Chapter 17
... • Inactive B cells contain surface Ig that bind to antigen • B cell internalizes and processes antigen • Antigen fragments are displayed on MHC class II molecules • T helper cell (TH) contacts the displayed antigen fragment and releases cytokines that activate B cells • B cell undergoes proliferatio ...
... • Inactive B cells contain surface Ig that bind to antigen • B cell internalizes and processes antigen • Antigen fragments are displayed on MHC class II molecules • T helper cell (TH) contacts the displayed antigen fragment and releases cytokines that activate B cells • B cell undergoes proliferatio ...
The Medical Importance of the Immune System
... 5. To generate an active immune response against a certain antigen, a small number of B and T cell clones that bind to the antigen with high affinity undergo activation, proliferation, and differentiation into plasma cells (for B cells) or activated T cells. This process is called ‘Clonal Selection” ...
... 5. To generate an active immune response against a certain antigen, a small number of B and T cell clones that bind to the antigen with high affinity undergo activation, proliferation, and differentiation into plasma cells (for B cells) or activated T cells. This process is called ‘Clonal Selection” ...
Synovial lining cell hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis
... and 1:30 000 even in rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, when a double labelling, immunohistochemical method was used none of those sparse cells marked as proliferating showed the presence of lysozyme, which is a macrophage marker and shown to be present in type A synovial cells.9 l" We therefore hav ...
... and 1:30 000 even in rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, when a double labelling, immunohistochemical method was used none of those sparse cells marked as proliferating showed the presence of lysozyme, which is a macrophage marker and shown to be present in type A synovial cells.9 l" We therefore hav ...
Antigen targeting to dendritic cells elicits long
... for humoral responses. To further characterize the antibody response, we determined the subclass specificity of the anti-NP Ig response. Immunization with anti–DEC-OVA plus maturation stimulus elicited effective T cell help for B cells and antibodies of all IgG subclasses as well as IgM (Fig. 2 C). ...
... for humoral responses. To further characterize the antibody response, we determined the subclass specificity of the anti-NP Ig response. Immunization with anti–DEC-OVA plus maturation stimulus elicited effective T cell help for B cells and antibodies of all IgG subclasses as well as IgM (Fig. 2 C). ...
Mark Berry
... that central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction could cause all the symptoms we see in both. The group have been measuring VO2 max and conducting brain scans before and after exercise stress tests, looking for blood flow and structural changes, in an attempt to see what the brain is doing when PEM occ ...
... that central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction could cause all the symptoms we see in both. The group have been measuring VO2 max and conducting brain scans before and after exercise stress tests, looking for blood flow and structural changes, in an attempt to see what the brain is doing when PEM occ ...
Propolis
... Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have a central role in the pathogenesis of acute ...
... Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have a central role in the pathogenesis of acute ...
Clearance mechanism of a mannosylated antibody–enzyme fusion
... express MR. In order to address whether there is a preference of clearance of MFECP1 by one of these cell types, liver tissue was stained for CD31, an antigen highly expressed on endothelial cells. Merging of the images of CD31 and MFECP1 staining showed considerable colocalization of these two mole ...
... express MR. In order to address whether there is a preference of clearance of MFECP1 by one of these cell types, liver tissue was stained for CD31, an antigen highly expressed on endothelial cells. Merging of the images of CD31 and MFECP1 staining showed considerable colocalization of these two mole ...
Raulet, D.H. 2004. Interplay of natural killer cells and their receptors with the adaptive immune response. Nat Rev Immunol 5:996-1002.
... responses, mainly by interacting with dendritic cells. Such interactions can positively or negatively regulate dendritic cell activity. Reciprocally, dendritic cells regulate NK cell function. In addition, ‘NK receptors’ are frequently expressed by T cells and can directly regulate the functions of ...
