abundance. Even at [Fe/H] ∼ −3.0, only extremely few objects were known although more were predicted to exist by a simple model of chemical evolution in the Galactic halo. Bond (1981) reported on unsuccessful searches ...
The Milky Way - The Independent School
The Milky Way - The Independent School

... …etc., we find that most of the mass is “invisible”! • The nature of this “dark matter” is not understood at this time. • Some ideas: brown dwarfs, small black holes, exotic elementary particles. ...
The Milky Way as a galaxy
The Milky Way as a galaxy

... is much smaller than its distance to us. Targets for applying this method are the Hyades, a cluster of about 200 stars at a mean distance of D  45 pc, the Ursa-Major group of about 60 stars at D  24 pc, and the Pleiades with about 600 stars at D  130 pc. Historically the distance determination to ...
Astronomy Test Review
Astronomy Test Review

... ____ 39. What happens when the shadow of one celestial body falls on another celestial body? a. an umbra c. a penumbra b. an eclipse d. an ellipse ____ 40. A meteor is a meteoroid that a. travels close to Earth. b. is larger than 20 km. ...
The Project Gutenberg eBook #32000: An
The Project Gutenberg eBook #32000: An

... If one is to know the sky, and not simply know about it, a knowledge of the coördinate systems is indispensable, but they always present some difficulties when they are encountered at the beginning of the subject. It is believed that the present treatment prepares so thoroughly for their study and l ...
1 The Hubble Story (10:56)
1 The Hubble Story (10:56)

Giovanni Domenico Cassini
Giovanni Domenico Cassini

PHY216_lect3_2014_sub
PHY216_lect3_2014_sub

... – this means that targets at RA = 12hrs are transiting Each month sidereal time moves 2 hours ahead of clock (solar) time ...
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... cores, which contain together about 60 M E of silicate and ice. During that process, bodies in the disk (especially planetesimals) departed more and more from their in-plane (uninclined), nearly circular orbits in which planetesimals formed near the midplane of the disk. The cores of proto-Jupiter a ...
Nibiru and the End of Days
Nibiru and the End of Days

sections 23-25 powerpoint
sections 23-25 powerpoint

... Elliptical galaxy (E). A spheroidal galaxy containing millions to billions of old low-mass stars and no gas or dust. Spiral Galaxy (S). A galaxy with a spheroidal bulge of several million old low-mass stars and a flattened pancake-like disk of billions of old low-mass and young high-mass stars, alon ...
File - Mr. Catt`s Class
File - Mr. Catt`s Class

... 17-6 The Nature of Active Galactic Nuclei 1. According to present theory, the tremendous energy that comes from an AGN is caused by an immense black hole at the nucleus of the galaxy. The black hole is surrounded by an accretion disk heated by infalling material. 2. The leading theory on the nature ...
Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet
Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet

... 51 Eri b and the GJ 3305 binary form a hierarchical triple configuration (28), but the companion pair is far enough away that the planet is expected to be dynamically stable in its current orbit (13). Moreover, the young age of the system suggests that while long-term dynamical effects such as secul ...
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Rare Earth hypothesis



In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.
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