Short-circuiting long-lived humoral immunity by the heightened
... trast, Tg B cells from immune recipients treated with αCD40 lacked all three markers of GC phenotype, yet expanded similar to mice challenged with antigen alone. Tg B cells isolated from lymph nodes (LNs) of immune recipients expanded, and, as observed in the spleen, treatment with αCD40 prevented t ...
... trast, Tg B cells from immune recipients treated with αCD40 lacked all three markers of GC phenotype, yet expanded similar to mice challenged with antigen alone. Tg B cells isolated from lymph nodes (LNs) of immune recipients expanded, and, as observed in the spleen, treatment with αCD40 prevented t ...
VI. In the humoral response, B cells defend against pathogens in
... The immune system is the body's third line of defense and is very specific in its response. • Distinguished from nonspecific defenses by: specificity, diversity, self/nonself recognition, and memory. Specificity refers to this system's ability to recognize and eliminate particular microorganisms and ...
... The immune system is the body's third line of defense and is very specific in its response. • Distinguished from nonspecific defenses by: specificity, diversity, self/nonself recognition, and memory. Specificity refers to this system's ability to recognize and eliminate particular microorganisms and ...
Controlling Cytomegalovirus: Helping the Immune System Take the
... effectively altering the affinity of TAP for ATP. Overall, at least four US genes are involved in down regulation expression of MHC Class I: US2, US3, US6, and US11 [64,76]. Dendritic cells play an important role in the primary immune response to CMV as they orchestrate the priming of naïve T cells ...
... effectively altering the affinity of TAP for ATP. Overall, at least four US genes are involved in down regulation expression of MHC Class I: US2, US3, US6, and US11 [64,76]. Dendritic cells play an important role in the primary immune response to CMV as they orchestrate the priming of naïve T cells ...
... reflect qualitative or quantitative differences in the components constituting the signalling pathway. GM-CSF may play an important role in inflammatory airway diseases [5]. In addition, GM-CSF may be involved in the inflammatory changes in human airways following ozone exposure [33]. A role for GM- ...
Follicular lymphoma and the immune system: from
... anti-IgM. In terms of potential lectin-bearing cells in the GC, we demonstrated that monocyte-derived dendritic cells could bind to mannosylated FL Ig via DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3– grabbing nonintegrin), CD209.31 Thus, a hypothetical bridge could be constructed between a lectin-expres ...
... anti-IgM. In terms of potential lectin-bearing cells in the GC, we demonstrated that monocyte-derived dendritic cells could bind to mannosylated FL Ig via DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3– grabbing nonintegrin), CD209.31 Thus, a hypothetical bridge could be constructed between a lectin-expres ...
Histology and histochemical enzyme‐staining patterns of major
... The mammalian cells reactive for the AcP, NBE and BG marker enzymes are listed in Table I. The enzymes were stained with a Lymphocyte Enzyme Kit (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, U.S.A.) after the following modification of the staining procedure. The reagents were warmed to 30 C and mixed sequenti ...
... The mammalian cells reactive for the AcP, NBE and BG marker enzymes are listed in Table I. The enzymes were stained with a Lymphocyte Enzyme Kit (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, U.S.A.) after the following modification of the staining procedure. The reagents were warmed to 30 C and mixed sequenti ...
Dectin 1
... 3. SYK- and RAF1-pathways fine-tune NF-kB-induced cytokine responses: p65-P subunits form dimers that cannot bind to DNA. This leads to reduced production of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-23 – major cytokines for Th differentiation. 4. Dectin 1 also induces CCL17 and CCL22 production (CC-chemokine ligand) whi ...
... 3. SYK- and RAF1-pathways fine-tune NF-kB-induced cytokine responses: p65-P subunits form dimers that cannot bind to DNA. This leads to reduced production of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-23 – major cytokines for Th differentiation. 4. Dectin 1 also induces CCL17 and CCL22 production (CC-chemokine ligand) whi ...
Poster
... Introduction: By the age of 3, nearly 90% of the world’s population is infected with Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) which remains largely quiescent for the rest of the individual’s life. HHV-7 is able to avoid detection by T-lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells in the human immune system by produc ...