... responses, mainly by interacting with dendritic cells. Such interactions can positively or negatively regulate dendritic cell activity. Reciprocally, dendritic cells regulate NK cell function. In addition, ‘NK receptors’ are frequently expressed by T cells and can directly regulate the functions of ...
I Epitopes by Fibroblasts and Dendritic Cells Differential
... (Fig. 1B). This pattern of response is consistent with earlier reports that the hierarchy of CTL responses corresponds to the relative affinities of the epitopes for MHC-I (22–24). In this case, gp33 and np396 have approximately equal abilities to stabilize Db on the surface of RMA-S cells, while gp ...
... (Fig. 1B). This pattern of response is consistent with earlier reports that the hierarchy of CTL responses corresponds to the relative affinities of the epitopes for MHC-I (22–24). In this case, gp33 and np396 have approximately equal abilities to stabilize Db on the surface of RMA-S cells, while gp ...
Cytokines that Mediate and Regulate Immune Responses
... such as immune and inflammatory responses. They often have multiple effects on the same target cell and may induce or inhibit the synthesis and effects of other cytokines. After binding to specific receptors on the cell surface of the target cells, cytokines produce multiple signals which regulate t ...
... such as immune and inflammatory responses. They often have multiple effects on the same target cell and may induce or inhibit the synthesis and effects of other cytokines. After binding to specific receptors on the cell surface of the target cells, cytokines produce multiple signals which regulate t ...
Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the
... neonatal piglets [30]. However in these animals the decreased TEER was not associated with an increased bacterial translocation or a change in Claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 expression [30]. In a model of gut injury, it has been demonstrated that prostaglandins mediated the recovery of barrier functio ...
... neonatal piglets [30]. However in these animals the decreased TEER was not associated with an increased bacterial translocation or a change in Claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 expression [30]. In a model of gut injury, it has been demonstrated that prostaglandins mediated the recovery of barrier functio ...
Rad52 deficiency decreases development of lung
... or mice that have been treated with a genotoxin have a higher frequency of micronucleus formation. Mouse blood samples are collected into liquid heparin solution and fixed in cold methanol. Samples are prepared and incubated in buffer containing FITC-conjugated CD71 antibody and RNase. Samples ar ...
... or mice that have been treated with a genotoxin have a higher frequency of micronucleus formation. Mouse blood samples are collected into liquid heparin solution and fixed in cold methanol. Samples are prepared and incubated in buffer containing FITC-conjugated CD71 antibody and RNase. Samples ar ...
Vaccinations - e-Bug
... Vaccinations have been one of the most effective methods to prevent disease and have helped to lower mortality associated with infectious diseases worldwide. How vaccines provide immunity Vaccines are preventative, that is, they only protect the individual before they get an infectious disease. When ...
... Vaccinations have been one of the most effective methods to prevent disease and have helped to lower mortality associated with infectious diseases worldwide. How vaccines provide immunity Vaccines are preventative, that is, they only protect the individual before they get an infectious disease. When ...
Immunity to protozoa and worms
... Eosinophils can kill helminths by both O2-dependenat and O2independenat mechanisms Eosinophils are less phagocytic than neurophils. They degranlate in response to perturbation of their surface membrane and their activates are enhanced by cytokines such as TNFα and GM-CSF. Most of their activities, h ...
... Eosinophils can kill helminths by both O2-dependenat and O2independenat mechanisms Eosinophils are less phagocytic than neurophils. They degranlate in response to perturbation of their surface membrane and their activates are enhanced by cytokines such as TNFα and GM-CSF. Most of their activities, h ...
Nicotine Strongly Activates Dendritic Cell–Mediated Adaptive
... anatomic localization, cell-surface phenotype, and function. Human DCs are traditionally divided into two main populations: MYELOID DCs and PLASMACYTOID DCs. DCs were initially thought to be immunogenic, actively inducing or upregulating immune responses. However, recent advances demonstrated th ...
