FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
... (Adenosine triphopshate) molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell. The body uses energy stored in ATP for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work. Mitochondria have two membrane coverings instead of just one. The outer membrane is very porous while the inner membr ...
... (Adenosine triphopshate) molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell. The body uses energy stored in ATP for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work. Mitochondria have two membrane coverings instead of just one. The outer membrane is very porous while the inner membr ...
MCAS And Final Review Packet 2014
... factors can change the shape of the enzyme. The change in shape alters the effectiveness of the enzyme by preventing the substrate and the enzyme fitting together. The lock and key no longer fit together. Sometimes the enzyme does not work at all or it may work with reduced efficiency 2. Cell Biolog ...
... factors can change the shape of the enzyme. The change in shape alters the effectiveness of the enzyme by preventing the substrate and the enzyme fitting together. The lock and key no longer fit together. Sometimes the enzyme does not work at all or it may work with reduced efficiency 2. Cell Biolog ...
Lecture 8 LC710- 1st + 2nd hr
... or toluene) and washed out, resulting in a free 5' hydroxyl group on the first base. * Step 2 - Coupli ng: A nucleoside phosphoramidite (or a mi xture of several phosphorami dites) is activated by an acidic azole cataly st, tetrazole, 2-ethylthiotetrazole, 2-bezylthiotetrazole, 4,5-dicyanoimi dazole ...
... or toluene) and washed out, resulting in a free 5' hydroxyl group on the first base. * Step 2 - Coupli ng: A nucleoside phosphoramidite (or a mi xture of several phosphorami dites) is activated by an acidic azole cataly st, tetrazole, 2-ethylthiotetrazole, 2-bezylthiotetrazole, 4,5-dicyanoimi dazole ...
lectureMarch7
... 2. Extract proteins 3. Separate on the basis of charge first 4. Separate on the basis of size secondly Each spot represents the steady state amount of protein in the cell at the time sampled. It does not tell you anything about the expression of the gene that encoded it. ...
... 2. Extract proteins 3. Separate on the basis of charge first 4. Separate on the basis of size secondly Each spot represents the steady state amount of protein in the cell at the time sampled. It does not tell you anything about the expression of the gene that encoded it. ...
Plankton Biomass and Food Web Structure
... hydrocarbons; includes fatty acids, phospholipids, pigments, steroids. ...
... hydrocarbons; includes fatty acids, phospholipids, pigments, steroids. ...
Lecture #2 – Review of Protein Chemistry, Enzyme Specificity
... Secondary structures are general in the form of α-helices, β-sheets, or flexible. The tertiary structure represents the higher-order folding of the chain into its final threedimensional structure, while quaternary structures are formed from the interaction of two or more individually-folded chains. ...
... Secondary structures are general in the form of α-helices, β-sheets, or flexible. The tertiary structure represents the higher-order folding of the chain into its final threedimensional structure, while quaternary structures are formed from the interaction of two or more individually-folded chains. ...
Discrimination of monozygotic twins (and clones) on the DNA
... between monozygotic twins because, due to their extreme diversity, they are highly unlikely to be shared by two individuals in the subset of B cells that forms the population of memory cells (see below). Upon stimulation by an antigen, specific B cells are activated. In the germinal centers (in seco ...
... between monozygotic twins because, due to their extreme diversity, they are highly unlikely to be shared by two individuals in the subset of B cells that forms the population of memory cells (see below). Upon stimulation by an antigen, specific B cells are activated. In the germinal centers (in seco ...
Sympathetic neurons in culture
... be transfected by microinjection technique and adenovirus infection. However, these techniques require skilled operators and are often lengthy and cumbersome. On the other hand, lipid-based transfection reagents have repeatedly proved to be toxic or not effective. Here, we report the use of Cellaxes ...
... be transfected by microinjection technique and adenovirus infection. However, these techniques require skilled operators and are often lengthy and cumbersome. On the other hand, lipid-based transfection reagents have repeatedly proved to be toxic or not effective. Here, we report the use of Cellaxes ...
Pattern Matching: Organic Molecules
... (ATP) is not only a major subunit of DNA and RNA, but also is a major energy carrier in living systems. ...
... (ATP) is not only a major subunit of DNA and RNA, but also is a major energy carrier in living systems. ...
Exam 2 Student Key
... d. (2pts) In which of the cells below would you likely find active telomerase? (Circle ALL correct) ...
... d. (2pts) In which of the cells below would you likely find active telomerase? (Circle ALL correct) ...
Discrimination of monozygotic twins (and clones) on the DNA level
... secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's Patches), they proliferate and differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cells and memory cells [8]. At the same time, further diversity is generated by the introduction of point mutations into Ig genes (somatic hypermutation; [10]). In ...
... secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's Patches), they proliferate and differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cells and memory cells [8]. At the same time, further diversity is generated by the introduction of point mutations into Ig genes (somatic hypermutation; [10]). In ...
amino acids - CRCBiologyY11
... hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They sometimes also contain sulphur and may form complexes with other molecules. Proteins are made of small units called amino acids. These link together by peptide bonds to form chains of polypeptides. Musical Proteins ...
... hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They sometimes also contain sulphur and may form complexes with other molecules. Proteins are made of small units called amino acids. These link together by peptide bonds to form chains of polypeptides. Musical Proteins ...
Inorganic/Organic Chemistry
... triglycerides, phospholipids are not electrically neutral because the phosphate group has a charge on it. The polar phosphate group repels the non-polar fatty acids groups, bending the molecule into a shape having a polar “head” and non-polar “tails.” Steroids have a very different structure. All ha ...
