Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... Position of the course Every student must know the basic principles of biochemistry and molecular biology. Part Biochemistry This course provides a fundamental base for the study (structure, organisation and function) and optimal control of living matter (animal, plant and microorganism). After a su ...
... Position of the course Every student must know the basic principles of biochemistry and molecular biology. Part Biochemistry This course provides a fundamental base for the study (structure, organisation and function) and optimal control of living matter (animal, plant and microorganism). After a su ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) + Electrophoresis with agarose
... DNA fragments, 10-20bp) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting ...
... DNA fragments, 10-20bp) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting ...
Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
... Enzymes make it easier for reactions to occur by putting stress on specific bonds or atoms w/in molecules. Lower ACTIVATION ENERGY needed for rxns. To procede (These rxns would occur anyway, but @ slower rate) ...
... Enzymes make it easier for reactions to occur by putting stress on specific bonds or atoms w/in molecules. Lower ACTIVATION ENERGY needed for rxns. To procede (These rxns would occur anyway, but @ slower rate) ...
Lecture 2 - Organic Origins Debate
... diverse ecological conditions Hominids diverged from Apes on border of forested and savanna environments Homo sapiens sapiens ~150,000 ya ...
... diverse ecological conditions Hominids diverged from Apes on border of forested and savanna environments Homo sapiens sapiens ~150,000 ya ...
Document
... In 1968, Dr. Werner Arber at the University of Basel, Switzerland and Dr. Hamilton Smith at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, discovered a group of enzymes in bacteria, which when added to any DNA will result in the breakage [hydrolysis] of the sugarphosphate bond between certain specific nuc ...
... In 1968, Dr. Werner Arber at the University of Basel, Switzerland and Dr. Hamilton Smith at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, discovered a group of enzymes in bacteria, which when added to any DNA will result in the breakage [hydrolysis] of the sugarphosphate bond between certain specific nuc ...
end of semester main examination
... If this DNA molecule is transcribed, which strand will be the template strand and which will be the non-template strand? [3 Marks] ...
... If this DNA molecule is transcribed, which strand will be the template strand and which will be the non-template strand? [3 Marks] ...
Bio_11_Rev
... Now, many farmers use genetically-engineered techniques to improve their stock or their production. Many farmers add growth hormone to the diet of their cows to increase the amount of milk their cows produce. The cow growth hormone gene is introduced into bacteria which is than added to the cow’s fo ...
... Now, many farmers use genetically-engineered techniques to improve their stock or their production. Many farmers add growth hormone to the diet of their cows to increase the amount of milk their cows produce. The cow growth hormone gene is introduced into bacteria which is than added to the cow’s fo ...
Genes - Bill Nye
... 1. You get your genes from your _____________________. 2. Your body is made of ______________. 3. DNA is shaped like a _____________________________. 4. ____________ is the chemical genes are made of. 5. _________________ of genes are joined together to make a chromosome. 6. If you uncoil chromosome ...
... 1. You get your genes from your _____________________. 2. Your body is made of ______________. 3. DNA is shaped like a _____________________________. 4. ____________ is the chemical genes are made of. 5. _________________ of genes are joined together to make a chromosome. 6. If you uncoil chromosome ...
TrueAllele Report
... The TrueAllele Casework system is a computer implementation of this two-step DNA identification inference approach. The computer objectively infers genotypes from DNA data through statistical modeling, without reference to a known comparison genotype. To preserve the identification information prese ...
... The TrueAllele Casework system is a computer implementation of this two-step DNA identification inference approach. The computer objectively infers genotypes from DNA data through statistical modeling, without reference to a known comparison genotype. To preserve the identification information prese ...
Slide 1
... • Humans - in liver and muscles. • Cellulose – polysaccharide; plant cell walls. • Many herbivores cannot digest cellulose (develop relationships with microbes) ...
... • Humans - in liver and muscles. • Cellulose – polysaccharide; plant cell walls. • Many herbivores cannot digest cellulose (develop relationships with microbes) ...
Q. No. 1. How can RNA be distinguished from DNA?
... Q. No. 1. How can RNA be distinguished from DNA? Ans. RNA and DNA are both nucleic acids, but differ in three main ways. First, unlike DNA which is generally double-stranded, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in many of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. Second, while ...
... Q. No. 1. How can RNA be distinguished from DNA? Ans. RNA and DNA are both nucleic acids, but differ in three main ways. First, unlike DNA which is generally double-stranded, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in many of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. Second, while ...
8 7 Mutations
... • IF in a body cell, the cell with the mutation is affected, & daughter cells (from mitosis) can be affected by the altered DNA, but the mutation will not be passed on to your kids!!!! ○ Aging, cancer • IF in a gamete (sperm or egg cell), the altered DNA will be transmitted to embryo and may be pass ...
... • IF in a body cell, the cell with the mutation is affected, & daughter cells (from mitosis) can be affected by the altered DNA, but the mutation will not be passed on to your kids!!!! ○ Aging, cancer • IF in a gamete (sperm or egg cell), the altered DNA will be transmitted to embryo and may be pass ...
Outlines_Ch16
... one plasmid per bacterial chromosome. • An F factor can integrate into the bacterial chromosome – Its own replication system is suppressed. ...
