Slide 1
... two polynucleotide strands wrapped into a double helix. – The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside. – The nitrogenous bases are perpendicular to the backbone in the interior. – Specific pairs of bases give the helix a uniform shape. – A pairs with T, with two hydrogen bonds – G pairs with C, w ...
... two polynucleotide strands wrapped into a double helix. – The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside. – The nitrogenous bases are perpendicular to the backbone in the interior. – Specific pairs of bases give the helix a uniform shape. – A pairs with T, with two hydrogen bonds – G pairs with C, w ...
The Scientific Method in Biology
... Information in RNA contained in triplets of bases (codons) Codons are non-overlapping and abutting Each codon contains the information required to include one and only one amino acid at a position in a protein The genetic code is universal (except for a few small differences in some very weird organ ...
... Information in RNA contained in triplets of bases (codons) Codons are non-overlapping and abutting Each codon contains the information required to include one and only one amino acid at a position in a protein The genetic code is universal (except for a few small differences in some very weird organ ...
Unit One “Science Introduction & Cellular Function”
... type of covalent bond), and are formed via Dehydration Synthesis • Long chains of amino acids linked by Peptide Bonds are called “Polypeptides” ...
... type of covalent bond), and are formed via Dehydration Synthesis • Long chains of amino acids linked by Peptide Bonds are called “Polypeptides” ...
BIOL 222 - philipdarrenjones.com
... 34) The leading and the lagging strands differ in that A) the leading strand is synthesized toward the replication fork, the lagging strand is synthesized away from the fork B) the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synt ...
... 34) The leading and the lagging strands differ in that A) the leading strand is synthesized toward the replication fork, the lagging strand is synthesized away from the fork B) the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synt ...
BASIC DNA
... – Regions of DNA which differ from person to person • Locus (plural = loci) – Site or location on a chromosome • Allele – Different variants which can exist at a locus • DNA Profile – The combination of alleles for an individual ...
... – Regions of DNA which differ from person to person • Locus (plural = loci) – Site or location on a chromosome • Allele – Different variants which can exist at a locus • DNA Profile – The combination of alleles for an individual ...
Chapter 12 Genetic Engineering and the Molecules of Life
... therapeutic genes were given. Although none of the patients attained normal eyesight, six of the twelve test subjects improved enough that they are no longer classified as legally blind. ...
... therapeutic genes were given. Although none of the patients attained normal eyesight, six of the twelve test subjects improved enough that they are no longer classified as legally blind. ...
DNA and protein synthesis
... guanine and adenine with thymine. This was not only consistent with the known ratio of the bases in the molecule, but also allowed for an identical separation of the strands throughout the molecule, a fact shown to be the case from X-ray diffraction patterns. As the purines, adenine and guanine are ...
... guanine and adenine with thymine. This was not only consistent with the known ratio of the bases in the molecule, but also allowed for an identical separation of the strands throughout the molecule, a fact shown to be the case from X-ray diffraction patterns. As the purines, adenine and guanine are ...
Genes
... – Where are these impt in nucleic acids? – Type I – cleaves 1 strand – Type II – cleaves both strands ...
... – Where are these impt in nucleic acids? – Type I – cleaves 1 strand – Type II – cleaves both strands ...
Prof. Emmanuelle Charpentier (France) Dr. Jennifer A. Doudna (USA)
... Meeting of two female scientists results in a long distance research collaboration CRISPR is an abbreviation for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Bacteria genomes frequently contain repeating structures of palindrome-like identical sequences, made up of 20 to 50 bases, in b ...
... Meeting of two female scientists results in a long distance research collaboration CRISPR is an abbreviation for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Bacteria genomes frequently contain repeating structures of palindrome-like identical sequences, made up of 20 to 50 bases, in b ...
Test 3
... *Genes for related proteins usually on one contiguous mRNA message and linked into a single operator so a single control system will turn on and off several related proteins at once. * usually very simple- only one or two regulatory proteins involved. * can use direct feedback of translation to cont ...
... *Genes for related proteins usually on one contiguous mRNA message and linked into a single operator so a single control system will turn on and off several related proteins at once. * usually very simple- only one or two regulatory proteins involved. * can use direct feedback of translation to cont ...
