The Moon
... the Moon is nearly, but not precisely, on a line with the Earth and Sun. Part but less than ½ of the Moon is illuminated by direct sunlight, creating a crescent moon. Because the fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is decreasing, we consider the Moon to be “waning.” • Third Quarter - oft ...
... the Moon is nearly, but not precisely, on a line with the Earth and Sun. Part but less than ½ of the Moon is illuminated by direct sunlight, creating a crescent moon. Because the fraction of the Moon’s disk that is illuminated is decreasing, we consider the Moon to be “waning.” • Third Quarter - oft ...
Solutions to End-of-Chapter Problems (Chapter 2)
... Keep a model “Sun” on a table in the center of the lecture area; have your left fist represent Earth, and hold a ball in the other hand to represent the Moon. Then you can show how the Moon orbits your “fist” at an inclination to the ecliptic plane, explaining the meaning of the nodes. You can also ...
... Keep a model “Sun” on a table in the center of the lecture area; have your left fist represent Earth, and hold a ball in the other hand to represent the Moon. Then you can show how the Moon orbits your “fist” at an inclination to the ecliptic plane, explaining the meaning of the nodes. You can also ...
The outer solar system:
... Miranda, the innermost of the five large moons, is only 470 km in diameter. Its surface looks as though it has been broken up and reassembled. It has huge fault canyons 20 km deep, layering and terraces, and old, pockmarked surfaces and young, bright regions. This suggests ice was melted and re-fro ...
... Miranda, the innermost of the five large moons, is only 470 km in diameter. Its surface looks as though it has been broken up and reassembled. It has huge fault canyons 20 km deep, layering and terraces, and old, pockmarked surfaces and young, bright regions. This suggests ice was melted and re-fro ...
Why Aren`t All Galaxies Barred?
... Although the initial disk of stars in Fig. 3 was in equilibrium, the equilibrium is about as unstable as a pencil balanced on its point. Just as a tiny disturbance will cause the pencil to fall, so a slight clumping of stars will attract more, making the attraction stronger and so dragging in yet m ...
... Although the initial disk of stars in Fig. 3 was in equilibrium, the equilibrium is about as unstable as a pencil balanced on its point. Just as a tiny disturbance will cause the pencil to fall, so a slight clumping of stars will attract more, making the attraction stronger and so dragging in yet m ...
Structure of Neutron Stars
... However, then in 2007 at a conference the authors announced that the result was incorrect. Actually, the initial value was 2.1+/-0.2 (1 sigma error). New result: 1.26 +/- 0.14 solar [Nice et al. 2008, Proc. of the conf. “40 Years of pulsars”] 3. PSR B1516+02B in a globular cluster. M~2 solar (M>1.72 ...
... However, then in 2007 at a conference the authors announced that the result was incorrect. Actually, the initial value was 2.1+/-0.2 (1 sigma error). New result: 1.26 +/- 0.14 solar [Nice et al. 2008, Proc. of the conf. “40 Years of pulsars”] 3. PSR B1516+02B in a globular cluster. M~2 solar (M>1.72 ...
latest Edition - ExoPlanet News
... Context. Tentative correlations between the presence of dusty circumstellar debris discs and low-mass planets have been recently presented. In parallel, detailed chemical abundance studies have reported different trends between samples of planet and non-planet hosts. Whether these chemical differenc ...
... Context. Tentative correlations between the presence of dusty circumstellar debris discs and low-mass planets have been recently presented. In parallel, detailed chemical abundance studies have reported different trends between samples of planet and non-planet hosts. Whether these chemical differenc ...
solar system debris (chapter 14)
... More than 200 billion comets hibernate in the remote Oort comet cloud, shown here in cross section. It is located in the outer fringes of the solar system, at distances of about 100,000 AU from the Sun. By comparison, the distance to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is 0.27 million AU, while Nept ...
... More than 200 billion comets hibernate in the remote Oort comet cloud, shown here in cross section. It is located in the outer fringes of the solar system, at distances of about 100,000 AU from the Sun. By comparison, the distance to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is 0.27 million AU, while Nept ...
Water in the Universe
... until one particular particle with exactly zero energy emerged, absorbing an unlimited amount of energy from the vacuum, and exploded, thus creating our Universe in an event commonly referred to as the Big Bang. It is further speculated that an infinite number of Universes with very different proper ...
... until one particular particle with exactly zero energy emerged, absorbing an unlimited amount of energy from the vacuum, and exploded, thus creating our Universe in an event commonly referred to as the Big Bang. It is further speculated that an infinite number of Universes with very different proper ...
Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets
... be trapped in the solid phase in large quantities, are rapidly outgassed. The mass of the resulting atmosphere then depends on the composition of the planetesimals, and thus on their initial location as well as on the metallicity of the star. For a planet like the Earth formed at warm temperatures ( ...
... be trapped in the solid phase in large quantities, are rapidly outgassed. The mass of the resulting atmosphere then depends on the composition of the planetesimals, and thus on their initial location as well as on the metallicity of the star. For a planet like the Earth formed at warm temperatures ( ...