... triglycerides, phospholipids are not electrically neutral because the phosphate group has a charge on it. The polar phosphate group repels the non-polar fatty acids groups, bending the molecule into a shape having a polar “head” and non-polar “tails.” Steroids have a very different structure. All ha ...
5.4 Asexual Reproduction
... Binary Fission and Mitosis • Prokaryotes have no nucleus but do have DNA – DNA in the shape of single circular chromosome – Chromosome copied and attached to cell wall – When cell is twice as large membrane pinches inward – cytokinesis – Cell wall forms ...
... Binary Fission and Mitosis • Prokaryotes have no nucleus but do have DNA – DNA in the shape of single circular chromosome – Chromosome copied and attached to cell wall – When cell is twice as large membrane pinches inward – cytokinesis – Cell wall forms ...
Protein Synthesis Notes File
... A. ____________________- the process by which DNA is copied to RNA 1. The enzyme responsible for transcription is ____________________________ 2. RNA polymerase must bind with DNA at a _______________________ a) ___________________- series of repeating nucleotides up stream of the gene to be transcr ...
... A. ____________________- the process by which DNA is copied to RNA 1. The enzyme responsible for transcription is ____________________________ 2. RNA polymerase must bind with DNA at a _______________________ a) ___________________- series of repeating nucleotides up stream of the gene to be transcr ...
Supporting Information File SF5
... In-gel proteolysis Proteins subjected to gel electrophoresis were reduced with 10 mM DTT (60ºC, 30 min) and modified with 100 mM iodoacetamide in 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate (room temp, 30 min). Gel pieces were dehydrated with acetonitrile, rehydrated with 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM ammonium bicarbona ...
... In-gel proteolysis Proteins subjected to gel electrophoresis were reduced with 10 mM DTT (60ºC, 30 min) and modified with 100 mM iodoacetamide in 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate (room temp, 30 min). Gel pieces were dehydrated with acetonitrile, rehydrated with 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM ammonium bicarbona ...
Molecules/Compounds/Chemical Bonds/Chemical Reactions
... Has an unbroken surface so bacteria cannot invade, also has an acid mantle that inhibits bacteria, phagocytes ingest foreign material and pathogens like bacteria and prevents them from going deeper. ...
... Has an unbroken surface so bacteria cannot invade, also has an acid mantle that inhibits bacteria, phagocytes ingest foreign material and pathogens like bacteria and prevents them from going deeper. ...
Slide 1
... plane of the membrane and serve as a solvent for hydrophobic membrane proteins, which can also diffuse in the plane of the membrane. At the same time the membrane is a permeability barrier for polar and charged substances. ...
... plane of the membrane and serve as a solvent for hydrophobic membrane proteins, which can also diffuse in the plane of the membrane. At the same time the membrane is a permeability barrier for polar and charged substances. ...
understanding bacterial iron transport
... Fax : (44) 18 65 27 51 82 E-mail : [email protected] / [email protected] We present preliminary results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a nanosecond timescale in a fully solvated lipid bilayer to probe the mechanism of the FepA bacterial iron transporter protein. Gram negative bacteria t ...
... Fax : (44) 18 65 27 51 82 E-mail : [email protected] / [email protected] We present preliminary results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a nanosecond timescale in a fully solvated lipid bilayer to probe the mechanism of the FepA bacterial iron transporter protein. Gram negative bacteria t ...
emboj7600836-sup
... (WI-38), human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), Rat embryonic fibroblast cell line (REF52), a cervical carcinoma cell line (C33-A) with mutant pRb and p53 and the osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2), which lacks the RB gene and p53 function (American Type Culture Collection), were cultured in Dulbecco’s mod ...
... (WI-38), human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), Rat embryonic fibroblast cell line (REF52), a cervical carcinoma cell line (C33-A) with mutant pRb and p53 and the osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2), which lacks the RB gene and p53 function (American Type Culture Collection), were cultured in Dulbecco’s mod ...
Lecture 4
... NUCLEIC ACIDS 1- They are the most important macromolecules in the cells of all microorganisms 2- They are carriers of genetic information 3-There have Two forms (RNA and DNA) Composition and structure of nucleic acids Nucleic acid molecule is a polymers of monomeric unit called nucleotides. These ...
... NUCLEIC ACIDS 1- They are the most important macromolecules in the cells of all microorganisms 2- They are carriers of genetic information 3-There have Two forms (RNA and DNA) Composition and structure of nucleic acids Nucleic acid molecule is a polymers of monomeric unit called nucleotides. These ...
Cell-penetrating peptide
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargo (from nanosize particles to small chemical molecules and large fragments of DNA). The ""cargo"" is associated with the peptides either through chemical linkage via covalent bonds or through non-covalent interactions. The function of the CPPs are to deliver the cargo into cells, a process that commonly occurs through endocytosis with the cargo delivered to the endosomes of living mammalian cells.CPPs hold great potential as in vitro and in vivo delivery vectors for use in research and medicine. Current use is limited by a lack of cell specificity in CPP-mediated cargo delivery and insufficient understanding of the modes of their uptake.CPPs typically have an amino acid composition that either contains a high relative abundance of positively charged amino acids such as lysine or arginine or has sequences that contain an alternating pattern of polar/charged amino acids and non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids. These two types of structures are referred to as polycationic or amphipathic, respectively. A third class of CPPs are the hydrophobic peptides, containing only apolar residues, with low net chargeor have hydrophobic amino acid groups that are crucial for cellular uptake.The first CPP was discovered independently by two laboratories in 1988, when it was found that the trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) could be efficiently taken up from the surrounding media by numerous cell types in culture. Since then, the number of known CPPs has expanded considerably and small molecule synthetic analogues with more effective protein transduction properties have been generated.