A1987G060500001
... data. ____________________ The use of 31p NMR was the crucial step in the development of the deoxynucleosidephosphoramidite chemistry since it was free of Upon graduation from McGill University in 1978, I joined Marvin Caruthers’s group at the these problems. The 31p NMR data rapidly University of C ...
... data. ____________________ The use of 31p NMR was the crucial step in the development of the deoxynucleosidephosphoramidite chemistry since it was free of Upon graduation from McGill University in 1978, I joined Marvin Caruthers’s group at the these problems. The 31p NMR data rapidly University of C ...
RNA polymerase changes specificity
... early to middle phage transcription gene • gp33 and gp34: The switch from middle to late transcription occurs in much the same way, except that two polypeptides team up to bind to the polymerase core and change ...
... early to middle phage transcription gene • gp33 and gp34: The switch from middle to late transcription occurs in much the same way, except that two polypeptides team up to bind to the polymerase core and change ...
transcription
... heterotrimer，and it binds to and protects both of the separated strands in the open complex. • XPG is a structurespecific nuclease. ...
... heterotrimer，and it binds to and protects both of the separated strands in the open complex. • XPG is a structurespecific nuclease. ...
AP Biology PowerPoint Ch 19
... (-COCH3) to AAs in histones. Result - DNA held less tightly to the nucleosomes, more accessible for transcription. ...
... (-COCH3) to AAs in histones. Result - DNA held less tightly to the nucleosomes, more accessible for transcription. ...
Text S1.
... Full-length DmMterf3 cDNA was obtained from the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (LD27042). Two amino acid changing substitutions were identified in the DmMterf3 cDNA in comparison with the reference sequence (FBtr0081087). The corresponding mutations at nucleotide positions 415 and 710 were chan ...
... Full-length DmMterf3 cDNA was obtained from the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (LD27042). Two amino acid changing substitutions were identified in the DmMterf3 cDNA in comparison with the reference sequence (FBtr0081087). The corresponding mutations at nucleotide positions 415 and 710 were chan ...
DNA is the hereditary material that transfers info btwn bacterial cells
... depending on what the cell needs • When turned “off” a repressor protein is bound to DNA in front of the gene • To turn a gene “on” an inducer (lactose) binds to the repressor, causing it to fall off….then gene is ...
... depending on what the cell needs • When turned “off” a repressor protein is bound to DNA in front of the gene • To turn a gene “on” an inducer (lactose) binds to the repressor, causing it to fall off….then gene is ...
02. Molecular basis of heredity. Realization of hereditary information
... example, if UAC is changed to UAU, there is no noticeable effect, because both of these codons code for tyrosine. This is called a silent mutation. If UAC is changed to UAG, however, the result could very well be a drastic one because UAG is a stop codon. If this substitution occurs early in the gen ...
... example, if UAC is changed to UAU, there is no noticeable effect, because both of these codons code for tyrosine. This is called a silent mutation. If UAC is changed to UAG, however, the result could very well be a drastic one because UAG is a stop codon. If this substitution occurs early in the gen ...
PowerPoint Slides
... • Live-attenuated or killed Vaccines are not applicable Because: • If there were a manufacturing error and the HIV is not properly killed or attenuated, the poorly-made vaccine could infect people with HIV • Also, because HIV is so highly mutating, there is concern it might be able to mutate out of ...
... • Live-attenuated or killed Vaccines are not applicable Because: • If there were a manufacturing error and the HIV is not properly killed or attenuated, the poorly-made vaccine could infect people with HIV • Also, because HIV is so highly mutating, there is concern it might be able to mutate out of ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME
... A defect in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase would directly lead to: 1. a block in transcription 2. uncharged tRNA ...
... A defect in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase would directly lead to: 1. a block in transcription 2. uncharged tRNA ...
statgen2
... •Theophrastus proposed that male flowers caused female flowers to ripen; •Hippocrates speculated that "seeds" were produced by various body parts and transmitted to offspring at the time of conception. •Aristotle thought that male and female semen mixed at conception. •Aeschylus, in 458 BC, proposed ...
... •Theophrastus proposed that male flowers caused female flowers to ripen; •Hippocrates speculated that "seeds" were produced by various body parts and transmitted to offspring at the time of conception. •Aristotle thought that male and female semen mixed at conception. •Aeschylus, in 458 BC, proposed ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.