011 Chapter 11 Microbial Genetics: Gene Structure Replication amp
... 54. Cellular RNA molecules are always initially single stranded, but they often have double stranded regions because of internal base pairing. True False 55. Split genes have been found in both procaryotes and eucaryotes but are much more common in eucaryotes. True False 56. The basic differences be ...
... 54. Cellular RNA molecules are always initially single stranded, but they often have double stranded regions because of internal base pairing. True False 55. Split genes have been found in both procaryotes and eucaryotes but are much more common in eucaryotes. True False 56. The basic differences be ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034 /9.00-12.00
... 25. Describe the methodology for somatic hybridization. 26. Explain the process involved in synthetic seed production. 27. Give an account on haploid plant production through tissue culture. 28. Describe the organization of nif genes. ...
... 25. Describe the methodology for somatic hybridization. 26. Explain the process involved in synthetic seed production. 27. Give an account on haploid plant production through tissue culture. 28. Describe the organization of nif genes. ...
lecture 2
... Bacterial chromosomes have (at least) four histone-like proteins that are involved in maintaining the architecture and compactions of the chromosome. HU, IHF, FIS and H-NS. The bacterial chromosome and associated proteins is called the nucleoid. B. Genome structure and regulatory aspects 1. Transcri ...
... Bacterial chromosomes have (at least) four histone-like proteins that are involved in maintaining the architecture and compactions of the chromosome. HU, IHF, FIS and H-NS. The bacterial chromosome and associated proteins is called the nucleoid. B. Genome structure and regulatory aspects 1. Transcri ...
A2 5.2.3 Genetic Engineering
... • Recombinant DNA made by cutting DNA and sticking it together • Restriction enzymes from bacteria cut DNA at specific points • Restriction enzymes cut DNA at the restriction site (a bit like enzyme-substrate complex) on the DNA • Restriction enzymes cut leaves some exposed single strand bases known ...
... • Recombinant DNA made by cutting DNA and sticking it together • Restriction enzymes from bacteria cut DNA at specific points • Restriction enzymes cut DNA at the restriction site (a bit like enzyme-substrate complex) on the DNA • Restriction enzymes cut leaves some exposed single strand bases known ...
Genome Variant Calling: A sta>s>cal perspec>ve
... • the distribu2ons of the test sta2s2c is discrete • the distribu2ons of the p-‐values are too • as coverage increases, for a fixed cut-‐off, the size of the test decreases • our p-‐values, if aggre ...
... • the distribu2ons of the test sta2s2c is discrete • the distribu2ons of the p-‐values are too • as coverage increases, for a fixed cut-‐off, the size of the test decreases • our p-‐values, if aggre ...
Unit 1 – Human Cells Key Areas 1
... 1. The function of tRNA in cell metabolism is to : A. Transport amino acids to be used in synthesis B. Carry codons to the ribosomes C. Synthesise proteins D. Transcribe the DNA code ...
... 1. The function of tRNA in cell metabolism is to : A. Transport amino acids to be used in synthesis B. Carry codons to the ribosomes C. Synthesise proteins D. Transcribe the DNA code ...
Slide 1
... Describe the characteristics of plasmids Explain how plasmids are used in cloning a gene Describe the function of restriction enzymes Explain how to use restriction enzymes to create a recombinant plasmid ...
... Describe the characteristics of plasmids Explain how plasmids are used in cloning a gene Describe the function of restriction enzymes Explain how to use restriction enzymes to create a recombinant plasmid ...
Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma
... RNA stores genetic information in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid (3 nucleic acid bases = 1 amino acid) There are 64 codons and only 20 amino acids An adapter molecule allows mRNA codons to be read and the proper amino acids to be put int ...
... RNA stores genetic information in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid (3 nucleic acid bases = 1 amino acid) There are 64 codons and only 20 amino acids An adapter molecule allows mRNA codons to be read and the proper amino acids to be put int ...
IB Biology Topic 4: Genetics (15 hours)
... a.) one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene. b.) the whole of the genetic information of an organism. c.) a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic. ...
... a.) one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene. b.) the whole of the genetic information of an organism. c.) a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic. ...
MICR 130 Chapter 8
... Transcription – synthesis of RNA from DNA § Recall, RNA is single stranded, uses U instead of T § Three kinds of RNA § Ribosomal RNA, rRNA –integral part of ribosomes § Transfer RNA, tRNA – involved in protein synthesis § Messenger RNA, mRNA – carries information for making protein § mRN ...
... Transcription – synthesis of RNA from DNA § Recall, RNA is single stranded, uses U instead of T § Three kinds of RNA § Ribosomal RNA, rRNA –integral part of ribosomes § Transfer RNA, tRNA – involved in protein synthesis § Messenger RNA, mRNA – carries information for making protein § mRN ...
