Great Migrations & other natural history tales
... way M_Jeans changes w.r.t. the fragment mass, Hoyle (1953) arrived at a concept of opacity-limited fragmentation. When heat gets trapped by opacity, Jeans mass ...
... way M_Jeans changes w.r.t. the fragment mass, Hoyle (1953) arrived at a concept of opacity-limited fragmentation. When heat gets trapped by opacity, Jeans mass ...
The Evolution of Low Mass Stars
... When astronomers first looked at planetary nebulae through telescopes, the colors reminded them of planets like Mars, which is how they were given their name. We now know they they are unrelated to planets, but the term is still used. ...
... When astronomers first looked at planetary nebulae through telescopes, the colors reminded them of planets like Mars, which is how they were given their name. We now know they they are unrelated to planets, but the term is still used. ...
Document
... (1A) When this happens, Mars appears to move backwards in the sky as observed on the Earth, as shown in the figure above. ...
... (1A) When this happens, Mars appears to move backwards in the sky as observed on the Earth, as shown in the figure above. ...
The Formation of Planetary Systems
... Planets Beyond the Solar System Planets orbiting within 0.1 AU of their stars are called “hot Jupiters” They are not included in the previous figure but are numerous Stars with composition like our Sun are much more likely to have planets, showing that the “dusty disk” theory is plausible Some of t ...
... Planets Beyond the Solar System Planets orbiting within 0.1 AU of their stars are called “hot Jupiters” They are not included in the previous figure but are numerous Stars with composition like our Sun are much more likely to have planets, showing that the “dusty disk” theory is plausible Some of t ...
Revolutions of Earth
... the motion of the planets. Johannes Kepler solved the problem a short time later when he determined that the planets moved around the Sun in ellipses (ovals), not circles (Figure 1.2). Kepler’s model matched observations perfectly. The heliocentric model did not catch on right away. When Galileo Gal ...
... the motion of the planets. Johannes Kepler solved the problem a short time later when he determined that the planets moved around the Sun in ellipses (ovals), not circles (Figure 1.2). Kepler’s model matched observations perfectly. The heliocentric model did not catch on right away. When Galileo Gal ...
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
... 1. The law of gravity is wrong. 2. An unknown body is exerting a gravitational pull on Uranus. B. Calculations based on the law of gravity predicted the position of an unknown body. C. The prediction was tested, resulting in the discovery of Neptune. 1-12. The SI System A. A measurement consists of ...
... 1. The law of gravity is wrong. 2. An unknown body is exerting a gravitational pull on Uranus. B. Calculations based on the law of gravity predicted the position of an unknown body. C. The prediction was tested, resulting in the discovery of Neptune. 1-12. The SI System A. A measurement consists of ...
GEOCENTRIC AND HELIOCENTRIC MODELS
... Back to Calculations… As we touched on previously, astronomers have developed convenient units of measure to accommodate and reduce large distances to manageable numbers. Interstellar (distances between the stars) are measured using the light-year (l.y.). Since light travels about 9.5 trillion km pe ...
... Back to Calculations… As we touched on previously, astronomers have developed convenient units of measure to accommodate and reduce large distances to manageable numbers. Interstellar (distances between the stars) are measured using the light-year (l.y.). Since light travels about 9.5 trillion km pe ...
Multiple choice test questions 1, Winter Semester
... 1) Earth is made mostly of metals and rocks. Where did this material come from? A) It was produced in the Big Bang. B) It was created by chemical reactions in interstellar space. C) It was produced by nuclear fusion in stars. D) It was made by our Sun. E) It was made by nuclear fission of uranium an ...
... 1) Earth is made mostly of metals and rocks. Where did this material come from? A) It was produced in the Big Bang. B) It was created by chemical reactions in interstellar space. C) It was produced by nuclear fusion in stars. D) It was made by our Sun. E) It was made by nuclear fission of uranium an ...
Perfect Little Planet
... large area but is preferable to the second activity as it allows students to compare the sizes of the planets to the space between them and better demonstrates the hugeness of space. The second activity, “Scaling the Solar System with Toilet Paper,” has the advantage of requiring less room. On its s ...
... large area but is preferable to the second activity as it allows students to compare the sizes of the planets to the space between them and better demonstrates the hugeness of space. The second activity, “Scaling the Solar System with Toilet Paper,” has the advantage of requiring less room. On its s ...
Spectral fingerprinting student project
... intelligent beings or much simpler organisms, scientists may soon be hot on its trail. In 1995, the first planet around another sun-like star was discovered by astronomers using Doppler detection—a method that scientists have used to reveal Saturn-sized (or larger) planets close to their parent suns ...
... intelligent beings or much simpler organisms, scientists may soon be hot on its trail. In 1995, the first planet around another sun-like star was discovered by astronomers using Doppler detection—a method that scientists have used to reveal Saturn-sized (or larger) planets close to their parent suns ...
Why is it so difficult to detect planets around other stars? Planet
... • Missing Earth-sized planets finally found (by Kepler satellite)!! – Most recent data suggest 1 in 5 Sun-like stars have Earth-like planets! ...
... • Missing Earth-sized planets finally found (by Kepler satellite)!! – Most recent data suggest 1 in 5 Sun-like stars have Earth-like planets! ...
