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Stars
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Latitudes and Longitudes
Latitudes and Longitudes

... In order to resolve some of the difficulties of navigation, Pedro Nunes invented several astronomical instruments, such as the universal ringdial, the solar compass and the nonius, nowadays called vernier. The first two calculate the height of the Sun in the sky and the third, when fitted to a quadr ...
2017 March Celestial Timings
2017 March Celestial Timings

5th
5th

... 2.2 First phase of the SkyWatch 2006 contest During 1st phase, the participants proposed ideas on designing lesson plans based on the use of Astronomical archives as well as the D-Space network of robotic telescopes, which afterwards (during the 2nd phase) would be developed and implemented them in ...
Extreme Optics and the Search for Earth-Like Planets
Extreme Optics and the Search for Earth-Like Planets

... • Are there Earth-like planets? • Are they common? • Is there life on some of them? ...
My Favorite Universe
My Favorite Universe

... 1995. Although they do not follow a particular curriculum, they nonetheless represent the professor’s favorite cosmic subjects. And, not surprisingly, they represent topics for which the general public harbors a sustained and insatiable interest. The dozen lectures are thematically arranged in four ...
Tutorial on Earth/Sun Relations and Seasons
Tutorial on Earth/Sun Relations and Seasons

... not rise or set here on the solstice, but just circles around above the horizon). On the other end of the globe, the circle of illumination never reaches the south pole, and in fact it doesn't get to within 23 ½ degrees of the south pole. So every place more than 66 ½ degrees south of the equator mi ...
[21.01] The Kuiper Belt Survey of the GEST Mission
[21.01] The Kuiper Belt Survey of the GEST Mission

... slowly, leading to a ring of mid-sized objects whose collisional growth timescales may rival the main sequence lifetime of the central star. Our own solar system provides the clearest example. The primordial accretion disk inside about 30 AU has been completely dissipated by planet formation and the ...
Relativistic stellar aberration for the Space Interferometry Mission
Relativistic stellar aberration for the Space Interferometry Mission

... observations requires relativistic description of light propagation as well as the relativistically correct treatment of the dynamics of the extended celestial bodies. As a result, some of the leading static-field post-Newtonian perturbations in the dynamics of the planets, the Moon and artificial s ...
Chapter 25 Earth, Sun, and Seasons
Chapter 25 Earth, Sun, and Seasons

... The study of objects beyond Earth and its atmosphere is ...
V. - Humboldt Digital Library
V. - Humboldt Digital Library

... and theory of the universe. How, by means of existing things, a small part of their genetic history is laid open. Different phases of the theory of the universe, attempts to comprehend the order of nature. Most ancient fundamental conception of the Hellenic mind: physiologic phantasies of the Ionian ...
Evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections for different solar
Evolution of interplanetary coronal mass ejections for different solar

... SW-cloud or cloud-cloud interactions [e.g. Dasso et al., JGR’09] •Anisotropy in MC expansion rates is expected (axial and radial expansion are due to very different physical mechanisms) ...
Laws of planets motion
Laws of planets motion

... In 1562 he set off to go to the University of Leipzig. Astronomy was not officially part of his studies, these were classical languages and culture, but he had bought his astronomy books with him together with Dürer's constellation maps. He began making observations and by August 1563. Had an argume ...
EarthComm_c1s9
EarthComm_c1s9

... oxygen. In a lower mass star, such as the Sun, fusion reactions stop at this point. The core then collapses under the force of gravity. A planetary nebula forms. All that remains is a shrunken star, made mostly of carbon and oxygen, surrounded by a shell of gas. Eventually, after many thousands of y ...
Picture: Alnitak is the left-hand star in Orion`s Belt. Image: NASA
Picture: Alnitak is the left-hand star in Orion`s Belt. Image: NASA

... carbon/oxygen ratios that are typically four to five times higher than those of normal red giants and show little trace of the light metal oxide bands that are the usual red giant hallmark. They resemble S stars in their relative proportion of heavy and light metals, but contain far more carbon in t ...
Worked Problem In a spherical galaxy, the density of matter varies
Worked Problem In a spherical galaxy, the density of matter varies

... result. The ratio of the two periods Tθ /Tr is in general not a rational number, and so the typical orbit of a star in a spherically symmetric potential will be a rosette bound between two concentric circles of radius r1 and r2 , where the star passes through every point between the two circles, giv ...
Jovian Planet Systems
Jovian Planet Systems

... because the particles are too small to have survived for so long. • There must be a continuous replacement of tiny particles. • The most likely source is impacts with jovian moons. © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System

... The recent discovery of 2012 VP113, a Sedna-like body and a potential additional member of the inner Oort cloud, prompted Trujillo & Sheppard (2014) to note that a set of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) in the distant solar system exhibits unexplained clustering in orbital elements. Specifically, objects ...
The Galactic evolution of phosphorus
The Galactic evolution of phosphorus

... log (EW/λ) ≤ −5.5, and a Gaussian profile is a good approximation for the line profile fitting. The P i line at 1051 nm is, for several stars, contaminated by telluric absorption (see upperleft panel of Fig. 1). When possible, we measured the EW of the P i line taking into account the presence of th ...
COORDINATES, TIME, AND THE SKY John Thorstensen
COORDINATES, TIME, AND THE SKY John Thorstensen

... equal to your latitude. Note that altitude is measured along a great-circle arc which passes through the object and the zenith. The existence of a pole implies the existence of a celestial equator, which is the set of all directions 90 degrees from (either) pole. If you stand on the north or south p ...
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System

... The recent discovery of 2012 VP113, a Sedna-like body and a potential additional member of the inner Oort cloud, prompted Trujillo & Sheppard (2014) to note that a set of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) in the distant solar system exhibits unexplained clustering in orbital elements. Specifically, objects ...
WORD - Louis Moinet
WORD - Louis Moinet

... “STARDANCE” is a ladies’ watch inspired by the interstellar world. Its mother-of-pearl dial presents the two universes of the day and night. The night is evoked by the splendid moon phase, in which the moon is adorned with a fine slice of Enstatite EH3 meteorite, containing interstellar diamonds. Th ...
Physical Setting/Earth Science
Physical Setting/Earth Science

... approximate rates of rotation and revolution? (1) Earth’s rotation rate is 15°/hour and its revolution rate is 1°/day. (2) Earth’s rotation rate is 1°/hour and its revolution rate is 15°/day. (3) Earth’s rotation rate is 24°/hour and its revolution rate is 360°/day. (4) Earth’s rotation rate is 360° ...
Lecture 4
Lecture 4

Powerpoint - Physics and Astronomy
Powerpoint - Physics and Astronomy

... © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
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Formation and evolution of the Solar System



The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.
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