13-14 antigen specific B cell response
... The time consuming selection of the highest affinity B cells takes place in the germinal centres of the secondary lymphatic tissues. B selection in GCs operates on the basis of the relative affinity of competing clones. GC B cells with the highest affinity for an antigen, preferentially receive surv ...
... The time consuming selection of the highest affinity B cells takes place in the germinal centres of the secondary lymphatic tissues. B selection in GCs operates on the basis of the relative affinity of competing clones. GC B cells with the highest affinity for an antigen, preferentially receive surv ...
Basic Pathological Sciences Syllabus
... Abul K. Abbas, Vinay Kumar, Jon C. Aster and others (Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Professional Edition. 9th ed. 2015. Elsevier). Supplementary references have been included, which may either explain details more clearly than the textbook or may contain diagrams that help explain b ...
... Abul K. Abbas, Vinay Kumar, Jon C. Aster and others (Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Professional Edition. 9th ed. 2015. Elsevier). Supplementary references have been included, which may either explain details more clearly than the textbook or may contain diagrams that help explain b ...
Cell Mediated Immunity
... activated to secrete cytokines, depending on the nature of the pathogen to be eliminated. T-helper cells universally secrete IL-2 upon activation, which stimulates proliferation of many immune cells including B-cells, CTL, and Th cells. Th cells differentiate into two types: Th1-cells and Th2-cells ...
... activated to secrete cytokines, depending on the nature of the pathogen to be eliminated. T-helper cells universally secrete IL-2 upon activation, which stimulates proliferation of many immune cells including B-cells, CTL, and Th cells. Th cells differentiate into two types: Th1-cells and Th2-cells ...
Chapter_24_HB_Immune
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Wellness- lesson 03- Proteins
... bacteria attack our bodies, we fight back with protein-made antibodies. Once an antigen is detected, protein gets to work building more antibodies that attach to the invading substance and destroy it! Although the process works well, it is very slow. Antibodies take time to produce so you will norma ...
... bacteria attack our bodies, we fight back with protein-made antibodies. Once an antigen is detected, protein gets to work building more antibodies that attach to the invading substance and destroy it! Although the process works well, it is very slow. Antibodies take time to produce so you will norma ...
Chapter 21 Lecture Outline
... Chapter 21 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. ...
... Chapter 21 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. ...
Protein and Glycoprotein Characterisation by Mass
... rived peptides, masking their appearance at the mass spectrometer detector. The impurities were leaching unnoticed from the ion exchange columns – the most advanced high resolution purification method of the day – as substituted styrene multimers. Since synthetic peptides were purified by crystallis ...
... rived peptides, masking their appearance at the mass spectrometer detector. The impurities were leaching unnoticed from the ion exchange columns – the most advanced high resolution purification method of the day – as substituted styrene multimers. Since synthetic peptides were purified by crystallis ...
Chapter 17: Immunization and Immune Testing
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Tumor Immunology
... Some tumor antigens are qualitatively not different from those found on normal cells but are over expressed on the tumor cell. Eg: 1. HER in some breast and ovarian cancers- over expression of HER-2/neu-1 oncogene 2. ras oncogene on some human prostate cancer cells These commonly expressed tumor ant ...
... Some tumor antigens are qualitatively not different from those found on normal cells but are over expressed on the tumor cell. Eg: 1. HER in some breast and ovarian cancers- over expression of HER-2/neu-1 oncogene 2. ras oncogene on some human prostate cancer cells These commonly expressed tumor ant ...
mukesh-kumar-all-india-institute-of-medical
... enhance endosomal escape :(i) Molecular ferries (ii) Leakage-inducing molecules (iii)Physico-chemical techniques ...
... enhance endosomal escape :(i) Molecular ferries (ii) Leakage-inducing molecules (iii)Physico-chemical techniques ...
IEX and RP Method Development for the Separation of
... Separation based on differences in degree of charge. Sample is injected in a mobile phase buffer with a low salt concentration – this binds proteins to the column. Proteins are typically eluted at constant pH with increasing salt gradients (mobile-phase ionic strength) to displace the proteins from ...
... Separation based on differences in degree of charge. Sample is injected in a mobile phase buffer with a low salt concentration – this binds proteins to the column. Proteins are typically eluted at constant pH with increasing salt gradients (mobile-phase ionic strength) to displace the proteins from ...
An introduction to the immune system: how vaccines work
... may be considered. The first dose may be given from the age of 2 months with a second dose at least 2 months later and a third (booster) dose at 11 – 15 months of age. Infants 7-11 months: Two doses with at least a 1 month interval between doses. A third dose is recommended in the second year of lif ...
... may be considered. The first dose may be given from the age of 2 months with a second dose at least 2 months later and a third (booster) dose at 11 – 15 months of age. Infants 7-11 months: Two doses with at least a 1 month interval between doses. A third dose is recommended in the second year of lif ...
Autoimmune disease
... inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-γ, the most important of which is the IL-2 Smaller cytokine production reduces the T cell proliferation. suppress the humoral immunity, causing B cells to express smaller amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 recept ...
... inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-γ, the most important of which is the IL-2 Smaller cytokine production reduces the T cell proliferation. suppress the humoral immunity, causing B cells to express smaller amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 recept ...
Helper T cells
... exchanging chemical messengers called cytokines. These proteins are secreted by cells and act on other cells to coordinate an appropriate immune response. Cytokines include a diverse assortment of interleukins, interferon, and growth factors. Some cytokines are chemical switches that turn certain im ...