Exploring the Solar System - The Federation of Galaxy Explorers
... west or west to east. Lightning, more powerful than any that has been experienced on Earth, has been noted in Jupiter's atmosphere. Also in Jupiter's atmosphere are oval features that are thought to be circular winds. The most prominent of these is the Great Red Spot, a hurricanelike storm that has ...
... west or west to east. Lightning, more powerful than any that has been experienced on Earth, has been noted in Jupiter's atmosphere. Also in Jupiter's atmosphere are oval features that are thought to be circular winds. The most prominent of these is the Great Red Spot, a hurricanelike storm that has ...
Geocentric vs. Heliocentric - Answering the Debate 2014
... Review - stars should appear to change their position with the respect to the other background stars as the Earth moved about its orbit, because of viewing them from a different perspective – Astronomers said that parallax could not be seen! NOT TRUE! Since planets and stars are so distant, the para ...
... Review - stars should appear to change their position with the respect to the other background stars as the Earth moved about its orbit, because of viewing them from a different perspective – Astronomers said that parallax could not be seen! NOT TRUE! Since planets and stars are so distant, the para ...
Trainer`s Notes
... http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Stars_%28General_Conference%29 ...
... http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Stars_%28General_Conference%29 ...
Chapter 13 - USD Home Pages
... require a temperature of 600 million K (pg 387). This is a lot hotter than the 10 million K for hydrogen fusion because the carbon nuclei are heavier and have a charge of +6, which gets squared. Oxygen, with a charge of +8, is even more difficult to fuse. The interior of a white dwarf never gets thi ...
... require a temperature of 600 million K (pg 387). This is a lot hotter than the 10 million K for hydrogen fusion because the carbon nuclei are heavier and have a charge of +6, which gets squared. Oxygen, with a charge of +8, is even more difficult to fuse. The interior of a white dwarf never gets thi ...
Homework #1 Solutions
... we get that v = 11 km/s . Note that this answer is just the escape velocity from the Earth and does not depend on the asteroid’s mass. ...
... we get that v = 11 km/s . Note that this answer is just the escape velocity from the Earth and does not depend on the asteroid’s mass. ...
File
... The stars will slowly burn out creating invisible matter and black holes that continue to travel outward. ...
... The stars will slowly burn out creating invisible matter and black holes that continue to travel outward. ...
1 Exoplanets 2 Types of Exoplanets
... The habitable zone is the region around a star in which the conditions are just right for a planet to have liquid water on its surface. Here on Earth, so far as we know, all life must have access to liquid water to survive. Therefore, a planet is considered “habitable” if it has liquid water. This z ...
... The habitable zone is the region around a star in which the conditions are just right for a planet to have liquid water on its surface. Here on Earth, so far as we know, all life must have access to liquid water to survive. Therefore, a planet is considered “habitable” if it has liquid water. This z ...
NEAR INFRARED CAMERA (NIRCAM) - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... While one of the major themes for NIRCam is “The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization,” and we are training our leaders with this theme in mind, a major part of our E/PO effort is to allow the leaders to discover the night sky by making naked-eye and telescope observations. However, ma ...
... While one of the major themes for NIRCam is “The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization,” and we are training our leaders with this theme in mind, a major part of our E/PO effort is to allow the leaders to discover the night sky by making naked-eye and telescope observations. However, ma ...
The Solar System: Cosmic encounter with Pluto
... The Voyagers successfully completed their mission making discoveries such as the active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon, Io, and learning details about Saturn's rings. They had only been made to last five years but were still both going strong, so NASA extended their mission. Voyager 2 went on to take a ...
... The Voyagers successfully completed their mission making discoveries such as the active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon, Io, and learning details about Saturn's rings. They had only been made to last five years but were still both going strong, so NASA extended their mission. Voyager 2 went on to take a ...
Lecture 21: Planet formation III. Planet
... Core formation: A solid protoplanet (“core”) grows via a succession of twobody collisions until it becomes massive enough to retain a significant gaseous atmosphere or envelope (similar to terrestrial planet formation). Hydrostatic growth: Initially the envelope surrounding the solid core is in hydr ...
... Core formation: A solid protoplanet (“core”) grows via a succession of twobody collisions until it becomes massive enough to retain a significant gaseous atmosphere or envelope (similar to terrestrial planet formation). Hydrostatic growth: Initially the envelope surrounding the solid core is in hydr ...
Quiz 2 review sheet - Rice Space Institute
... 14. Stars a bit heavier than the Sun do a similar thing but become a red supergiant. The hot white dwarf is left behind. If material then falls onto it, it can burn the hydrogen quickly as a nova. The expanding envelope of material eventually is called a planetary nebula. 15. Stars a lot heavier th ...
... 14. Stars a bit heavier than the Sun do a similar thing but become a red supergiant. The hot white dwarf is left behind. If material then falls onto it, it can burn the hydrogen quickly as a nova. The expanding envelope of material eventually is called a planetary nebula. 15. Stars a lot heavier th ...
William Paterson University Department of Physics General
... 3. LIGHT THE COSMIC MESSENGER & TOOLS OF THE ASTRONOMER The module covers the basic properties of light and matter that enables astronomers to understand so much about the universe. Other topics include: astronomical instruments; reflecting and refractor telescopes; and radio telescopes. ...
... 3. LIGHT THE COSMIC MESSENGER & TOOLS OF THE ASTRONOMER The module covers the basic properties of light and matter that enables astronomers to understand so much about the universe. Other topics include: astronomical instruments; reflecting and refractor telescopes; and radio telescopes. ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.