... Introduction: By the age of 3, nearly 90% of the world’s population is infected with Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) which remains largely quiescent for the rest of the individual’s life. HHV-7 is able to avoid detection by T-lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells in the human immune system by produc ...
Systemically dispersed innate IL-13–expressing cells in type 2
... (Fig. 1A). These cells were small, side-scatter low cells resembling lymphocytes and were negative for surface markers that characterize T and NKT cells (including CD3, CD4, and CD8), eosinophils (Siglec-F and CD11b), basophils (CD49b, IgE, and CD131), and mast cells (IgE) (Fig. 1A). Further examina ...
... (Fig. 1A). These cells were small, side-scatter low cells resembling lymphocytes and were negative for surface markers that characterize T and NKT cells (including CD3, CD4, and CD8), eosinophils (Siglec-F and CD11b), basophils (CD49b, IgE, and CD131), and mast cells (IgE) (Fig. 1A). Further examina ...
Bacterial Heat Shock Proteins
... widely distributed in nature, and are highly homologous among different species, the extent of their immunogenicity is different suggesting that the immunological properties of Hsps are dependent on their sequence and structure. Role as Antigens: The vertebrate immune system encounters an enormous v ...
... widely distributed in nature, and are highly homologous among different species, the extent of their immunogenicity is different suggesting that the immunological properties of Hsps are dependent on their sequence and structure. Role as Antigens: The vertebrate immune system encounters an enormous v ...
Mucosal Dendritic Cells and Immunodeficiency Viruses
... DCs, potent antigen-presenting white blood cells, efficiently promote the replication of HIV-1 in vitro in collaboration with CD41 T cells [1–6]. DCs are found throughout the body, including in the blood, lymphoid tissues, and body surfaces (skin and mucosae) [7]. DCs interact efficiently with both ...
... DCs, potent antigen-presenting white blood cells, efficiently promote the replication of HIV-1 in vitro in collaboration with CD41 T cells [1–6]. DCs are found throughout the body, including in the blood, lymphoid tissues, and body surfaces (skin and mucosae) [7]. DCs interact efficiently with both ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... Cells bearing surface antigens that are recognized by effector T cells are subject to direct cell killing by the T cells (cytotoxic or killer cells). Direct toxicity occurs in immunologic response to antigens on the surface of neoplastic cells, transplanted tissues, and virus-infected cells. Cytotox ...
... Cells bearing surface antigens that are recognized by effector T cells are subject to direct cell killing by the T cells (cytotoxic or killer cells). Direct toxicity occurs in immunologic response to antigens on the surface of neoplastic cells, transplanted tissues, and virus-infected cells. Cytotox ...
Bone marrow cytology
... count gives the percentage of various cell types which when compared to the estimate of total cellularity is used to predict hyperplasia or hypoplasia of a cell line. The M:E ratio is the percentage of myeloid cells divided by the percentage of erythroid cells. The M:E ratio is usually slightly over ...
... count gives the percentage of various cell types which when compared to the estimate of total cellularity is used to predict hyperplasia or hypoplasia of a cell line. The M:E ratio is the percentage of myeloid cells divided by the percentage of erythroid cells. The M:E ratio is usually slightly over ...
Chapter 1 - University of Amsterdam
... alloantigen recognition, respectively (Ali et al., 2013). Concomitantly, various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on APCs can recognize DAMPs during reperfusion resulting in APC activation and migration to lymph nodes. Presentation of donor antigen by HLA class I and II on APCs to the T cell rec ...
... alloantigen recognition, respectively (Ali et al., 2013). Concomitantly, various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on APCs can recognize DAMPs during reperfusion resulting in APC activation and migration to lymph nodes. Presentation of donor antigen by HLA class I and II on APCs to the T cell rec ...
HTLV-1 and the Host Immune System : How the Virus Disrupts
... role in HTLV-1 related pathogenesis. At the present time, it is controversial how HTLV-1 specifically induces the clonal expansion of CD4 T cells, but this CD4 specific function of HTLV-1 must be an important clue to the pathogenesis of ATL and HTLV-1 related chronic inflammatory diseases. HTLV-1 an ...
