Specification Topic 1 – Earth, Moon and Sun 1.1 Planet Earth
... 1.1o describe where infrared, ultra-violet and X-ray observatories are sited and explain the reasons why 1.1p describe the nature and discovery of the Van Allen Belts ...
... 1.1o describe where infrared, ultra-violet and X-ray observatories are sited and explain the reasons why 1.1p describe the nature and discovery of the Van Allen Belts ...
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... There will come a time when fusion has consumed all the hydrogen in the core region of the Sun. At this point, the Sun will leave the Main Sequence as the outward pressure from the core decreases and gravitational collapse causes the Sun to contract. As the Sun contracts, the temperature at the core ...
... There will come a time when fusion has consumed all the hydrogen in the core region of the Sun. At this point, the Sun will leave the Main Sequence as the outward pressure from the core decreases and gravitational collapse causes the Sun to contract. As the Sun contracts, the temperature at the core ...
Extrasolar Planets: An Amateur`s Search
... Only two factors, the formation rate of suitable stars for planets, Rp, and the fraction of those stars actually with planets due to planet forming factors, fp, dictate the fraction of stars with extrasolar planets forming. Np in this case is the total number of extrasolar planets in the galaxy that ...
... Only two factors, the formation rate of suitable stars for planets, Rp, and the fraction of those stars actually with planets due to planet forming factors, fp, dictate the fraction of stars with extrasolar planets forming. Np in this case is the total number of extrasolar planets in the galaxy that ...
Strange Lights in the Sky - Beck-Shop
... with a fuzzy, starlike head and a long tail skirting upward and to the left. This was my first look at Comet West, the first look of many. To someone who lived his whole life to that point on a “2-D planet,” like most of us beset by issues of daily life, this was a dose of sudden magic. Who knew that ...
... with a fuzzy, starlike head and a long tail skirting upward and to the left. This was my first look at Comet West, the first look of many. To someone who lived his whole life to that point on a “2-D planet,” like most of us beset by issues of daily life, this was a dose of sudden magic. Who knew that ...
Interpreting the Densities of the Kuiper Belt`s Dwarf Planets
... planets fall into two categories when analysed by their mean densities and satellite-toprimary size ratio. Systems with large moons, such as Pluto/Charon and Orcus/Vanth, can form in low-velocity grazing collisions in which both bodies retain their compositions. We propose that these systems retain ...
... planets fall into two categories when analysed by their mean densities and satellite-toprimary size ratio. Systems with large moons, such as Pluto/Charon and Orcus/Vanth, can form in low-velocity grazing collisions in which both bodies retain their compositions. We propose that these systems retain ...
Information extracted from Britannica 97
... temperature in Saturn's atmosphere from pressures of one-millionth bar to 1.3 bar. At pressures below 1 millibar the atmosphere is roughly isothermal at about 140-150 K. A stratosphere, where temperatures steadily decline with increasing pressure, extends from 1 to 60 millibars, where the coldest te ...
... temperature in Saturn's atmosphere from pressures of one-millionth bar to 1.3 bar. At pressures below 1 millibar the atmosphere is roughly isothermal at about 140-150 K. A stratosphere, where temperatures steadily decline with increasing pressure, extends from 1 to 60 millibars, where the coldest te ...
Chapter 16 - Astronomy
... nucleus, it wasn’t until the development of IR/radio and X-ray/gamma-ray astronomy that we could “look” at the Galactic nucleus. 3. The observed number density of stars increases as we get closer to the Galactic center, down to about 2 pc from the center. For distances closer than 2 pc, observations ...
... nucleus, it wasn’t until the development of IR/radio and X-ray/gamma-ray astronomy that we could “look” at the Galactic nucleus. 3. The observed number density of stars increases as we get closer to the Galactic center, down to about 2 pc from the center. For distances closer than 2 pc, observations ...
November, 2015 - The Baton Rouge Astronomical Society
... “With many observations, theorists have less freedom to speculate how planets form,” explains Brad M. S. Hansen, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Any theoretical or computational models have to explain what we actually find.” One big early s ...
