Different Types of Cerebellar GABAergic Interneurons Originate from
... interneurons. Glutamatergic neurons develop from the rhombic lip, whereas GABAergic neurons originate from the ventricular neuroepithelium. Progenitors in these germinal layers are committed toward specific phenotypes already at early ontogenetic stages. GABAergic interneurons are thought to derive ...
... interneurons. Glutamatergic neurons develop from the rhombic lip, whereas GABAergic neurons originate from the ventricular neuroepithelium. Progenitors in these germinal layers are committed toward specific phenotypes already at early ontogenetic stages. GABAergic interneurons are thought to derive ...
Optogenetic control of cell signaling pathway through
... Focusing through a highly scattering skull layer using wavefront shaping In order to demonstrate that the wavefront shaping of excitation beams enables the generation of selective focus through a highly scattering skull layer and thereby the optogenetic regulation of signaling-pathways in individual ...
... Focusing through a highly scattering skull layer using wavefront shaping In order to demonstrate that the wavefront shaping of excitation beams enables the generation of selective focus through a highly scattering skull layer and thereby the optogenetic regulation of signaling-pathways in individual ...
Place cells, neocortex and spatial navigation: a short review
... precluded, motion-related (or idiothetic) cues alone are not sufficient to support spatially stable place cell firing in the long term [56]. However, idiothetic information does contribute to place cell firing as shown by our observation that blind rats have normal firing fields [55]. In this study, place ...
... precluded, motion-related (or idiothetic) cues alone are not sufficient to support spatially stable place cell firing in the long term [56]. However, idiothetic information does contribute to place cell firing as shown by our observation that blind rats have normal firing fields [55]. In this study, place ...
adrift, a novel bnl -induced Drosophila gene required for tracheal pathfinding into the CNS. Development 126(7):1505-14. pdf
... characterizing the areas that guide these migrations. Many such cues are presented by developing neurons and glial cells, and the nervous system provides a highly diverse array of positional cues. This positional information potentially could be used by other migrating cells. In this paper, we demon ...
... characterizing the areas that guide these migrations. Many such cues are presented by developing neurons and glial cells, and the nervous system provides a highly diverse array of positional cues. This positional information potentially could be used by other migrating cells. In this paper, we demon ...
A Neuronal Is Required Stimulation Cell Surface
... During embryonic development of the peripheral nerve trunks, Schwann cells proliferate along the axons which they will later ensheath and, in the case of larger axons, myelinate. This early proliferative response can be mimicked in vitro using cultures containing pure populations of embryonic rat do ...
... During embryonic development of the peripheral nerve trunks, Schwann cells proliferate along the axons which they will later ensheath and, in the case of larger axons, myelinate. This early proliferative response can be mimicked in vitro using cultures containing pure populations of embryonic rat do ...
Significance of Neural Crest in Tooth Development
... the dorsal root ganglia and neurons of the central nervous system are not known to dedifferentiate. The evolutionary developmental origin of neural crest, specifically, the sensory neurons and glia of dorsal root ganglia, is to be found in migration of mitotically active Rohon-Beard progenitor cells ...
... the dorsal root ganglia and neurons of the central nervous system are not known to dedifferentiate. The evolutionary developmental origin of neural crest, specifically, the sensory neurons and glia of dorsal root ganglia, is to be found in migration of mitotically active Rohon-Beard progenitor cells ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... genetic modifications. Zebrafish have an archetypal vertebrate brain plan [1] and exhibit a wide range of simple but reliable behaviors. These include a diversity of spontaneous locomotor maneuvers, such as slow forward swims and routine turns [2] and reflex-like responses, such as touch mediated es ...
... genetic modifications. Zebrafish have an archetypal vertebrate brain plan [1] and exhibit a wide range of simple but reliable behaviors. These include a diversity of spontaneous locomotor maneuvers, such as slow forward swims and routine turns [2] and reflex-like responses, such as touch mediated es ...
CHAPTER 14: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND
... Effects on secretion from sweat glands: sympathetic nervous system attempts to maintain body temperature homeostasis during periods of increased physical activity Postganglionic sympathetic neurons release ACh onto sweat gland cells in skin ACh binds to muscarinic receptors that increase sweat g ...
... Effects on secretion from sweat glands: sympathetic nervous system attempts to maintain body temperature homeostasis during periods of increased physical activity Postganglionic sympathetic neurons release ACh onto sweat gland cells in skin ACh binds to muscarinic receptors that increase sweat g ...
Coupled Noisy Spiking Neurons as Velocity-Controlled
... these step sizes were sufficiently small. As our simulations often comA quantitative measure of the phase of the network oscillators was prised hundreds of cells (15,000 in the largest simulation) and were desired, but translating the state of a neuron into the corresponding up to 320 s long, it was ...
... these step sizes were sufficiently small. As our simulations often comA quantitative measure of the phase of the network oscillators was prised hundreds of cells (15,000 in the largest simulation) and were desired, but translating the state of a neuron into the corresponding up to 320 s long, it was ...
(SCI) patients in the United States
... The number of living Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients in the United States, as of 2012, is approximately 270,000 people. In addition there are about 12,000 new cases of spinal cord injury each year. SCI primarily affects young adults, the average age of injury was 28.7 years, and most occur between ...
