lecture4(GS351)
... • Switches control transcription (which take the form of DNA sequence) - Called regulatory elements (RE’s) or enhancers - Adjoin the promoter region, but can be quite distant • Regulators, which take the form of proteins that bind the DNA, operate the switches - Called transcription factors (TF’s) • ...
... • Switches control transcription (which take the form of DNA sequence) - Called regulatory elements (RE’s) or enhancers - Adjoin the promoter region, but can be quite distant • Regulators, which take the form of proteins that bind the DNA, operate the switches - Called transcription factors (TF’s) • ...
A Short History of DNA Technology
... • A screening test for Huntington’s disease is developed using restriction fragment length markers. ...
... • A screening test for Huntington’s disease is developed using restriction fragment length markers. ...
DNA: the indispensable forensic science tool
... Probability and STR Analysis 1) What are the chances of two Caucasian individuals being matches for the STR vWA 2) What are the chances that two African American individuals are matches for the STR’s FGA and TP0X? 3) What are the chances of two Caucasian individuals being matches for the STR’s vWA, ...
... Probability and STR Analysis 1) What are the chances of two Caucasian individuals being matches for the STR vWA 2) What are the chances that two African American individuals are matches for the STR’s FGA and TP0X? 3) What are the chances of two Caucasian individuals being matches for the STR’s vWA, ...
ppt - eweb.furman.edu
... it has different ends… there is a reactive phosphate at one end (5’) and a reactive –OH at the other (3’). So, the helix has a 5’-3’ polarity. ...
... it has different ends… there is a reactive phosphate at one end (5’) and a reactive –OH at the other (3’). So, the helix has a 5’-3’ polarity. ...
video slide - Greensburg
... • In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield finished mRNA • Cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: DNA RNA protein ...
... • In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield finished mRNA • Cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: DNA RNA protein ...
Natural Selection - This area is password protected
... Before the industrial revolution in Britain, most peppered moths were of the pale variety (they were camouflaged against the pale birch trees they rest on) ...
... Before the industrial revolution in Britain, most peppered moths were of the pale variety (they were camouflaged against the pale birch trees they rest on) ...
7. Biotechnology- Using Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering
... Increasing Variation In order for selective breeding to be successful, there must be a lot of genetic variation in the population Breeders increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic ...
... Increasing Variation In order for selective breeding to be successful, there must be a lot of genetic variation in the population Breeders increase the genetic variation in a population by inducing mutations, which are the ultimate source of genetic ...
Background Information
... can be used to isolate and amplify a specific gene relatively simply. Plasmids, small circular DNA molecules, are usually extra chromosomal; they exist apart from the chromosomes in most bacterial species. Plasmids are not necessary for the survival of the host bacteria, but they can contain genes t ...
... can be used to isolate and amplify a specific gene relatively simply. Plasmids, small circular DNA molecules, are usually extra chromosomal; they exist apart from the chromosomes in most bacterial species. Plasmids are not necessary for the survival of the host bacteria, but they can contain genes t ...
Chapter 27
... and an rRNA molecule 2. Amino acids in the cytoplasm are “picked-up” by molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Each codon on the mRNA bonds with a corresponding anticodon on a tRNA, which carries a specific amino acid 4. The resulting chain of amino acids is a ...
... and an rRNA molecule 2. Amino acids in the cytoplasm are “picked-up” by molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Each codon on the mRNA bonds with a corresponding anticodon on a tRNA, which carries a specific amino acid 4. The resulting chain of amino acids is a ...
here
... o Know what a complex character is: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________Be able to cite examples of complex characters: o Be able to determine red and white eye color in male and female flies, as evidenced by Morgan’ ...
... o Know what a complex character is: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________Be able to cite examples of complex characters: o Be able to determine red and white eye color in male and female flies, as evidenced by Morgan’ ...
Proteome and Gene Expression Analysis
... – Tricks: SAGE, SuperSAGE, PET – The real deal: 454 sequencing ...
... – Tricks: SAGE, SuperSAGE, PET – The real deal: 454 sequencing ...
Exercise - GEP Community Server
... In your lectures, you learned about whole genome shotgun sequencing and mapping strategies for obtaining genomic sequences, but what happens once those sequences are obtained? They are basically long lists of A’s, C’s, T’s and G’s which need to be searched to find genes, repetitive DNA regions and o ...
... In your lectures, you learned about whole genome shotgun sequencing and mapping strategies for obtaining genomic sequences, but what happens once those sequences are obtained? They are basically long lists of A’s, C’s, T’s and G’s which need to be searched to find genes, repetitive DNA regions and o ...
