Final Exam reviewsheet 1415
... 32. A homozygous A man has a baby with a woman with O blood. They have a baby whose blood type is also O. Is this possible? 33. a. Describe the process of gel electrophoresis. 34. What are some ways Restriction enzymes are being used? 35. What is the relationship between sickle cell anemia and malar ...
... 32. A homozygous A man has a baby with a woman with O blood. They have a baby whose blood type is also O. Is this possible? 33. a. Describe the process of gel electrophoresis. 34. What are some ways Restriction enzymes are being used? 35. What is the relationship between sickle cell anemia and malar ...
Molecular
... During last week’s lab you exposed his- mutant strains of S. typhimurium to suspected mutagens. Some of your his- bacteria reverted to a his+ phenotype, but how do you suppose this happened? As you remember, different mutagens affect DNA in different ways. However, even though a specific mutagen wil ...
... During last week’s lab you exposed his- mutant strains of S. typhimurium to suspected mutagens. Some of your his- bacteria reverted to a his+ phenotype, but how do you suppose this happened? As you remember, different mutagens affect DNA in different ways. However, even though a specific mutagen wil ...
Analysis on Organic Compounds Submitted by WWW
... The chemical compounds of living things such as microorganisms are known as organic compounds because of their association with organisms. The organic compounds, the subject matter of organic chemistry, are the compounds associated with life processes in microorganisms. Carbohydrates. Four major ca ...
... The chemical compounds of living things such as microorganisms are known as organic compounds because of their association with organisms. The organic compounds, the subject matter of organic chemistry, are the compounds associated with life processes in microorganisms. Carbohydrates. Four major ca ...
INSILICO ANALYSIS OF GYRASE SUBUNITS A AND B IN PROKARYOTES
... Objective: The present study focused on type II topoisomerases, especially Gyrase and tried to investigate the evolutionary aspect by studying the phylogeny due to the wealth of information available on these enzymes. Method: The sequences were retrieved from Uniprot, aligned using ClustalW and phyl ...
... Objective: The present study focused on type II topoisomerases, especially Gyrase and tried to investigate the evolutionary aspect by studying the phylogeny due to the wealth of information available on these enzymes. Method: The sequences were retrieved from Uniprot, aligned using ClustalW and phyl ...
CHAPTER 6
... The structures of AZT (3-azido-2,3dideoxythymidine). This nucleoside was the first approved drug for treatment of AIDS. AZT is phosphorylated in vivo to give AZTTP (AZT 5-triphosphate), a substrate analog that binds to HIV reverse transcriptase, HIV reverse transcriptase incorporates AZTTP into ...
... The structures of AZT (3-azido-2,3dideoxythymidine). This nucleoside was the first approved drug for treatment of AIDS. AZT is phosphorylated in vivo to give AZTTP (AZT 5-triphosphate), a substrate analog that binds to HIV reverse transcriptase, HIV reverse transcriptase incorporates AZTTP into ...
Unit 18: Genetics and Genetic Engineering
... educational laboratories. Differences include the analytical machinery which is in common use, multiple transfer conditions, the clear demarcation of ‘clean’ and ‘contaminated’ areas (not only in biological and animal laboratories, but even in many chemistry ones) and the separate space for computer ...
... educational laboratories. Differences include the analytical machinery which is in common use, multiple transfer conditions, the clear demarcation of ‘clean’ and ‘contaminated’ areas (not only in biological and animal laboratories, but even in many chemistry ones) and the separate space for computer ...
Detection of Free Radicals
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
Chapter 9 Review Questions 1. Please state two different types of
... 1. Please state two different types of cues that can lead to DNA damage. Which of these cues would spontaneous DNA damage fall under? Which of these cues would induced DNA damage fall under? Please explain your answer in detail. 2. Please state 3 external agents that lead to DNA damage. 3. Please ex ...
... 1. Please state two different types of cues that can lead to DNA damage. Which of these cues would spontaneous DNA damage fall under? Which of these cues would induced DNA damage fall under? Please explain your answer in detail. 2. Please state 3 external agents that lead to DNA damage. 3. Please ex ...
The Dolan DNA Learning Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
... 2. What role does –galactosidase play in lactose metabolism? It breaks down lactose (a disaccharide) into galactose and glucose (monosaccharides). 3. What is the inducer of the lac operon? __Lactose or allolactose__ (note: cAMP is an activator) 4. What role does the repressor (product of the lacI g ...
... 2. What role does –galactosidase play in lactose metabolism? It breaks down lactose (a disaccharide) into galactose and glucose (monosaccharides). 3. What is the inducer of the lac operon? __Lactose or allolactose__ (note: cAMP is an activator) 4. What role does the repressor (product of the lacI g ...
+ O 2
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
... A scheme of the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenases. The binding of the substrate (RH) to ferric P450 (a) results in the formation of the substrate complex (b). The ferric P450 then accepts the first electron from CPR (cytochrome P450 reductase), thereby being reduced to the ...
Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene of Lactic Acid
... organisms is also warranted. Since the 16S rRNA gene has hypervariable regions which are species specific, the most dependable and widely used techniques for bacterial identification are based on the 16S rRNA gene [9][11].Since these hypervariable regions are also often flanked by strongly conserved ...
... organisms is also warranted. Since the 16S rRNA gene has hypervariable regions which are species specific, the most dependable and widely used techniques for bacterial identification are based on the 16S rRNA gene [9][11].Since these hypervariable regions are also often flanked by strongly conserved ...
Direct Observations for Evolution
... The Evolution of Drug-Resistant HIV • The use of drugs to combat HIV selects for viruses resistant to these drugs • HIV uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA version of its own RNA genome • The drug 3TC is designed to interfere and cause errors in the manufacture of DNA from the virus ...