... The number of living Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients in the United States, as of 2012, is approximately 270,000 people. In addition there are about 12,000 new cases of spinal cord injury each year. SCI primarily affects young adults, the average age of injury was 28.7 years, and most occur between ...
A Unified Mathematical Framework for Coding Time, Space,
... for position of a landmark. Simulated cells show a close correspondence to neurons observed in various regions for all three cases. In the temporal domain, novel secondary analyses of hippocampal time cells verified several qualitative predictions of the model. An integrated representation of spatio ...
... for position of a landmark. Simulated cells show a close correspondence to neurons observed in various regions for all three cases. In the temporal domain, novel secondary analyses of hippocampal time cells verified several qualitative predictions of the model. An integrated representation of spatio ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... the projection neurons of the different neocortical layers in a tightly controlled temporal order from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E17.5 in the mouse18–20, and postmitotic neurons position themselves in the developing neocortex through defined modes of radial and tangential migration6,21–23. The earli ...
... the projection neurons of the different neocortical layers in a tightly controlled temporal order from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E17.5 in the mouse18–20, and postmitotic neurons position themselves in the developing neocortex through defined modes of radial and tangential migration6,21–23. The earli ...
The Existence of a Layer IV in the Rat Motor Cortex
... the borders was obtained by derivating the density data. In the derived density data the maximum changes could be found, thus indicating a lamina border. The size (diameter) of the neuronal perikarya was measured during the counting procedure and the volume was calculated by assuming that the cell b ...
... the borders was obtained by derivating the density data. In the derived density data the maximum changes could be found, thus indicating a lamina border. The size (diameter) of the neuronal perikarya was measured during the counting procedure and the volume was calculated by assuming that the cell b ...
Thermosensory processing in the Drosophila brain
... some cells are excited by warming and inhibited by cooling, whereas others are excited by cooling and inhibited by warming1,2. The central circuits that process these signals are not understood. In Drosophila, a specific brain region receives input from thermoreceptor cells2,3. Here we show that dis ...
... some cells are excited by warming and inhibited by cooling, whereas others are excited by cooling and inhibited by warming1,2. The central circuits that process these signals are not understood. In Drosophila, a specific brain region receives input from thermoreceptor cells2,3. Here we show that dis ...
The Temporal Profile of 72-kDa Heat
... reperfusion. On the other hand, HSP72 was expressed prominently in the CA3 regions. The possibility that the cell death of the CA1 neurons was related to an inability of these cells to express HSP72 70 was suggested. The present study shows robust expression of HSP72 in CA1 pyramidal neurons occurri ...
... reperfusion. On the other hand, HSP72 was expressed prominently in the CA3 regions. The possibility that the cell death of the CA1 neurons was related to an inability of these cells to express HSP72 70 was suggested. The present study shows robust expression of HSP72 in CA1 pyramidal neurons occurri ...
Coding in the Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
... In this paper we formulate a new theory of how information is coded along the parallel fibers in the cerebellar cortex. A question which may arise is why such a new theory is needed at all. Previously we have argued that the dominant theory of cerebellar coding, i.e. the perceptron learning theory f ...
... In this paper we formulate a new theory of how information is coded along the parallel fibers in the cerebellar cortex. A question which may arise is why such a new theory is needed at all. Previously we have argued that the dominant theory of cerebellar coding, i.e. the perceptron learning theory f ...
Changes in P2Y2 receptor localization on adrenaline
... different ages, ranging from embryonic day E16 to 22 months. Immunoreactivity for the P2Y2 receptor was present in chromaffin cells and nerve fibres at all ages examined. Double labeling with the antibody against phenyl ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which marks adrenaline-producing chromaffin ce ...
... different ages, ranging from embryonic day E16 to 22 months. Immunoreactivity for the P2Y2 receptor was present in chromaffin cells and nerve fibres at all ages examined. Double labeling with the antibody against phenyl ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which marks adrenaline-producing chromaffin ce ...
The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Serotonergic
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
The role of T helper cells in neuroprotection and - Direct-MS
... The inflammatory wound healing response of the central nervous system (CNS) following mechanical injury is characterized by at least one or two phases of T cell infiltration. Surprisingly, whether T cells play a beneficial or detrimental role in these processes is still controversial. It has been su ...
... The inflammatory wound healing response of the central nervous system (CNS) following mechanical injury is characterized by at least one or two phases of T cell infiltration. Surprisingly, whether T cells play a beneficial or detrimental role in these processes is still controversial. It has been su ...
THE SPECIAL SENSES
... receptor cells – To smell a particular odor it must be volatile and it must be dissolved in the fluid coating the olfactory epithelium – Axons of the olfactory receptor cells synapse in the olfactory bulbs sending impulses down the olfactory tracts to the thalamus, the hypothalamus, amygdala, and ot ...
... receptor cells – To smell a particular odor it must be volatile and it must be dissolved in the fluid coating the olfactory epithelium – Axons of the olfactory receptor cells synapse in the olfactory bulbs sending impulses down the olfactory tracts to the thalamus, the hypothalamus, amygdala, and ot ...
Anatomy of the Cerebellum
... • The cerebellum is thought to share its “predictor function” with the parietal lobes ...
... • The cerebellum is thought to share its “predictor function” with the parietal lobes ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.