... anatomic localization, cell-surface phenotype, and function. Human DCs are traditionally divided into two main populations: MYELOID DCs and PLASMACYTOID DCs. DCs were initially thought to be immunogenic, actively inducing or upregulating immune responses. However, recent advances demonstrated th ...
Inflammatory bowel disease related innate immunity and adaptive
... immunity [17]. NK cells exhibit cytotoxic damage functions without participation of T cell surface receptor or immunoglobulin signals. Response processes of NK cells act through two receptor systems, one is recognizing antigens and inhibiting immune responses via class I HLA; another is killing targ ...
... immunity [17]. NK cells exhibit cytotoxic damage functions without participation of T cell surface receptor or immunoglobulin signals. Response processes of NK cells act through two receptor systems, one is recognizing antigens and inhibiting immune responses via class I HLA; another is killing targ ...
Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are
... Introduction: There are no studies to date that have examined donor response to major histocompatibility mismatched mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The purposes of this study were to: (1) phenotype P2-P8 bone marrow-derived MSCs from horses of known MHC haplotype; and (2) compare the immunogenicity o ...
... Introduction: There are no studies to date that have examined donor response to major histocompatibility mismatched mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The purposes of this study were to: (1) phenotype P2-P8 bone marrow-derived MSCs from horses of known MHC haplotype; and (2) compare the immunogenicity o ...
To examine if HSV-infected WT and Atg5
... To examine the contribution of Atg5 in DC migration in vivo • The ability of endogenous skin DC population to migrate to the lympnode • 1% FITC painting • No defects in the ability of Atg5 -/- DCs to migrate from the skin to the lymph nodes ...
... To examine the contribution of Atg5 in DC migration in vivo • The ability of endogenous skin DC population to migrate to the lympnode • 1% FITC painting • No defects in the ability of Atg5 -/- DCs to migrate from the skin to the lymph nodes ...
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO
... CBA spleen cells were cultured together with 4 X l0 Gmitomycln C-treated allogeneic BALB/c spleen cells in the smaller glass tubes. At day 4, the time of the optimal blastogenic response (14), the cells were pulsed with thymidine aH (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, England) for 7 hr at a final conce ...
... CBA spleen cells were cultured together with 4 X l0 Gmitomycln C-treated allogeneic BALB/c spleen cells in the smaller glass tubes. At day 4, the time of the optimal blastogenic response (14), the cells were pulsed with thymidine aH (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, England) for 7 hr at a final conce ...
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION and the MHC
... antigen particularly well. During the innate immune response and after phagocytosis of an antigen (e.g. a microorganism), dendritic cells mature and present antigen very well to T lymphocytes. (Microorganisms and their products are particularly good at inducing the maturation of dendritic cells.) In ...
... antigen particularly well. During the innate immune response and after phagocytosis of an antigen (e.g. a microorganism), dendritic cells mature and present antigen very well to T lymphocytes. (Microorganisms and their products are particularly good at inducing the maturation of dendritic cells.) In ...
The properties and functions of effector T cells
... the T cell and the target cell. The migration of effector T cells from the circulation to peripheral sites of infection is largely independent of antigen, ensuring that the maximum possible number of previously activated T cells have the opportunity to locate pathogens and to eradicate the infection ...
... the T cell and the target cell. The migration of effector T cells from the circulation to peripheral sites of infection is largely independent of antigen, ensuring that the maximum possible number of previously activated T cells have the opportunity to locate pathogens and to eradicate the infection ...
CD1 and lipid antigens
... antigen-presenting proteins are the MHC molecules. T cell recognition of peptide fragments bound to MHC class I and II molecules is critical for effective adaptive immunity. During the past decade, other antigen-presenting molecules have been discovered and one of the most intriguing is the CD1 fami ...
... antigen-presenting proteins are the MHC molecules. T cell recognition of peptide fragments bound to MHC class I and II molecules is critical for effective adaptive immunity. During the past decade, other antigen-presenting molecules have been discovered and one of the most intriguing is the CD1 fami ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.