The potential meteoroid streams crossing the orbits of terrestrial
... streams, the daytime Arietids and Geminids could produce significant numbers of meteors at Mars but have not produced (so far) meteor storms that could present significant dangers to spacecraft. In 2001, Larson published a simple geometric method for determining the closest proximity between the orb ...
... streams, the daytime Arietids and Geminids could produce significant numbers of meteors at Mars but have not produced (so far) meteor storms that could present significant dangers to spacecraft. In 2001, Larson published a simple geometric method for determining the closest proximity between the orb ...
Investigate Planets, Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
... 5. Stars, planets, and many other objects are made out of matter. Even the chemicals in the human body are composed of a few chemical elements. These elements are the same ones found in stars and planets because all the elements other than hydrogen in our bodies were created within stars, before Ear ...
... 5. Stars, planets, and many other objects are made out of matter. Even the chemicals in the human body are composed of a few chemical elements. These elements are the same ones found in stars and planets because all the elements other than hydrogen in our bodies were created within stars, before Ear ...
Nemesis - The Evergreen State College
... and proofs of the extinction record, It is the opinion of this researcher that most, if not all, of the mass extinctions over the past 250-million years have been caused by comet and/or asteroid impacts. However, the theory of a brown dwarf is unlikely, my thesis incorrect. My mass calculations show ...
... and proofs of the extinction record, It is the opinion of this researcher that most, if not all, of the mass extinctions over the past 250-million years have been caused by comet and/or asteroid impacts. However, the theory of a brown dwarf is unlikely, my thesis incorrect. My mass calculations show ...
PE-00-intro-course outline
... forever combine to shape space exploration efforts and our resulting understanding of the cosmos. Currently known physical laws can describe, explain and predict the behavior of all energy and of all matter in the universe except for that which is (or was) both very massive and very small. The v ...
... forever combine to shape space exploration efforts and our resulting understanding of the cosmos. Currently known physical laws can describe, explain and predict the behavior of all energy and of all matter in the universe except for that which is (or was) both very massive and very small. The v ...
question - UW Canvas
... elements without any of these stages resulting in degeneracy or any flashes like the helium flash that occurs in solar-type stars? a. The cores of massive stars are so hot, have such high densities and pressures, that these stars fuse all elements simultaneously; that is, all at the same time. b.The ...
... elements without any of these stages resulting in degeneracy or any flashes like the helium flash that occurs in solar-type stars? a. The cores of massive stars are so hot, have such high densities and pressures, that these stars fuse all elements simultaneously; that is, all at the same time. b.The ...
Part A
... • Most stars exist in star systems bound by gravity. • Many stars exist in large groupings called clusters. • Stars in a cluster all formed at about the same time and are the same distance from Earth. ...
... • Most stars exist in star systems bound by gravity. • Many stars exist in large groupings called clusters. • Stars in a cluster all formed at about the same time and are the same distance from Earth. ...
Chapter 11
... No direct information is available about Jupiter’s interior, but its main components, hydrogen and helium, are quite well understood. The central portion is a rocky core. ...
... No direct information is available about Jupiter’s interior, but its main components, hydrogen and helium, are quite well understood. The central portion is a rocky core. ...
Jupiter`s Secrets Revealed
... comets and asteroids crashed into the moon. Like Europa, Callisto may have an ocean of salty water under its surface. ...
... comets and asteroids crashed into the moon. Like Europa, Callisto may have an ocean of salty water under its surface. ...
Mass extinctions and supernova explosions
... highly intensive gamma ray bursts (GRBs), which could be connected to SNe, initiated further discussions on possible life-threatening events in Earth’s history. The probability that GRBs hit the Earth is very low. Nevertheless, a past interaction of Earth with GRBs and/or SNe cannot be excluded and ...
... highly intensive gamma ray bursts (GRBs), which could be connected to SNe, initiated further discussions on possible life-threatening events in Earth’s history. The probability that GRBs hit the Earth is very low. Nevertheless, a past interaction of Earth with GRBs and/or SNe cannot be excluded and ...
Educator`s Guide to the Cullman Hall of the Universe, Heilbrunn
... galaxies are colliding: smaller galaxies and surrounding gas merged to form the Milky Way, which is now on a collision course with the Andromeda Galaxy. All stars (including our Sun) are born, shine until they run out of fuel, and die. The most massive stars explode in supernovas, while all the rest ...
... galaxies are colliding: smaller galaxies and surrounding gas merged to form the Milky Way, which is now on a collision course with the Andromeda Galaxy. All stars (including our Sun) are born, shine until they run out of fuel, and die. The most massive stars explode in supernovas, while all the rest ...
Accretion mechanisms
... 1. core collapse of a massive star to BH followed by accretion of significant stellar mass — long burst 2. dynamical—timescale disruption of a star by NS or BH ...
... 1. core collapse of a massive star to BH followed by accretion of significant stellar mass — long burst 2. dynamical—timescale disruption of a star by NS or BH ...
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.