Protein Production and the Genetic Code
... group of three nucleotides codes for one amino acid. Each set of three N bases that codes for an amino acid is called a codon. The order of nitrogen bases in the mRNA will determine the type and order of amino acids in a protein 64 combinations are possible when a sequence of 3 bases is used. Th ...
... group of three nucleotides codes for one amino acid. Each set of three N bases that codes for an amino acid is called a codon. The order of nitrogen bases in the mRNA will determine the type and order of amino acids in a protein 64 combinations are possible when a sequence of 3 bases is used. Th ...
Name
... This cladogram shows how derived characters can be used to identify clades among certain vertebrates (animals with backbones). All the species shown here share a common ancestor that had a backbone. (Each clade is actually defined by several derived characters, not just one.) ...
... This cladogram shows how derived characters can be used to identify clades among certain vertebrates (animals with backbones). All the species shown here share a common ancestor that had a backbone. (Each clade is actually defined by several derived characters, not just one.) ...
Transcription Translation
... one end Anticodon on one end base-pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA 80 nucleotides long Flattened into one plane, cloverleaf shape H bonds cause tRNA twist Roughly L-shaped ...
... one end Anticodon on one end base-pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA 80 nucleotides long Flattened into one plane, cloverleaf shape H bonds cause tRNA twist Roughly L-shaped ...
Slide 1
... • Repair of apurinic and apyrimidinic sites on DNA • in which base: has been removed • Base removed by: – DNA glycosylases ...
... • Repair of apurinic and apyrimidinic sites on DNA • in which base: has been removed • Base removed by: – DNA glycosylases ...
Chapter 12 Notes - Great Neck Public Schools
... A. Restriction enzymes - bacterial enzymes that act as scissors for making recombinant DNA in a test tube 1. RE’s are naturally found in bacteria as protection against foreign DNA from other organisms and phages 2. RE’s cut at specific palindromic DNA sequences ...
... A. Restriction enzymes - bacterial enzymes that act as scissors for making recombinant DNA in a test tube 1. RE’s are naturally found in bacteria as protection against foreign DNA from other organisms and phages 2. RE’s cut at specific palindromic DNA sequences ...
View PDF
... of tissue cells in all organisms. A series of defined triplets in the DNA encodes for a precise combination of amino acids at the protein level. ATGGATTGCGTG (DNA or gene) changes to AUGGAUUGCGUG (RNA, single gene product) to encode Methionine, Aspartate, Cysteine and Valine amino acid residue, buil ...
... of tissue cells in all organisms. A series of defined triplets in the DNA encodes for a precise combination of amino acids at the protein level. ATGGATTGCGTG (DNA or gene) changes to AUGGAUUGCGUG (RNA, single gene product) to encode Methionine, Aspartate, Cysteine and Valine amino acid residue, buil ...
B2 Remediation Packet
... complementary to the mRNA codons temporarily bind to mRNA. 6. Each tRNA carries an amino acid on one end & has a group of three bases as the other (anticodon = “opposite” of codon). 7. Peptide bonds are formed between the amino acids creating a protein. 8. After it has dropped off its amino acid, th ...
... complementary to the mRNA codons temporarily bind to mRNA. 6. Each tRNA carries an amino acid on one end & has a group of three bases as the other (anticodon = “opposite” of codon). 7. Peptide bonds are formed between the amino acids creating a protein. 8. After it has dropped off its amino acid, th ...
Figure 1: The “Central Dogma” of Biology
... which one of the G-couple protein receptors for serotonin has been made fluorescent. Panel (A) shows control cells, in which the fluorescence is all at the surface of the cell. Panel (B) shows cells that have been incubated with dopamine, a neurotransmitter, for 10 minutes. After exposure to dopamin ...
... which one of the G-couple protein receptors for serotonin has been made fluorescent. Panel (A) shows control cells, in which the fluorescence is all at the surface of the cell. Panel (B) shows cells that have been incubated with dopamine, a neurotransmitter, for 10 minutes. After exposure to dopamin ...
Pediatrics-Embryology
... iv. After they are formed strands of DNA match up with matching strands to form double helix DNA molecule v. The two bases are like a ladder however the sides are antiparallel (opposite directions) 1. The top of one strand is linked to the bottom of another strand 2. This allows the two sides to li ...
... iv. After they are formed strands of DNA match up with matching strands to form double helix DNA molecule v. The two bases are like a ladder however the sides are antiparallel (opposite directions) 1. The top of one strand is linked to the bottom of another strand 2. This allows the two sides to li ...
Deoxyribozyme
_DNAzyme.png?width=300)
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.