... role in HTLV-1 related pathogenesis. At the present time, it is controversial how HTLV-1 specifically induces the clonal expansion of CD4 T cells, but this CD4 specific function of HTLV-1 must be an important clue to the pathogenesis of ATL and HTLV-1 related chronic inflammatory diseases. HTLV-1 an ...
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript synapses and kinapses
... signaling. These “contractile oscillations” are observed in insect cells, mouse fibroblasts and in the immunological synapse [30] (Figure 1B). The lower actin layer corresponds to the lamella where as the upper layer combined with this lower layer defines the lamellapodium (Figure 1B). The lemellar ...
... signaling. These “contractile oscillations” are observed in insect cells, mouse fibroblasts and in the immunological synapse [30] (Figure 1B). The lower actin layer corresponds to the lamella where as the upper layer combined with this lower layer defines the lamellapodium (Figure 1B). The lemellar ...
CTLA-4
... Treg deficit associates with autoimmune disease development Failure to control islet-specific conventional T-cells results in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) Risk of DM1 increases with the loss of FOXP3-expressing Tregs Treg adoptive transfer to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice can prevent the dev ...
... Treg deficit associates with autoimmune disease development Failure to control islet-specific conventional T-cells results in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) Risk of DM1 increases with the loss of FOXP3-expressing Tregs Treg adoptive transfer to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice can prevent the dev ...
PDF
... the description of three classes of markers: those specific for particular stages of oogenesis; those specific for particular cell types and, lastly, those specific for particular specialized structures. The monoclonal antibodies used in this study were initially identified on the ...
... the description of three classes of markers: those specific for particular stages of oogenesis; those specific for particular cell types and, lastly, those specific for particular specialized structures. The monoclonal antibodies used in this study were initially identified on the ...
CD1a and MHC Class I Follow a Similar Endocytic
... compartments and, specifically, late endosomes/lysosomes for antigen acquisition. The CT of CD1 proteins has been shown to be critical for CD1 intracellular localization and its antigen-presenting function. The CTs of human CD1b, CD1c and CD1d, and also murine CD1d, all possess a tyrosine-based moti ...
... compartments and, specifically, late endosomes/lysosomes for antigen acquisition. The CT of CD1 proteins has been shown to be critical for CD1 intracellular localization and its antigen-presenting function. The CTs of human CD1b, CD1c and CD1d, and also murine CD1d, all possess a tyrosine-based moti ...
Elaborate interactions between the immune and nervous systems
... brain lesions of multiple sclerosis41. Modulation of immunity with behavioral stimuli Stimuli such as overeating, sleep and stress, and even operant conditioning in which a positive or negative stimulus is paired with a particular behavioral outcome, can influence the immune response. The well known ...
... brain lesions of multiple sclerosis41. Modulation of immunity with behavioral stimuli Stimuli such as overeating, sleep and stress, and even operant conditioning in which a positive or negative stimulus is paired with a particular behavioral outcome, can influence the immune response. The well known ...
Immunogerontology Ed`s update
... causes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and pernicious anemia may be more common in older folks, but remember that type I diabetes, Goodpasture’s, Graves’, and a host of others tend to affect younger folks instead. The widely-repeated claim that the elderly do not respond well to tetanus toxoid seems to be b ...
... causes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and pernicious anemia may be more common in older folks, but remember that type I diabetes, Goodpasture’s, Graves’, and a host of others tend to affect younger folks instead. The widely-repeated claim that the elderly do not respond well to tetanus toxoid seems to be b ...
Lymphatic System and Immunity
... 1. Cytotoxic T Cells – Destroy antigens directly and indirectly 2. Helper T- Cells – coordinate both specific and non- specific attacks ...
... 1. Cytotoxic T Cells – Destroy antigens directly and indirectly 2. Helper T- Cells – coordinate both specific and non- specific attacks ...
lymphocyte homing migration recirculation
... 3. HEV – high endothelial venules – special entry sites of blood circulating lymphocytes to peripheral lymphoid organs 4. 1 lymph node circle/hour, 25 billion lymphocytes (25x109)/lymph nodes/day ...
... 3. HEV – high endothelial venules – special entry sites of blood circulating lymphocytes to peripheral lymphoid organs 4. 1 lymph node circle/hour, 25 billion lymphocytes (25x109)/lymph nodes/day ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.