... The Evolution of Drug-Resistant HIV • The use of drugs to combat HIV selects for viruses resistant to these drugs • HIV uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to make a DNA version of its own RNA genome • The drug 3TC is designed to interfere and cause errors in the manufacture of DNA from the virus ...
Worms Have as Many Genes as We Do? But They Lack Alu
... mechanism, and the existing information was not retained, the original proteins would be changed”. This situation could lead to the development of disease”. Indeed, the researchers discovered three diseases caused in this fashion. In the mechanism described by these researchers, there are two produc ...
... mechanism, and the existing information was not retained, the original proteins would be changed”. This situation could lead to the development of disease”. Indeed, the researchers discovered three diseases caused in this fashion. In the mechanism described by these researchers, there are two produc ...
An investigation into the relationship between
... techniques being used to successfully determine prey species of seabirds (Deagle et al. 2007) and corvids (Oehm et al. 2011). However, from the small number of samples processed, it would be wrong to conclude that pheasants are not eating reptiles; it is possible that any reptile DNA consumed was de ...
... techniques being used to successfully determine prey species of seabirds (Deagle et al. 2007) and corvids (Oehm et al. 2011). However, from the small number of samples processed, it would be wrong to conclude that pheasants are not eating reptiles; it is possible that any reptile DNA consumed was de ...
general introduction
... Mammalian cells have various mechanisms to ensure accurate copying of DNA. The misincorporation rate of replicative DNA polymerases is about 1 per 10.000 copied nucleotides. When a wrong nucleotide is inserted, polymerization will be halted because base pairing is not properly achieved and the intr ...
... Mammalian cells have various mechanisms to ensure accurate copying of DNA. The misincorporation rate of replicative DNA polymerases is about 1 per 10.000 copied nucleotides. When a wrong nucleotide is inserted, polymerization will be halted because base pairing is not properly achieved and the intr ...
Close Reading for Macromolecules
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
... 25. ____Peptide______ bonds form when water is removed to hold ____amino acids_____ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and steroids. Lip ...
Course Name:
... sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, proteins and lipids. Chemical reactions are also used for the quantitative determination of biomolecules. ...
... sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, proteins and lipids. Chemical reactions are also used for the quantitative determination of biomolecules. ...
C2005/F2401 `07 -- Lecture 16 -- Last Edited
... chromosome. Therefore recipient can get a fragment (from a copy of part of the donor's chromosome) or a plasmid. See Becker fig. 20-21 (18-21). 5. Cell to cell contact is required. Conjugation, unlike transformation, requires cell-cell contact and the DNA (copy) is passed across a bridge that forms ...
... chromosome. Therefore recipient can get a fragment (from a copy of part of the donor's chromosome) or a plasmid. See Becker fig. 20-21 (18-21). 5. Cell to cell contact is required. Conjugation, unlike transformation, requires cell-cell contact and the DNA (copy) is passed across a bridge that forms ...
Large Scale expression Profiling to find transcription
... Problem: For microarray data there are many more features (genes) than there are training samples and conditions to be classified. Therefore usually a set of features which discriminates the conditions perfectly can be found (overfitting) ...
... Problem: For microarray data there are many more features (genes) than there are training samples and conditions to be classified. Therefore usually a set of features which discriminates the conditions perfectly can be found (overfitting) ...
CHS Honors Bio Final Exam Review Packet 2013
... 4. Distinguish natural selection from artificial selection. Give an example of each. ...
... 4. Distinguish natural selection from artificial selection. Give an example of each. ...
Glossary of terms
... Downstream – sequences of amino acids in proteins are always written from the N-terminus to the Cterminus. If a sequence is said to be inserted “downstream” from a target gene, this means that it is attached after the C-terminus. DpnI – a restriction endonuclease which targets methylated DNA, cuttin ...
... Downstream – sequences of amino acids in proteins are always written from the N-terminus to the Cterminus. If a sequence is said to be inserted “downstream” from a target gene, this means that it is attached after the C-terminus. DpnI – a restriction endonuclease which targets methylated DNA, cuttin ...
Point Mutation
... frame” of genetic message – Almost always affect all the amino acids after the mutation, which will affect the entire protein. ...
... frame” of genetic message – Almost always affect all the amino acids after the mutation, which will affect the entire protein. ...
INTRODUCTION: - the BIOTECH Project
... of rRNA with genomic DNA to measure the similarity of rRNAs in various species. These experiments demonstrated that rRNA-based methods are applicable to directly comparing a broader range of organisms (i.e., spanning greater phylogenetic distances) than is whole genome DNA-DNA hybridization. However ...
... of rRNA with genomic DNA to measure the similarity of rRNAs in various species. These experiments demonstrated that rRNA-based methods are applicable to directly comparing a broader range of organisms (i.e., spanning greater phylogenetic distances) than is whole genome DNA-DNA hybridization. However ...
2. Explain how organic polymers contribute to
... spontaneously (due to hydrophobic interactions) • It is stabilized by chemical bonds & weak interactions between neighboring regions of the folded protein ...
... spontaneously (due to hydrophobic interactions) • It is stabilized by chemical bonds & weak interactions between neighboring regions of the folded protein ...
Genetics Unit Overview
... understanding of traits and inheritance. As biology teachers try to keep up, students are often lost in the whirlwind of information. How can they determine what is important to know? What does genetics mean to students? The fields of microbiology, cell biology, genetics, and biochemistry have grown ...
... understanding of traits and inheritance. As biology teachers try to keep up, students are often lost in the whirlwind of information. How can they determine what is important to know? What does genetics mean to students? The fields of microbiology, cell biology, genetics, and biochemistry have grown ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.