... exchanging chemical messengers called cytokines. These proteins are secreted by cells and act on other cells to coordinate an appropriate immune response. Cytokines include a diverse assortment of interleukins, interferon, and growth factors. Some cytokines are chemical switches that turn certain im ...
Immune responses to human papilloma viruses
... DNA approximately 20-25 per cent of women remain antibody positive. A controversial issue is whether these low levels of anti-L1 antibody protect against reinfection with the same HPV type44. This question is not easy to address. There is increasing evidence that HPV is not cleared when lesions regr ...
... DNA approximately 20-25 per cent of women remain antibody positive. A controversial issue is whether these low levels of anti-L1 antibody protect against reinfection with the same HPV type44. This question is not easy to address. There is increasing evidence that HPV is not cleared when lesions regr ...
IDENTIFICATION OF LEISHMANIA GENES ENCODING PROTEINS
... Immunity to Leishmania in man or in experimental animals may be induced during recovery from infection with virulent organisms or by immunization with various attenuated parasite preparations (1, 11). This suggests that protective immunization may be possible and, therefore, there is considerable in ...
... Immunity to Leishmania in man or in experimental animals may be induced during recovery from infection with virulent organisms or by immunization with various attenuated parasite preparations (1, 11). This suggests that protective immunization may be possible and, therefore, there is considerable in ...
an overview on immunomodulation
... they capture antigen or bring it to the lymphoid organs where an immune response is initiated. Unfortunately, one reason we know so little about dendritic cells is that they are extremely hard to isolate, which is often a prerequisite for the study of the functional qualities of specific cell types. ...
... they capture antigen or bring it to the lymphoid organs where an immune response is initiated. Unfortunately, one reason we know so little about dendritic cells is that they are extremely hard to isolate, which is often a prerequisite for the study of the functional qualities of specific cell types. ...
ADVENTITIOUS SUBSTANCES REMOVED FROM SLIDE TEST
... treatment of the residue of a primary alcoholic extract with acetone. A new method of removing impurities and further increasing the specificity of an antigen by extraction with water has recently been reported 1 . Analyses of the impurities removed from slide test antigen by extraction with water s ...
... treatment of the residue of a primary alcoholic extract with acetone. A new method of removing impurities and further increasing the specificity of an antigen by extraction with water has recently been reported 1 . Analyses of the impurities removed from slide test antigen by extraction with water s ...
T-CELL IMMUNITY 1 and 2 LEARNING GOALS OBJECTIVES
... increases MHC expression. During systemic infections, TNF-α, in concert with IL-6, can produce important clinical morbidity that ranges from flu-like symptoms during viral infections to septic shock, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, severe muscle wasting and overall inanition. The use of ant ...
... increases MHC expression. During systemic infections, TNF-α, in concert with IL-6, can produce important clinical morbidity that ranges from flu-like symptoms during viral infections to septic shock, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, severe muscle wasting and overall inanition. The use of ant ...
Immunity to protozoa and worms
... The development of immunity is a complex process arising from the interactions of many different kinds of cells over a period of time. Effects are often local ad many cell types secreting several different mediators may be present at sites of immune rejection. Moreover, the processes involved in con ...
... The development of immunity is a complex process arising from the interactions of many different kinds of cells over a period of time. Effects are often local ad many cell types secreting several different mediators may be present at sites of immune rejection. Moreover, the processes involved in con ...
Gel-Filtration Chromatography - DORAS
... In addition to molecular size or mass, the flow behaviour of molecules through a gelfiltration column is also a function of their molecular shape, or, to be more precise, hydrodynamic diameter. This is defined as the diameter of the spherical volume (hydrodynamic volume) created by a molecule as it ...
... In addition to molecular size or mass, the flow behaviour of molecules through a gelfiltration column is also a function of their molecular shape, or, to be more precise, hydrodynamic diameter. This is defined as the diameter of the spherical volume (hydrodynamic volume) created by a molecule as it ...
Chapter 10 Lymphatic and Immune Systems Chapter Objectives
... harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, malignant cells, etc. Unlike other body systems the immune system is not contained within a single set of organs or vessels. The immune system depends on structures from the lymphatic, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. The immune system w ...
... harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, malignant cells, etc. Unlike other body systems the immune system is not contained within a single set of organs or vessels. The immune system depends on structures from the lymphatic, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. The immune system w ...
Bones can be described on the basis of their overall macroscopic
... Detect invader/foreign cells Communicate alarm & recruit immune cells Suppress or destroy invader Two major kinds of defense: Innate immunity – inborn, no exposure to antigen required Acquired immunity – develops after exposure to antigen Review of Blood Cells Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Thromboc ...
... Detect invader/foreign cells Communicate alarm & recruit immune cells Suppress or destroy invader Two major kinds of defense: Innate immunity – inborn, no exposure to antigen required Acquired immunity – develops after exposure to antigen Review of Blood Cells Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Thromboc ...
Chapter Objectives
... harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, malignant cells, etc. Unlike other body systems the immune system is not contained within a single set of organs or vessels. The immune system depends on structures from the lymphatic, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. The immune system w ...
... harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, malignant cells, etc. Unlike other body systems the immune system is not contained within a single set of organs or vessels. The immune system depends on structures from the lymphatic, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. The immune system w ...
Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.Given almost any substance, it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to that substance; they can then serve to detect or purify that substance. This has become an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine. When used as medications, the non-proprietary drug name ends in -mab (see ""Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies""), and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.