... one plasmid per bacterial chromosome. • An F factor can integrate into the bacterial chromosome – Its own replication system is suppressed. ...
DNA Guide
... Write your title DNA Pocket Guide and include a picture that relates to DNA Page 1 The Units *The units that connect together to make DNA are called ___________________________ Draw a picture of one unit and label its three parts Page 2 Bases *The four bases found in DNA are ________________________ ...
... Write your title DNA Pocket Guide and include a picture that relates to DNA Page 1 The Units *The units that connect together to make DNA are called ___________________________ Draw a picture of one unit and label its three parts Page 2 Bases *The four bases found in DNA are ________________________ ...
Beyond Mendel: Molecular genetics, cell division, and sex
... − the shape is described by its secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure, which we will not cover in detail − the shape has a huge effect on the chemical properties of the protein − the shape is largely determined by the sequence of amino acids: the protein’s primary structu ...
... − the shape is described by its secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure, which we will not cover in detail − the shape has a huge effect on the chemical properties of the protein − the shape is largely determined by the sequence of amino acids: the protein’s primary structu ...
Microbiology
... Recombination Two different DNA molecules in a cell can recombine by one of several mechanisms: - Generalized recombination requires that the two recombining molecules have a considerable stretch of homologous DNA sequences (>50 bp). - Site-specific recombination requires very little sequence homol ...
... Recombination Two different DNA molecules in a cell can recombine by one of several mechanisms: - Generalized recombination requires that the two recombining molecules have a considerable stretch of homologous DNA sequences (>50 bp). - Site-specific recombination requires very little sequence homol ...
Giant DNA Lab Manual.
... in this organism; that is, if you built the gene as you did in step (11) and followed steps (12) through (15), it would produce the protein desired. 1) Give the sequence of your protein. Be sure to indicate the N and C termini. 2) Give the sequence of the mRNA that would encode your protein. Note th ...
... in this organism; that is, if you built the gene as you did in step (11) and followed steps (12) through (15), it would produce the protein desired. 1) Give the sequence of your protein. Be sure to indicate the N and C termini. 2) Give the sequence of the mRNA that would encode your protein. Note th ...
Bio-Macromolecules Worksheet
... protein needed by a living thing. RNA copies and transfers this genetic information so that proteins can be made. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made of a phosphate group attached to a pentose (5 carbon) sugar and a nitrogenous (contains lots of Nitro ...
... protein needed by a living thing. RNA copies and transfers this genetic information so that proteins can be made. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made of a phosphate group attached to a pentose (5 carbon) sugar and a nitrogenous (contains lots of Nitro ...
Study Guide – Test Two Organismal Biology Deoxyribonucleic Acid
... o Antibiotic drugs kill bacteria by targeting prokaryotic membrane proteins, enzymes, and other structures ...
... o Antibiotic drugs kill bacteria by targeting prokaryotic membrane proteins, enzymes, and other structures ...
Laboratory 11
... of bacterial species, then the PCR product will consist of many different, but similar, sequences. The length of the products are determined by the position of the primers, therefore, the success of PCR reactions can be evaluated by using gel electrophoresis to look for specific-length products. In ...
... of bacterial species, then the PCR product will consist of many different, but similar, sequences. The length of the products are determined by the position of the primers, therefore, the success of PCR reactions can be evaluated by using gel electrophoresis to look for specific-length products. In ...
Chapter 8 Bacterial Genetics
... • Large populations contain mutants (for example, cells in colony) • Environment selects cells that grow under its conditions ...
... • Large populations contain mutants (for example, cells in colony) • Environment selects cells that grow under its conditions ...
Gene expression (central dogma)
... A DNA molecule consists of functional units called genes. Each gene provides instructions for a functional product (a molecule needed to perform a job in the cell). In many cases, the functional product of a gene is a protein. The functional products of most known genes are proteins, or, more accura ...
... A DNA molecule consists of functional units called genes. Each gene provides instructions for a functional product (a molecule needed to perform a job in the cell). In many cases, the functional product of a gene is a protein. The functional products of most known genes are proteins, or, more accura ...
Restriction Enzyme Sequence
... Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequence in DNA molecules, and cuts the backbones of the molecules at that sequence. The result is a set of double-stranded DNA fragments with single-stranded ends, called "sticky ends." Sticky ends are not really sticky; however, the bases on the ...
... Each enzyme recognizes a short, specific nucleotide sequence in DNA molecules, and cuts the backbones of the molecules at that sequence. The result is a set of double-stranded DNA fragments with single-stranded ends, called "sticky ends." Sticky ends are not really sticky; however, the bases on the ...
Determining the Structure of DNA
... complex to understand fully, reductionists saw deciphering fundamental life processes as entirely possible—and critical to curing human diseases. The discovery of DNA’s double-helix structure was a major blow to the vitalist approach and gave momentum to the reductionist field of molecular biology. ...
... complex to understand fully, reductionists saw deciphering fundamental life processes as entirely possible—and critical to curing human diseases. The discovery of DNA’s double-helix structure was a major blow to the vitalist approach and gave momentum to the reductionist field of molecular biology. ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.