... “With many observations, theorists have less freedom to speculate how planets form,” explains Brad M. S. Hansen, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Any theoretical or computational models have to explain what we actually find.” One big early s ...
the Colours of rainbow the Brook
... through woods and valleys. The brook narrates the story of its musical journey along these places. Imagery of sight and sound are blended in the poem by employing exquisite words and expressions. Summary:“The brook” has been written by “Alfred Tennyson”. The poem traces the life of a brook or small ...
... through woods and valleys. The brook narrates the story of its musical journey along these places. Imagery of sight and sound are blended in the poem by employing exquisite words and expressions. Summary:“The brook” has been written by “Alfred Tennyson”. The poem traces the life of a brook or small ...
Atmospheric Abundances of Light Elements in the F
... and microturbulent velocity £t were the same as those blanketed ATLAS9 model atmospheres (Kurucz 1993) used in Kato and Sadakane (1982), while the effective were used, which were computed by adopting the contemperature Teff was lower by 150 K. In table 1, we vection of mixing length l/H = 1.25 (H re ...
... and microturbulent velocity £t were the same as those blanketed ATLAS9 model atmospheres (Kurucz 1993) used in Kato and Sadakane (1982), while the effective were used, which were computed by adopting the contemperature Teff was lower by 150 K. In table 1, we vection of mixing length l/H = 1.25 (H re ...
Today The Sun Events
... could not explain how the Sun could sustain its luminosity for more than about 25 million years. – The Sun shines because gravitational equilibrium keeps its core hot and dense enough to release energy through nuclear fusion. • Hydrogen fuses into Helium in a 3-step process called the proton-proton ...
... could not explain how the Sun could sustain its luminosity for more than about 25 million years. – The Sun shines because gravitational equilibrium keeps its core hot and dense enough to release energy through nuclear fusion. • Hydrogen fuses into Helium in a 3-step process called the proton-proton ...
The Sun and Stars 4.1 Energy formation and layers of the Sun 4.2
... Prominences and Solar Flares. It is important for us to follow the Sunspot cycle to know when there is going to be an increase in Sunspots, because they cause Solar Flares and Prominences. Although the Earth’s magnetic field can deflect or pull in much of the energy that is carried in a solar flare, ...
... Prominences and Solar Flares. It is important for us to follow the Sunspot cycle to know when there is going to be an increase in Sunspots, because they cause Solar Flares and Prominences. Although the Earth’s magnetic field can deflect or pull in much of the energy that is carried in a solar flare, ...
Renaissance Astronomy
... The ellipse is a geometrical shape every point of which is the same total distance from two fixed points (the foci, one is called focus). Eccentricity is the distance between the foci divided by the longest distance across (major axis). Astronomers refer to the semi-major axis distance and ecc ...
... The ellipse is a geometrical shape every point of which is the same total distance from two fixed points (the foci, one is called focus). Eccentricity is the distance between the foci divided by the longest distance across (major axis). Astronomers refer to the semi-major axis distance and ecc ...
An Eclectic View of our Milky Way Galaxy
... galaxies relative to the Sun or LSR [22], and by searching for a gap in the distribution of solar motions for high-velocity stars that is expected to be the signature of “zero-velocity” or plunging disk stars [37]. The latter method was used by Carlberg & Innanen to derive a solar motion of 250 ± 15 ...
... galaxies relative to the Sun or LSR [22], and by searching for a gap in the distribution of solar motions for high-velocity stars that is expected to be the signature of “zero-velocity” or plunging disk stars [37]. The latter method was used by Carlberg & Innanen to derive a solar motion of 250 ± 15 ...
Information extracted from Britannica 97
... Prior to the Voyager 2 encounter in August 1989, Neptune's only known satellites were Triton and Nereid. Triton is the lone large moon in the solar system to travel backward (in a direction opposite to the planet's rotation) around its primary. Among the largest satellites in the solar system, incli ...
... Prior to the Voyager 2 encounter in August 1989, Neptune's only known satellites were Triton and Nereid. Triton is the lone large moon in the solar system to travel backward (in a direction opposite to the planet's rotation) around its primary. Among the largest satellites in the solar system, incli ...
How we think the planets were born
... some unlike it… For the atoms out of which a world might arise, or by which a world might be formed, have not all been expended on one world or a finite number of worlds, whether like or unlike this one. Hence there will be nothing to hinder an infinity of worlds." - Epicurus of Samos (342-270 BC) “ ...