Lecture 3b - Organelles, mitosis, central dogma
... ÆtRNA is like the translator Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches and binds to the codon on the mRNA 1 mRNA codon translates to 1 amino acid Enzymes in the ribosome join amino acids with peptide bonds Resulting protein has specific sequence of amino acids (Why important?) ...
... ÆtRNA is like the translator Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches and binds to the codon on the mRNA 1 mRNA codon translates to 1 amino acid Enzymes in the ribosome join amino acids with peptide bonds Resulting protein has specific sequence of amino acids (Why important?) ...
Titan Tutoring for Biology
... 30. The experiment below was used by Miller and Urey for what purpose? ...
... 30. The experiment below was used by Miller and Urey for what purpose? ...
Chapter 1 The Science of Genetics
... When the two parental strands are separated, the separated strands can serve as template for the synthesis of new strands. New strands are assembled by incorporating nucleotides according to base-pairing rules. At the end of replication, each template strand is paired with a newly synthesized ...
... When the two parental strands are separated, the separated strands can serve as template for the synthesis of new strands. New strands are assembled by incorporating nucleotides according to base-pairing rules. At the end of replication, each template strand is paired with a newly synthesized ...
Genetics: The Science of Heredity
... RNA vs. DNA DNA has two strands, RNA has one DNA and RNA have different sugar molecules as the “sides of the ladder” DNA has A, G, C, and T as the “rungs of the ladder”, while RNA has A, G, C, and U ...
... RNA vs. DNA DNA has two strands, RNA has one DNA and RNA have different sugar molecules as the “sides of the ladder” DNA has A, G, C, and T as the “rungs of the ladder”, while RNA has A, G, C, and U ...
Extracting DNA from cheek cells
... • EDTA - £14.50 per 100 g – need 29 mg per 100 ml buffer • TrisHCl - £37.50 per 100 g – need 0.8 g per 100 ml buffer • 100 ml Tris-EDTA buffer pH 8 (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA) - £19.50 ...
... • EDTA - £14.50 per 100 g – need 29 mg per 100 ml buffer • TrisHCl - £37.50 per 100 g – need 0.8 g per 100 ml buffer • 100 ml Tris-EDTA buffer pH 8 (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA) - £19.50 ...
Document
... 30) In Griffith's experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain pneumococcus were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain pneumococcus? A) DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse. B) DNA from the heat-kille ...
... 30) In Griffith's experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain pneumococcus were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain pneumococcus? A) DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse. B) DNA from the heat-kille ...
WAI_3024254_1_AIPLA Myriad powerpoint
... distinctive name, character and use.’” (447 U.S. at 30910, quoting Hartranft v. Wiegmann, 121 U.S. 609, 615 ...
... distinctive name, character and use.’” (447 U.S. at 30910, quoting Hartranft v. Wiegmann, 121 U.S. 609, 615 ...
Document
... 30) In Griffith's experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain pneumococcus were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain pneumococcus? A) DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse. B) DNA from the heat-kille ...
... 30) In Griffith's experiments, what happened when heat-killed S-strain pneumococcus were injected into a mouse along with live R-strain pneumococcus? A) DNA from the live R-strain was taken up by the heat-killed S-strain, converting them to R-strain and killing the mouse. B) DNA from the heat-kille ...
Genetic Disorders in Culture and Art
... • Genes associated with hundreds of genetic diseases have been cloned and used to develop genetics tests and new treatments • In vitro fertilization and genetic testing help families make informed decision concerning family planning • Stem-cell research offers hope for treating many diseases • The u ...
... • Genes associated with hundreds of genetic diseases have been cloned and used to develop genetics tests and new treatments • In vitro fertilization and genetic testing help families make informed decision concerning family planning • Stem-cell research offers hope for treating many diseases • The u ...
Tweezers Made of Light - Max-Planck
... croscopic machines powered by tiny forces. This is tremendously fascinating.” Our muscles contract, for example, because millions of elongated proteins slide along each other over miniscule distances. By combining all these tiny shifts, muscles are able to carry out large movements. The movements th ...
... croscopic machines powered by tiny forces. This is tremendously fascinating.” Our muscles contract, for example, because millions of elongated proteins slide along each other over miniscule distances. By combining all these tiny shifts, muscles are able to carry out large movements. The movements th ...
A Perspective on Human Genetics
... • Genes associated with hundreds of genetic diseases have been cloned and used to develop genetics tests and new treatments • In vitro fertilization and genetic testing help families make informed decision concerning family planning • Stem-cell research offers hope for treating many diseases • The u ...
... • Genes associated with hundreds of genetic diseases have been cloned and used to develop genetics tests and new treatments • In vitro fertilization and genetic testing help families make informed decision concerning family planning • Stem-cell research offers hope for treating many diseases • The u ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.