... some unlike it… For the atoms out of which a world might arise, or by which a world might be formed, have not all been expended on one world or a finite number of worlds, whether like or unlike this one. Hence there will be nothing to hinder an infinity of worlds." - Epicurus of Samos (342-270 BC) “ ...
Chapter 4 Galactic Chemical Evolution
... in nucleosynthesis. Type II supernovae are produced by massive stars (M & 8M ). They eject enriched material into the interstellar medium ∼ 107 yr after formation. This material is rich in C, N and O. In contrast, type Ia supernovae are probably caused by explosive fusion reactions in binary system ...
... in nucleosynthesis. Type II supernovae are produced by massive stars (M & 8M ). They eject enriched material into the interstellar medium ∼ 107 yr after formation. This material is rich in C, N and O. In contrast, type Ia supernovae are probably caused by explosive fusion reactions in binary system ...
Exoplanets - Polarisation.eu
... Exoplanets or ‘extrasolar planets’ are planets that orbit other stars than the Sun. Here is a beautiful artist’s impression of an exoplanet in orbit around 2 red dwarf stars. For centuries, people have looked up in the sky and wondered whether there were other worlds like the Earth. The other planet ...
... Exoplanets or ‘extrasolar planets’ are planets that orbit other stars than the Sun. Here is a beautiful artist’s impression of an exoplanet in orbit around 2 red dwarf stars. For centuries, people have looked up in the sky and wondered whether there were other worlds like the Earth. The other planet ...
Asteroseismic constraints on Asymmetric Dark Matter: Light particles
... eigenfrequency, the different ratios used could in principle be correlated. However, by generating samples of the ratios through the sampling of the observed normally distributed eigenfrequencies, we found that in general the correlation is very small, bellow 0.01. Besides r02 , [49] proposed two ot ...
... eigenfrequency, the different ratios used could in principle be correlated. However, by generating samples of the ratios through the sampling of the observed normally distributed eigenfrequencies, we found that in general the correlation is very small, bellow 0.01. Besides r02 , [49] proposed two ot ...
Dark Matter— More Than Meets The Eye
... distances from the sun. We also learned that the sun’s gravitational attraction for planets is greater for those close to it than for those who are farther away. So, in our solar system, the inner planets move more rapidly in orbit than do those farther out. Mercury, whose solar distance is 0.39 of ...
... distances from the sun. We also learned that the sun’s gravitational attraction for planets is greater for those close to it than for those who are farther away. So, in our solar system, the inner planets move more rapidly in orbit than do those farther out. Mercury, whose solar distance is 0.39 of ...
UK Exoplanet community meeting 2017
... perspective of exo-planetary systems, whilst at the same time deepening our knowledge of Earth’s formation. Profound questions still remain as to the origin of Earth’s atmosphere, continents, and habitable climate, questions which are ultimately stymied by having only one natural laboratory in which ...
... perspective of exo-planetary systems, whilst at the same time deepening our knowledge of Earth’s formation. Profound questions still remain as to the origin of Earth’s atmosphere, continents, and habitable climate, questions which are ultimately stymied by having only one natural laboratory in which ...
Galaxy / Cluster Ecosystem Ming Sun (University of Alabama in Huntsville)
... mini cool cores are long-lived. Possible heat sources include weak AGN outbursts and SN (with caveats). Radio AGN in clusters and groups that do not reside in large cool cores are generally associated with small coronae. Strong radio AGN in groups do not co-exist with strong, large cool cores. They ...
... mini cool cores are long-lived. Possible heat sources include weak AGN outbursts and SN (with caveats). Radio AGN in clusters and groups that do not reside in large cool cores are generally associated with small coronae. Strong radio AGN in groups do not co-exist with strong, large cool cores. They ...
From The Sun To Beyond Pluto
... - home tell a friend about from the sun to beyond pluto tell a friend value entered for e mail is invalid please fill up missing fields below required fields, how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos - how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos change theme ngc 1097 spitzer helix spitzer flame nebul ...
... - home tell a friend about from the sun to beyond pluto tell a friend value entered for e mail is invalid please fill up missing fields below required fields, how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos - how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos change theme ngc 1097 spitzer helix spitzer flame nebul ...
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.